还是疑惑,比如以下题目 1. 53, (生命科学/科学假说/并列)Thirteen years ago, researchers studied a group of 25 infants(1) who showed signs of mild distress(4) when exposed to unfamiliar stimuli such as an unusual odor or a tape recording of an unknown voice. They discovered that these infants were more likely than other infants to have been conceived in early autumn(2), a time when their mothers' production of melatonin(3)—a hormone known to affect some brain functions—would naturally increase in response to decreased daylight. In a follow-up study conducted earlier this year, more than half of these children—now teenagers—who had shown signs of distress identified themselves as shy(5). Clearly, increased levels of melatonin before birth cause shyness(4) during infancy and this shyness continues into later life(6).
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The sample of the mentioned study is too limited. (quantity of the sample)
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No direct evidence is provided to show that it is the high levels of mothers’ production of Melatonin that resulted in the distress showed by the infants studied. (confusing concurrence with causality) ★★★★
The author fails to prove that increased levels of mothers’ production of Melatonin will directly affect their infants. (U.A)
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The author simply equates mild distress with shyness. (U.C)
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Different individuals may define the term shy in various ways. (definition of the term ‘shy’) ★★★★
Many other genetic or environmental factors will cause shyness in those teenagers. (I.T) ★★★★