99年阅读一篇，有两处理解困难（文章中标注），请大家来讨论~~

无敌浩克OneUID：3605802

Before Laura Gilpin (1891-1979), few women in the history of photography had so devoted themselves to chronicling the landscape. Other women had photographed the land, but none can be regarded as a landscape photographer with a sustained body of work documenting the physical terrain. Anne Brigman often photographed woodlands and coastal areas, but they were generally settings for her artfully placed subjects. Dorothea Lange’s landscapes were always conceived of as counterparts to her portraits of rural women.
At the same time that Gilpin’s interest in landscape work distinguished her from most other women photographers, her approach to landscape photography set her apart from men photographers who, like Gilpin, documented the western United States. Western American landscape photography grew out of a male tradition, pioneered by photographers attached to government and commercial survey teams that went west in the 1860’s and 1870’s. These explorer-photographers documented the West that their employers wanted to see: an exotic and majestic land shaped by awesome natural forces, unpopulated and ready for American settlement. The next generation of male photographers, represented by Ansel Adams and Eliot Porter, often worked with conservationist groups rather than government agencies or commercial companies, but they nonetheless preserved the “heroic” style and maintained the role of respectful outsider peering in with reverence at a fragile natural world.
For Gilpin, by contrast, the landscape was neither an empty vista awaiting human settlement nor a jewel-like scene resisting human intrusion, but a peopled landscape with a rich history and tradition of its own, an environment that shaped and molded the lives of its inhabitants. Her photographs of the Rio Grande, for example, consistently depict the river in terms of its significance to human culture: as a source of irrigation water, a source of food for livestock, and a provider of town sites. Also instructive is Gilpin’s general avoidance of extreme close-ups of her natural subjects: for her, emblematic details could never suggest the intricacies of the interrelationship between people and nature that made the landscape a compelling subject. While it is dangerous to draw conclusions about a “feminine” way of seeing from the work of one woman, it can nonetheless be argued that Gilpin’s unique approach to landscape photography was analogous to the work of many women writers who, far more than their male counterparts, described the landscape in terms of its potential to sustain human life.
Gilpin never spoke of herself as a photographer with a feminine perspective: she eschewed any discussion of gender as it related to her work and maintained little interest in interpretations that relied on the concept of a “woman’s eye.” Thus it is ironic that her photographic evocation of a historical landscape should so clearly present a distinctively feminine approach to landscape photography.


1.It can be inferred from the passage that the first two generations of landscape photographers in the western United States had which of the following in common?
(A) They photographed the land as an entity that had little interaction with human culture.
(B) They advanced the philosophy that photographers should resist alliances with political or commercial groups.
(C) They were convinced that the pristine condition of the land needed to be preserved by government action.
(D) They photographed the land as a place ready for increased settlement.
(E) They photographed only those locations where humans had settled.
对应蓝色字的部分

2.The author of the passage mentions women writers in the third paragraph most likely in order to
(A) counter a widely held criticism of her argument
(B) bolster her argument that Gilpin’s style can be characterized as a feminine style
(C) suggest that Gilpin took some of her ideas for photographs from landscape descriptions by women writers
(D) clarify the interrelationship between human culture and the land that Gilpin was attempting to capture
(E) offer an analogy between photographic close-ups and literary descriptions of small details

2题对应的黄色句子，这句话怎么能理解成can be characterized as a feminine style?不是dangerous吗？

希望大家把其他选项为什么错和对应原文的部分写出来~~
之前看到一个坛友说GRE的文章就是随便找一个选项也能给它说对了，所以请大家不要只是写正确答案~~

无敌浩克OneUID：3605802

有正在准备阅读的小伙伴吗？？求助啊

melanietingtingUID：3565526

顶一个，明天起来仔细看～

无敌浩克OneUID：3605802

melanietingting 发表于 2015-4-16 23:22
顶一个，明天起来仔细看～

thankyou!!!

melanietingtingUID：3565526

无敌浩克One 发表于 2015-4-17 12:38
thankyou!!!

第二题应该对应文中这一句话吧。
While it is dangerous to draw conclusions about a “feminine” way of seeing from the work of one woman, it can nonetheless be argued that Gilpin’s unique approach to landscape photography was analogous to the work of many women writers who, far more than their male counterparts, described the landscape in terms of its potential to sustain human life.

虽然仅从这一个人的作品中就得出结论说这是一种 “feminine” way of seeing是很危险的，it can nonetheless be argued that.....（即使如此仍旧可以认为）感觉这句话的调调就是有点让步的

再来看后面的比喻
was analogous to the work of many women writers who, far more than their male counterparts, described the landscape in terms of its potential to sustain human life.
比喻里说就如同很多女性作家，和男性作家相比，会从支持人类生活的可能性这一方面来描写地形。
所以这个比喻的用意就是，比起很多男性摄影师，G的approach 更女性一点。

看看选项
(A) counter a widely held criticism of her argument
这句话应该不是负面的评价所以A不对

(B) bolster her argument that Gilpin’s style can be characterized as a feminine style
第一次看的时候觉得bolster会不会用的程度太过了一点，所以是待定的。。。

(C) suggest that Gilpin took some of her ideas for photographs from landscape descriptions by women writers
women writers只是为了比喻才这样说，所以不可能出现相互参考的情况

(D) clarify the interrelationship between human culture and the land that Gilpin was attempting to capture
第一次看选成了这个，但是仔细想，比喻的用意并不是要说明G的approach具体含有什么样的内容，而是要和man writer(photographers)形成对比，
(E) offer an analogy between photographic close-ups and literary descriptions of small details
明显不是这两者的对比

答案是B吗？可能我会搞错了。
不知道说的对不对，求虐:lol

无敌浩克OneUID：3605802

melanietingting 发表于 2015-4-18 20:58
第二题应该对应文中这一句话吧。
While it is dangerous to draw conclusions about a “feminine” way ...

对呀对呀！！就是B~~完全明白了，你好厉害~~！！
第一题呢~~

melanietingtingUID：3565526

无敌浩克One 发表于 2015-4-19 10:22
对呀对呀！！就是B~~完全明白了，你好厉害~~！！
第一题呢~~

题目1.It can be inferred from the passage that the first two generations of landscape photographers in the western United States had which of the following in common?

要找出the first two generations of landscape photographers的特点

原文对应
Western American landscape photography grew out of a male tradition, pioneered by photographers attached to government and commercial survey teams that went west in the 1860’s and 1870’s. These explorer-photographers documented the West that their employers wanted to see: an exotic and majestic land shaped by awesome natural forces, unpopulated and ready for American settlement. (the 1 generation)
The next generation (the 2 generation)of male photographers, represented by Ansel Adams and Eliot Porter, often worked with conservationist groups rather than government agencies or commercial companies, but they nonetheless preserved the “heroic” style and maintained the role of respectful outsider peering in with reverence at a fragile natural world.
→相似点就是延续了“heroic” style，保持了”作为一个局外人带尊重看这个脆弱的自然世界“

选项
(A) They photographed the land as an entity that had little interaction with human culture.
貌似是可以选的

(B) They advanced the philosophy that photographers should resist alliances with political or commercial groups.
原文“The next generation of male photographers.....often worked with conservationist groups rather than government agencies or commercial companies"
所以知道第二个generation是不愿意和political or commercial groups工作的
B不正确

(C) They were convinced that the pristine condition of the land needed to be preserved by government action.
同B的解释

(D) They photographed the land as a place ready for increased settlement.
原文关于第一个generation讲到
These explorer-photographers documented the West that their employers wanted to see: an exotic and majestic land shaped by awesome natural forces, unpopulated and ready for American settlement.
所以选项里的ready for increased settlement不正确

(E) They photographed only those locations where humans had settled.
同D选项的解释

所以答案是A吗？

无敌浩克OneUID：3605802

melanietingting 发表于 2015-4-20 14:01
题目1.It can be inferred from the passage that the first two generations of landscape photographer ...

答案是A！
我做题的时候是在A和D之间犹豫
A说little interaction，原文中unpopulated我理解的是完全没有Interaction，不完全对，备选了
D说increased settlement，Increase可以是从0开始增加，符合unpopulated呀？而且ready for American settlement就是ready for increased settlement吧？为什么就排除了呢？
我偏向D的原因最主要是因为documented the West that their employers wanted to see，应该是政府部门为了找到新的移民地，所以ready for increased settlement是主要目的
于是，你认为呢？

melanietingtingUID：3565526

无敌浩克One 发表于 2015-4-20 14:19
答案是A！
我做题的时候是在A和D之间犹豫
A说little interaction，原文中unpopulated我理解的是完全没有 ...

嗯的确你分析的很有道理，我对于D选项的理解可能不是很正确。

但是问题问的是in common，对于The next generation (the 2 generation)，文中就没有提到关于settlement的内容，所以就不能选吧？

无敌浩克OneUID：3605802

melanietingting 发表于 2015-4-20 23:31
嗯的确你分析的很有道理，我对于D选项的理解可能不是很正确。

但是问题问的是in common，对于The next ...

那是这样理解吗？就是第二代继承了的是去人少的地方看自然，而非为了政府的目的而拍照（worked with conservationist groups rather than government），既然政府的目的是好移民地，所以就不能选D？