[风雨与共] 12.16 提纲作业 by 【7】

shawn_pysUID: 2770388

Issue

112 "Someeducational systems emphasize the development of students' capacity forreasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit more from aneducation that also taught them to explore their own emotions."

有保留的赞成：
开发逻辑思维能力开发同时，应该把情绪的探索途径也纳入教育内容
1. 对情绪的掌控能力虽然对于学生在学习和研究中帮助不大，但是它对于学生们的人生有着重大影响
2. 通过探索自己的情感世界，可以让孩子们能更好的同别人交流，并且能更好的融入社会
3. 虽然情绪的掌握能力可以自然习得，并且父母也能够进行这方面的教育，但是教育者在开发学生的逻辑思维能力的基础上，能教会学生如何探索自己的情绪是有百利而无一害的。


160
"The most essential quality of aneffective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particularprinciples and objectives. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced byshifts in popular opinion will accomplish little."

有保留的赞成：
作为领导者，既要有坚定不移的信仰，又要善于吸取意见，两者缺一不可
1. 为了领导集体走向成功，必须要能将正确的路走到底
2. 但是在走到歪路上的时候，要能听取集体的宝贵意见，找出错误所在，及时修正
3. 在现实中很有常常会是条条大路通罗马，但是如不能把一条路走到底，而是走一走就换一条路，可能永远都到不了终点


121"At varioustimes in the geological past, many species have become extinct as a result ofnatural, rather than human, processes. Thus, there is no justification forsociety to make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money andjobs, to save endangered species."

平衡观点：
人类不需要尽最大可能去挽留一个物种的灭绝，但是如果人类的某些做法会导致某些生物，人类还是应该尽最大可能去阻止这种做法
1. 正如作者所说很多物种的灭绝并不是由人类所引起的，人类没有必要投入大量人力、物力去保留这些物种
2. 并且物种的灭绝按照达尔文的进化论来看，是自然选择的一种手段，有利于物种的进化
3. 但是目前人类对大自然造成了相当大的影响，正在导致很多物种的灭绝，对于这些行为，我们应该全力避免和阻止

shawn_pysUID: 2770388

Arguement

7. Thefollowing appeared in a letter to the editor of the Clearview newspaper.
"Inthe next mayoral election, residents of Clearview should vote for Ann Green,who is a member of the Good Earth Coalition, rather than for Frank Braun, amember of the Clearview town council, because the current members are notprotecting our environment. For example, during the past year the number offactories in Clearview has doubled, air pollution levels have increased, andthe local hospital has treated 25 percent more patients with respiratoryillnesses. If we elect Ann Green, the environmental problems in Clearview willcertainly be solved."


1. 作者犯了从整体推个体的错误，议会成员没有保护环境，并不能得出Frank Braun当选不会采取环境保护措施的结论
2. 有工厂数增加无法得出议会没有保护环境，仅仅是工厂数量增多并不一定会造成空气污染加重，空气污染的加重还有可能是机动车数量增多引起的。工厂的增多和空气污染加重之间并没有直接联系。
3. 空气污染的增加程度并没有给出，可能只是轻微的增加。呼吸道疾病患者的增多并不一定是空气污染造成的还有可能是去年流行性呼吸道疾病加重引起。
4. 即使像作者所说，Frank Braun没有致力于保护环境，他依然无法保证 Ann Green当选就一定能解决环境问题。
为了支持此论证，作者需要提供更详细的数据，以及Ann Green准备解决环境问题的具体方案、措施。


8. Thefollowing appeared in a memorandum issued by the strategic planning departmentat Omni Inc.
"MesaFoods, a manufacturer of snack foods that currently markets its products withina relatively small
region of thecountry, has strong growth potential. Mesa enjoyed a 20 percent increase inprofits last
year, and its best-sellingproduct, Diabolique Salsa, has had increased sales over each of the pastthree
years. Since Omni Inc. isinterested in reaching 14-to-25-year olds, the age group that consumes the
most snack food, we should buy Mesa Foods,and concentrate in particular on marketing Diabolique
Salsa throughout the country."

1.作者忽略了利润增长20%的其他可能性，比如开发新产品等，虽然它卖的最好的产品销量一直在 增长，但是利润的增长不一定全是由此产品提供的。两者之间没有必然的联系。
2. 并且过去的这些增长并无法表明将来这个企业有着很大的成长潜力，另外作者并没有提供基数
3. Mesa Foods只是在一个小区域内受到欢迎，在全国范围内并不具有类比性。我们不应该把大量人力、物力都投入到一个产品上，这样有很大的风险。

9. Thefollowing appeared in a memorandum from a dean at Omega University.
"Fifteenyears ago, Omega University implemented a new procedure that encouragedstudents to evaluate the teaching effectiveness of all their professors. Sincethat time, Omega professors have begun to assign higher grades in theirclasses, and overall student grade averages at Omega have risen by thirtypercent. Potential employers apparently believe the grades at Omega areInflated; this would explain why Omega graduates have not been as successful atgetting jobs as have graduates from nearby Alpha University. To enable itsgraduates to secure better jobs, Omega University should now terminate studentevaluation of professors."

1. 教授评价措施的实施和学生分数上升，无法得出教授给出偏高分数的结论
2. 而在找工作方面不如另一所大学成功，并不能说明Omega大学的教育比Alpha大学失败，可能更多的学生选择了继续留校进行科研工作
3. 而说雇主相信分数有所膨胀是完全没有依据的