issue157,客观与主观的观察，有拍必回

longwaykingUID: 196798

157."There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observation is subjective; it is always guided by the observer's expectations or desires." 157． 没有哪件事情是客观观察的结果。所有的观察都是主观的；它们在很大程度上决定于观察者的期望和偏好。

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Observation came with the appearance of humans. It is the instinct for almost all animals including human being to observe the world by various methods. Observation is the way of fetching messages from the circumstance, and it is the reflection of surrounding for human. In this sense, there is no purely objective observation. Any observation is the action of recognizes the surrounding. If the observation is restrained in what we get from the outside by removing personal interpretation, it is can be called objective to some extent.

Before discussing the objective and subjective, it is necessary to identify the observation. As the science develops the higher level today than any past period, what we called observation is not only the meaning of what we see by our eyes. Any message we get, no matter by eyes, or by equipment, can be known as observation. A tree, a building, a boy what we can see are the observations. Microwaves, cells, those we cannot see directly by our eyes, but can be transformed to what we can know are the observation. And as the specific science goes, the latter becomes more and more common.

Some observations are the explanation of those we cannot cognize directly in board sense. They are more and more be accepted by scientists in that there are enormous phenomenon can only be known by explanation. For instance, complex psychology is a branch of psychology, it observe those who have complex sense. But people who have complex sense cannot be recognized by their appearance and cannot be distinguished by mechanical tools. Only special researchers can distinguish by their knowledge and experience. The observation of this kind can only be derived by explanations. And it is common in psychology and sociology. Such observation can only be achieved with the personal attitude.

Observation happens everywhere in our daily lives or in fields of science. It always contains our attitude in that it is the reflection by which we recognize the world. It is inevitable to bring our attitude and our expectation. That is why we say the observation is subjective. And the observation mentioned forgoing that happens in field of psychology is totally subjective. We often say, the building is magnificent, or the girl is pretty, those observations contain our judgment and our opinion, thus they are subject. And the most observations are of this kind.

But if we can observe something without conveying our attitudes just like what cameras or videos do, the observation can be objective. Observation containing only things itself without personal attitude can be called objective one.

In sum, observation existing in our daily life and research is always contains personal attitude in that it is the reflection of surrounding. Most observations are subjective, let alone those observations only can be derived by explanations and experiences. But if the observation is the reflect thing itself, it can be called objective. And first of all, this action can be called observation.