[问答] 36套exercise23 第二题 [复制链接]

madridista_laker
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发表于 2015-8-5 20:43:39 |显示全部楼层

36套里面的exercise23，第一篇短文章，是讨论 misunderstandings in language 的。
其中第二题是根据原文的举例选类似项，作者在原文中举的例子是这个：
“He took his stick -no，not John‘s，but his own。”

题目如下：

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply
2. The misunderstanding presented by the author in
the passage is similar to which of the following?
A ：X uses the word "you" to refer to a group, but Y
thinks that X is referring to one person only.

B ：X mistakenly uses the word "anomaly"
to refer to a typical example, but Y knows that
"anomaly" means "exception."

C ：X uses the word "bachelor" to mean "unmarried
man," but Y mistakenly thinks that bachelor means
"unmarried woman."
答案选的是第一个，可能只是代词的指代不明。我想把第三个也选上……很多人可能都觉得这题简单，这一套也确实都挺简单的、可我就是这个选项有点转不过来了……
贴一下原文吧：
The common belief of some linguists that each language is a perfect vehicle for the thoughts of the nation speaking it is in some ways the exact counterpart of the conviction of the Manchester school of economics that supply and demand will regulate everything for the best. Just as economists were blind to the numerous cases in which the law of supply and demand left actual wants unsatisfied, so also many linguists are deaf to those instances in which the very nature of a language calls forth misunderstandings in everyday conversation, and in which, consequently, a word has to be modified or defined in order to present the idea intended by the speaker: "He took his stick-no, not John's, but his own." No language is perfect, and if we admit this truth, we must also admit that it is not unreasonable to investigate the relative merits of different languages or of different details in languages.

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madridista_laker
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发表于 2015-8-5 21:22:55 |显示全部楼层

不顶就要被淹没了……求解惑啊

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brookside
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发表于 2015-8-5 23:37:57 |显示全部楼层

本帖最后由 brookside 于 2015-8-6 03:34 编辑

首先承认下偶的做题方针就是只求做对，不求甚解。因为文字理解啊这个东西本身就像这篇文章说的，主观性挺强的，没有绝对的是非，我总觉得我们作为考生，搞清楚出题人在这道题里的用意就okay了，偶从来没觉得他们出题的某个思路能跟数学公理一样，能搞清楚之后就一劳永逸，举一反三，因为觉得那不现实。

言归正传：

这个题是单选还是多选啊？单选的话选最佳选项。你找出一个就别浪费时间看其他了。

原题是如你所说，是人称代词指代混乱，his，既可以指第三方john's,也可以指说话者本身his own. 所以说话者用破折号做了特指，确立了这句话的语境下，指的是his own. 换句话说，这个情况下，听话者和说话者都没错，是这个人称代词本身ambiguous.

选项a, you,
语境不确定时，无法判定是特指某一个群体，还是一个个人。比如 if you don't prepare for the test, you are bound to fail GRE. 这样的句子，说出来，真的不知道是指考生群体，还是听话者一人。这种ambiguity的造成者是这个词本身，既不是说话者也不是听话者。

b. anomaly,
这个你理解的对吧，就是x用词用错了 (mistakenly use)，但是y知道这个词的意思。就好比，我俩对话，我以为shallow是个好词，就用它来夸奖一个人，但你知道我用错了。简言之，我错你对。

c. bachelor
这个跟b的情况反过来了，就是说话者用的没问题，用bachelor来指单身男人，但是接受者理解错了（"mistakenly think")。就好比，我用shallow来损人，但你以为这是个褒义词。就是我对你错。

这样来看，貌似就是a 最佳选项了。

ps 话说我是根据答案给你讲解的哈，我如果自己做题的话，应该不会想这么多：）

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