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本帖最后由 crazyrobin 于 2013-5-20 13:49 编辑
5.18托福写作真题回忆
综合写作
Topic:美国的ANDE wall是不是一种防御机制。
Reading: 不是
1.wall不是连续的,有gaps,不能达到防御的目的
2.wall 由multiple entranceways构成,而一般的防御建筑只有一个出口和入口
3.没有walls和储水的地方,无法供给城内抵御外敌
Listening: 赞成
1.这些gaps都是悬崖之类,通常是容易受攻击的地方
2.这些ways是用来contact,因为site在large area,而且这些通道很窄
3.敌人也要面临食物和水短缺的问题,因为这里气候干燥
独立写作
Should governments spend money on scientific research even if it has no practical value?
5.18 托福口语真题回忆
Task 1
Describe a recent celebration or event. Explain why people had a great time.
Task 2
Agree or Disagree. Parents are children’s most important teachers.
Task 3
Proposal: create a study lounge at the Humanities Building
R1: philosophy and literature students could have a place to relax between classes,
R2: provide a place for group assignment and project.
Man (literature students) agrees
R1: Most of their classes take place in this building, they have a 30min interval between classes, it takes 10min to get to the library and 10min to get back, with this study lounge, they could do some meaningful things;
R2: Student would have somewhere to discuss right after the class the content that covered in the class. Like last time, during the Shakespeare course, he wanted to discuss Hamlet with his classmate. They had nowhere to go, so they actually stood in the cold while talking, it was really inconvenient.
Task 4
Term: ____ Framing
Definition: Consumer’s opinion about a product is altered after-the-fact by advertisement. (The advertisement could exert positive effect on consumers.)
Lecture:
Volunteers were asked to taste a gourmet coffee, but the researchers added some salt and vinegar into it so they were certain, the coffee wouldn’t taste good. After that, they showed these volunteers some advertisement of this coffee, in the add people were enjoying the coffee and having a good time. So then when asked how would they describe the coffee, people said it was “delicious” and they “liked it”.
Task 5
Problem: the man has a painting due next week, but the painting is so big, he has run out of the specific kind of paint he uses;
Solution 1: order it online
Pro: he remembers the manufacturer’s name,
Con: the shipment would take 5 days to get delivered,
Solution 2: take the bus to the store where he originally bought the paint,
Pro: takes only 1 day to get the paint he needs,
Con: change buses two times, he has a lot of stuff on his hands right now
Task 6
Two ways that animal molting helps them to survive
Animals could change into the coat that is suitable to the weather
e.g. mountain hare (Europe), they have thin and short coat in summer when the weather is warm, then they shed the lighter coat to change into their winter coat, with the hairs twice as long and much thicker to prevent the cold;
Change the color of their coat to protect themselves form predator
e.g. North America weasel, they have brown coat for the summer season, but when winter comes, and there is usually snow on the ground, they molt and change into white color, this helps them to blend in with the environment.
5月18日托福考试阅真题回忆
相关整理:
1. preference 偏爱 2. migration 移民 3. 隐患 latent peril 4. 易燃的 inflammable/ combustible 5. 火灾 conflagration 6. 啮齿目动物 rodent (such as mice、rats and squirrels) 7. 监管 supervision 8. juvenile hormone 保幼激素(一种抑制害虫的激素)9. 分泌 secrete 10. El Niño 厄尔尼诺现象;圣婴现象 11. 南极洲 Antarctica 12. anchovy 凤尾鱼;鳀鱼 13.oscillination 来回波动 14. The Seesaw Effect: What are the origins of past, present, and future climate change? In his Perspective, Stocker discusses ways in which the climate system can act like a seesaw, as the high northern latitudes push and pull against the Southern Hemisphere to create abrupt shifts. Stocker briefly discusses a report in the same issue by Steig et al., showing that Northern and Southern Hemisphere climate shifts act in synchrony. A related Perspective by Cane looks at the role of the tropics in paleoclimate. Recent observations and model calculations indicate that effects of climate change in the tropical latitudes merit a closer look.
Passage 1 美国城市规划
1890’s之前,美国尚未经历City Beautiful Movement,除了极个别诸如Washington D.C的城市。当时的城市规划最大的特点就是:no urban planning.
影响美国人民住址选定的几个因素:economics,preference to live individually, etc.
当时的两大特点为:1. 随着移民风潮(migration)和大量农村人口涌入城市,城市对于住房的要求开始增长;2.大量城市人口考虑到城市居住诸多隐患,迁移乡村。
主要的城市居住弊端:大量建筑材料易燃、楼距太近、城市明火使用导致火灾频发;排水系统不完善,进而啮齿类动物传播疾病,危及居民健康。
总而言之,当时的城市规划相当不完善,没有统一的政府监管,基础设施建设相当落后。
Passage 2 Honeybees Juvenile Hormone
在蜜蜂种群当中,根据年龄的不同,承担不同的任务,这种现象称之为“age polytheism”。比如,年幼的蜜蜂,一般在蜂巢工作,feed the queen and pupae;年长一点的蜜蜂,负责找食物(forage)和存储食物。分工不同的具体解释为:特定举动的频率会比较高,而并非彻底add or eliminate to the total number of the tasks they perform(此处有题)。
研究表明,如此的分工,主要是由于蜜蜂当中一种叫做Juvenile Hormone的物质进行控制。Juvenile Hormone随着蜜蜂年龄的增长,分泌的速率提升,JH刺激蜜蜂大脑当中叫做mushroom区域逐渐增大,导致最后行为的不同。
实验验证,摘除蜜蜂分泌JH的区域,人工注射JH类似物,能够使蜜蜂转变行为方式。
Passage 3 厄尔尼诺现象
南美洲太平洋东岸的居民,每年都能迎来由南极洲方向洋流涌向赤道,在季风共同作用下,深层富含营养的冷水涌向海表层,带来大量的鳀鱼(anchovies)。但特定年份,海水异常温暖,持续2-3个月,因为发生在耶稣降临的月份周围,所以被称之为“圣婴(El Niño)现象”。
Gilbert Walker研究太平洋东岸和西岸气压发现了“跷跷板效应(Seesaw Effect)”,东岸气压高,则西岸气压低;反之亦然,该现象与厄尔尼诺有着千丝万缕的关系,所以合称——El Niño-Southern Oscillation。
回溯15世纪,西班牙人的各种记录,厄尔尼诺之前每隔6年发生一次,近年来有频率上升的趋势,每隔2年发生一次;且强度逐年增高,比如美国遭受暴雨侵袭等。
5.18托福考试听力真题回忆
Section1:
1、第一个听力是关于选题目的, 讲富兰克林吧,那个女生问,是写details,还是board。 教授说 写detail。可以期中写短的集中,期末长的写他丰富的领域。学生说可以写一个人吗,教授说没问题。
2、marketing中consumer behavior分析,大部分人majority五个步骤recognize problem,need,搜索信息,making decision决策购买,比较使用效果与expectation期望。提到了一种impose购买,临时起义的那种购买,男生举了一个例子,有一次他去买灯泡等,看到一个juice就买了,因为摸到了它的清凉。男生质疑那么研究那五个步骤有什么意义。教授作了回答。
3、天文的,讲saturn的一个卫星,比火星更可能有人的迹象。有water vapour,然后讨论energy哪里来,gravity变化造成的tidal,不过不够。(感觉要背点天文单词)
Section2:
1、professor本来说要给他东西(好像是recommendation letter之类)的,放在mailbox里,学生说没收到,去找助理,助理说professor去fieldwork啦,而且难联系上,因为move from place to place,在desert,要过一定时间才能check mail;
2、一个人作画,非同传统,类似于相机地照一个东西画。mass production批量化生产,签上sign自己的名字,能算是自己的画么,与文艺复兴时期的艺术创作特点作比喻。
3、一种deer为什么面对威胁时要保护另一种deer的小孩;一种是meal(音近词) deer,一种是white什么deer,三种解释,一是recognition confusion,不能分辨;二是吸引注意,保护自己的领地,好像也被反驳了,用两者对比;三是reciprocal altruism,希望在一定的时候得到对方的回报,但是这首先需要能进行识别确认,这在种间好像不行。 |
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