文章
Typically the queen honeybee is mother to all the bees in a hive; after mating with several male drones from other colonies, she lays fertilized eggs that develop into all-female worker bees and lays unfertilized eggs that become all-male drones. According to natural selection theory, a worker would enhance her fitness-or ability to propagate her genes-by hatching her own eggs in addition to or in place of the queen's. But a typical worker's fitness would be diminished if other workers' sons, who have less genetic material in common with the worker, supplanted the queen's sons (the worker's brothers). Researchers, testing the hypothesis that workers usually somehow block each other's attempts to reproduce, put unfertilized eggs laid by workers and by the queen into a hive. Other workers quickly devoured the workers' eggs while leaving the queen's eggs alone.
题目
3. The passage best supports which of the following inferences about the fitness of honeybees?
(A) Reproduction diminishes any individual honey-bee's fitness.
(B) An individual worker's fitness can be maintained
without the individual herself reproducing.
(C) A hierarchy of stronger and weaker individuals among the worker bees determines which individuals will reproduce when a queen dies.
(D) While a queen reigns, the fitness of the worker bees is increased and that of the drones is diminished.
(E) Fitness encourages worker bees to hatch
honeybee eggs without regard for the relatedness of the young to the "parent".
答案B
实在想不通
我选的是D 认为workers都去吃别的workers‘ sons 然后drones岂不是越来越少了?
我的理解是读完文章后会发现,worker bee如果自己reproduce的话有两种结果:
1. She mates with the queen bee's son (the worker's brother) and hatch her own eggs. This would result in an ENHANCED fitness.
2. She mates with other worker bee's soon and hatch her own eggs. This would result in a DIMINISHED fitness as indicated in line 9.
所以,反过来想,如果她不reproduce的话,她就可以MAINTAIN fitness....所以B正确
文章前面说 理论上根据natural selection,worker bee照顾自己的egg会enhance her fitness
But a typical worker's fitness would be diminished if other workers' sons supplanted the queen's sons
说明her fitness会diminished如果other's sons 取代了queen's son,这样即使她reproduce自己的eggs,fitness也会下降。但是如果她不reproduce自己的eggs而是控制别人的eggs,她的fitness就会maintain
所以B是对的