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观点 最高道德标准不是成为合格领导的必要条件.
start point:
A leader with the highest ethical and moral standards,if possible,is a
common person; and a common person who has the highest ethical and moral
standards,ussually is regarded as a saint; then we can come to a conclusion
that a leader with the highest ethical and moral standards is actually a
saint. However, the case in that a saint can be an effective leader
is,quite rare.
因为他们的道德信仰和做领导的基本要求可能相悖.对一个领导而言 negotiate, bargain,compromise, and redirect conflict是不可避免的事情.他们要协调内部的利益纠葛 还要尽可能去外部争取最大利益,这些才是合格领导应该做的事情 而这些和道德 特别是题目强调的highest ethical and moralstandards 很容易冲突 一是和private morality冲突 二是和public morality冲突.这些不利的因素都削弱了saint成为effective leader的可能.
即便 I concede that there may be some saint who has remarkable abilities
to balance the ethical and moral standards and the interest he stands for.
但他们的稀有程度不足以让highest ethical and moral standards成为effective
leader的必要条件.此外,我们在看到the benefit from a noble leader的同时,such as
exemplar's aura, charisma,justice, probity,...spark the morale of underling
and the whole community,improve the effiency,prevent the corruption,...
也不应忽略其他more constant factors, such as advanced? institution.
特别是 从长远角度看 建立好的制度比选择道德高尚的领导更重要.
下面是华盛顿的例子 写的时候提炼出自己想要的证据.
从中既可以找到支持题目观点的证据 更可以找到反对它的证据.
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Thanks to this experience, his military bearing, his dramatic charisma, and
his political base in Virginia (the largest colony), Congress chose him as
commander in chief of the American forces during the Revolutionary War...
After the peace was achieved in 1783, he returned to civilian life,
an exemplar of the republican ideal of citizen leadership. Alarmed at the
weaknesses of the new nation, he presided over the Constitutional
Convention that drafted the United States Constitution in 1787 and, in
1789, was the unanimous choice to become the first President of the United
States.His two-term administration set many policies and traditions that
survive today. In particular he supported Alexander Hamilton's plans to
fund the national debt, set up a tax system, and create a national bank.
When rebels in Pennsylvania defied Federal authority, he rode at the head
of the army to quiet the rebellion. He set the norm that no president
should serve more than two terms, retiring to his Virginia plantation in
1797. His Farewell address was a primer regarding republican virtue and a
warning against involvement in European wars. As the symbol of
republicanism he embodied American values and across the world was seen
as the symbol of the new nation. Scholars rank him among the three
greatest presidents.
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不难看出 对于华盛顿的伟大之处 强调更多的是他的杰出的领导能力和卓越的眼光.
特别是留给后来的美国两个伟大的制度 税务制度和总统任期. 而总统任期的限制
正好说明 无论一个领导如何伟大 都不能超越制度,反过来 建立完善的制度比挑选
一个圣人来做领导 要更加重要.
从这里 就可以引出第二个分论点.没有最高道德水准的人是否能成为合格的领导呢?
克林顿就是很好的例子. 他不是一个好父亲 好丈夫; 但绝对是一位好总统.他的信息高速公路战略,大大刺激了美国高科技产业的发展 带动了美国经济的强劲发展。人民受益很多
因此即便他身陷丑闻 依然有很高的支持率. 另一方面 他的道德问题没有引起社会伦理的恐慌和倒退,相反让人们更加坚信美国的制度是优越的.依靠完善的法制和民主制度以及强大的舆论监督 尽管领导有道德上的缺陷 也能将他们的个人错误对国家的影响减到最小.
第三点 是由最高道德水准的人有没有能力做领导.
No sufficient leadership cannot guarantee the effectiveness of his leading
the community. 如果说第一个分论点是从理论上讲saint是否适合做领导这个角色
那么第三点是从现实中讲他们是否具有作领导所需的能力呢?
这有点像argument 找到其他合理解释 去攻击他的不合理假设.
最后的结论是 这个命题不成立.I strongly suggest that an outstanding
leadership is much more important and necessary than ideal highest ethical
and moral standards,with the provisos that the candidate of publical leader
must abide laws and basic morality in the society...
[ 本帖最后由 itsway 于 2006-8-3 22:18 编辑 ] |
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