36套EX1 两道题。

海女其后UID: 3479597

A)
前身 NO 4-1-2
Immediately relevant to game theory are the sex ratios in certain parasitic wasp species
that have a large excess of females. In these species, fertilized eggs develop into females
and unfertilized eggs into males. A female stores sperm and can determine the sex of each
egg she lays by fertilizing it or leaving it unfertilized. By Fisher‘s genetic argument that the
sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will
have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted, it should pay a female to produce
equal numbers of sons and daughters. Hamilton, noting that the eggs develop within their
host—the larva of another insect—and that the newly emerged adult wasps mate
immediately and disperse, offered a remarkably cogent analysis. Since only one female
usually lays eggs in a given larva, it would pay her to produce one male only, because this
one male could fertilize all his sisters on emergence. Like Fisher, Hamilton looked for an
evolutionarily stable strategy, but he went a step further in recognizing that he was looking
for a strategy.
与博弈理论更为直接相关的是某些寄生性黄蜂种类的性别比例，雌性黄蜂占有绝对的过量。
在这些种类的黄蜂身上，受精卵发展成为雌性黄蜂，未受精卵发展成为雄性黄蜂。雌性黄蜂
能储存精子，并对她所产的每一个卵，通过使其受精或不让其受精，从而决定其性别。按照
菲希尔的论点，生物体所会择取的是那样一种性别比例，那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加
一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制
品的数量，对于雌性黄蜂来说，繁殖同等数量的雄性后代和雌性后代仍不乏益处。汉密尔顿
（Hamilton）注意到，蜂卵是在其寄主——另一只昆虫的幼虫——体内成熟发展的，并且刚
刚自卵中育出的成年黄蜂随即进行交配，然后积各奔东西，提供了一种极为严谨的分析。既
然一般而言只有一只雌性黄蜂在一特定的幼虫体内产卵，对她来说，只需要繁殖一只雄性黄
蜂便获益匪浅，因为这一只雄性黄蜂可以将其同胞的雌性黄蜂在自卵中育出之际皆予授精。
如同菲希尔一样，汉密尔顿也意欲寻觅一种在生物进化上的稳定策略，但他更深入了一步，
因为他认识到他的研究正是为了去寻找一种生物体的进化策略。

2. The passage contains information that would
answer which of the following questions about
wasps?

□A How many eggs does the female wasp
usually lay in a single host larva?
□B Can some species of wasp determine sex
ratios among their offspring?
□C What is the approximate sex ratio
among the offspring of parasitic wasps?


请问C为什么不对？只产一只雄峰不是已然成为现象本身了吗，经过进化论筛选下来的最佳结果，难道不是approximate sex ratio?（自认为的对应句在文中用红线标出~）



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B)文章在下
For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all
that apply
7. The passage supplies information for answering which
of the following questions?
(A) Has unusual creative activity been character-
ized as revolutionary?
(B) Did Beethoven work within a musical tradition
that also included Handel and Bach?
(C) Who besides Monteverdi wrote music that the
author would consider to embody new prin-
ciples of organization and to be of high aes-
thetic value?

答案是AB，我已经理解了。但是不知道C为什么不对？对应句也在文中标出.是因为没有说明WHO（COMPOSER)，只说明了WHICH吗？还是这句根本就不足以推出C选项的答案呢？谢谢回答。

This is not to deny that a highly creative artist some-
times establishes a new principle of organization in the
history of an artistic field; the composer Monteverdi,
who created music of the highest aesthetic value, comes
to mind. More generally, however, whether or not a
composition establishes a new principle in the history of
music has little bearing on its aesthetic worth. Because
they embody a new principle of organization, some
musical works, such as the operas of the Florentine
Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few
listeners or musicologists would include these among the
great works of music. On the other hand, Mozart‘s The
Marriage of Figaro is surely among the masterpieces of
music even though its modest innovations are confined
to extending existing means. It has been said of
Beethoven that he toppled the rules and freed music
from the stifling confines of convention. But a close
study of his compositions reveals that Beethoven
overturned no fundamental rules. Rather, he was an
incomparable strategist who exploited limits—the
rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from
predecessors such as Haydn and Mozart, Handel and
Bach—in strikingly original ways.

海女其后UID: 3479597

求大神给回复~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

海女其后UID: 3479597

大神

海女其后UID: 3479597

已解决。。。。

ClaraSunUID: 3451518

膜拜大........

GTNOOBIEUID: 3460846

可爱小海女……

theLLeeeUID: 3440169

在做NO题中 同不懂这里的第一题 既然说了it would pay her to produce one male only不是就能知道approximate sex ratio了吗？

小飞行UID: 2980207

theLLeee 发表于 2014-10-17 16:12
在做NO题中 同不懂这里的第一题 既然说了it would pay her to produce one male only不是就能知道approxima ...

你只知道有一只是雄性，雌性的数量还是未知的，因此无法比较。

theLLeeeUID: 3440169

小飞行 发表于 2014-10-17 19:20
你只知道有一只是雄性，雌性的数量还是未知的，因此无法比较。

懂了！谢谢你！