做最强的自己，与子征战兮路漫长

zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

archaebacteria

[复] n.[微]原始细菌( 一种不同于细菌和动植物细胞且要求完全厌氧条件并能产生甲烷的微生物)

ArchaeaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia(Redirected from Archaebacteria)

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Archaea
Fossil range: Archean - Recent

Halobacteria sp. strain NRC-1, each cell about 5 μm in length.

Scientific classificationDomain:Archaea
Woese, Kandler & Wheelis, 1990PhylaCrenarchaeota
Euryarchaeota
Korarchaeota
Nanoarchaeota
ARMAN
The Archaea (AmE [ɑɹˈkiə], BrE [ɑːˈkiə]), or archaebacteria, are a major group of microorganisms. Like bacteria, archaea are single-celled organisms that lack nuclei and are therefore prokaryotes, classified in kingdom Monera in the traditional five-kingdom taxonomy. Although there is still uncertainty in the phylogeny, Archaea, Eukaryota and Bacteria are the fundamental classifications of what is called the three-domain system. Although their prokaryotic features are diagnostic of that clade, archaea are more closely related to eukaryotes than to bacteria. To account for this, archaeans and eukaryotes are grouped together in the clade Neomura, which is thought to have arisen from gram-positive bacteria. Archaea were originally described in extreme environments, but have since been found in all habitats and may contribute up to 20% of total biomass.[1]
A single individual or species from this domain is called an archaeon,[2] while the adjectival form is archaeal or archaean. The etymology is Greek, from αρχαία meaning "ancient ones".

eubacteria真细菌
BacteriaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia(Redirected from Eubacteria)

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For other uses, see Bacteria (disambiguation).


Bacteria
Fossil range: Archean or earlier - Recent

Escherichia coli cells magnified 25,000 times

Scientific classificationDomain:Bacteria
PhylaActinobacteria
Aquificae
Chlamydiae
Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi
Chloroflexi
Chrysiogenetes
Cyanobacteria
Deferribacteres
Deinococcus-Thermus
Dictyoglomi
Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria
Firmicutes
Fusobacteria
Gemmatimonadetes
Lentisphaerae
Nitrospirae
Planctomycetes
Proteobacteria
Spirochaetes
Thermodesulfobacteria
Thermomicrobia
Thermotogae
Verrucomicrobia
Bacteria (singular: bacterium) are unicellular microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, individual bacteria have a wide-range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods to spirals. Bacteria are ubiquitous in every habitat on Earth, growing in soil, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste,[1] seawater, and deep in the Earth's crust. There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water; in all, there are approximately five nonillion (5×1030) bacteria in the world.[2] Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, and many important steps in nutrient cycles depend on bacteria, such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere. However, most of these bacteria have not been characterised, and only about half of the phyla of bacteria have species that can be cultured in the laboratory.[3] The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology, a branch of microbiology.
There are approximately 10 times as many bacterial cells as human cells in the human body, with large numbers of bacteria on the skin and in the digestive tract.[4] Although the vast majority of these bacteria are rendered harmless or beneficial by the protective effects of the immune system, a few pathogenic bacteria cause infectious diseases, including cholera, syphilis, anthrax, leprosy and bubonic plague. The most common fatal bacterial diseases are respiratory infections, with tuberculosis alone killing about 2 million people a year, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa.[5] In developed countries, antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections and in various agricultural processes, so antibiotic resistance is becoming common. In industry, bacteria are important in processes such as wastewater treatment, the production of cheese and yoghurt, and the manufacture of antibiotics and other chemicals.[6]
Bacteria are prokaryotes. Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Although the term bacteria traditionally included all prokaryotes, the scientific classification changed after the discovery in the 1990s that prokaryotic life consists of two very different groups of organisms that evolved independently from an ancient common ancestor. These evolutionary domains are called Bacteria and Archaea.[7]

[ 本帖最后由 zhangheng1020 于 2007-9-5 13:36 编辑 ]

zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

flagellates
鞭毛虫类

Microsporidia[img]http://www.iciba.com/resource/yinbiao/[.png[/img][img]http://www.iciba.com/resource/yinbiao/[.png[/img][img]http://www.iciba.com/resource/yinbiao/[.png[/img]
微孢子目：同Microsporida

Purple bacteriaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Purple bacteria or purple photosynthetic bacteria are proteobacteria that are phototrophic, i.e. capable of producing energy through photosynthesis. They are pigmented with bacteriochlorophyll a or b, together with various carotenoids. These give them colours ranging between purple, red, brown, and orange. Photosynthesis takes place at reaction centers on the cell membrane, which is folded into the cell to form sacs, tubes, or sheets, increasing the available surface area.
Like most other photosynthetic bacteria, purple bacteria do not produce oxygen, because the reducing agent involved in photosynthesis is not water. In some, called purple sulfur bacteria, it is either sulfide or elemental sulfur. The others, called purple non-sulfur bacteria (aka PNSB), typically use hydrogen although some may use other compounds in small amounts. At one point these were considered families, but RNA trees show the purple bacteria make up a variety of separate groups, each closer relatives of non-photosynthetic proteobacteria than one another.

cyanobacteria[img]http://www.iciba.com/resource/yinbiao/[.png[/img][img]http://www.iciba.com/resource/yinbiao/[.png[/img][img]http://www.iciba.com/resource/yinbiao/[.png[/img][img]http://www.iciba.com/resource/yinbiao/[.png[/img]
蓝藻目：原核界(Procaryotae)，带氧发光菌纲(Oxyphotobacteria)的一个亚组，包括兰绿菌，由单细胞生物或用水作为电子供体，利用光产生氧的丝状趋光微生物组成。细胞被有含肽糖的坚硬胞壁，一般能动，经分裂繁殖。光色素包含叶绿素a和藻胆素蛋白。兰藻菌是唯一既能固定二氧化碳(在有光线的条件下)又能固定氮的微生物。大多数种是光合菌，许多是强固氮菌。湖泊和溪流有这些微生物存在，常提示营养佳良

The class Flavobacteria is composed of a single order of environmental bacteria[1].
Flavobacteria

• ^ Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd ed., vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria) (D.R. Boone and R.W. Castenholz, eds.), Springer-Verlag, New York (2001). pp. 465-466.

Thermotoga

are thermophile or hyperthermophile bacteria whose cell is wrapped in an outer "toga" membrane. They were named by microbiologist Karl Stetter. They metabolize carbohydrates. Species have varying amounts of salt and oxygen tolerance.
T. subterranea strain SL1 was found in a 70°C deep continental oil reservoir in the East Paris Basin, France. It is anaerobic and reduces cystine and thiosulfate to hydrogen sulfide.

This bacteria-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[ 本帖最后由 zhangheng1020 于 2007-9-5 13:45 编辑 ]

zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

what is the meaning of "969426464"
it is a number pluzz from my BF

[ 本帖最后由 zhangheng1020 于 2007-9-7 15:13 编辑 ]

lyric025UID: 2366357

:eek:

zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

I love  the course in US!  I LOVE IT SO MUCH! I never knew I could love biochemistry. I thought a lot in class.. and I am really quite excited... but it seems as if my classmates all used that teaching style.Btw, I am the only foreign graduate In class.
My firend  says:
Be proud of the only ONE.. be proud of a CHINESE
zhangheng1020 says:
I don't feel proud at all... they are all learned that major in their undergraduate education, or they are in their second year of that program...
zhangheng1020 says:
I knew there is surely distance between us... But I do enjoy those learning
My firend  says:
You have never sat in a Biochem class in China?
zhangheng1020 says:
Sure have. But that is in Chinese
zhangheng1020 says:
the Chinese textbook sucks esp compared with here~~
My firend  says:
Then you should have the basic knowledge of it .. In the US... it is "teaching less, and self learning more"
zhangheng1020 says:
terms, lots of terms are totally different... But I reviewed the kaplan lecture video before
zhangheng1020 says:
yep! that is it!
My firend  says:
How long did it take to learn Human Anatomy in Chinese Med Scl? A full semester?
zhangheng1020 says:
en,local anatomy for one semester
My firend  says:
In the US... at least at my daugher's sch... it will be only 12 weeks
zhangheng1020 says:
then system anatomy for the next semester
zhangheng1020 says:
ooooooohhhhhhhhhhhhhh.......
My firend  says:
that will be a full year
zhangheng1020 says:
yep
zhangheng1020 says:
and the neuroanatomy for another  semester
My firend  says:
sometimes... you finished your class and walked out the classroom ... you may not know.. what hell the teacher was talking about a few min ago
My firend  says:
you have to read textbook on your own ...
zhangheng1020 says:
sure!
My firend  says:
graduate training is different ...
zhangheng1020 says:
I look through before class... that is my habit for many many many years~~
My firend  says:
you don't need to be fed... what you need is to motavited and learn by your self on most of occasions
zhangheng1020 says:
en
zhangheng1020 says:
thank you for reminding
My firend  says:
alright .. girl ... go back to you "study good .. and up and up "
zhangheng1020 says:
well, x,  are you monk?
My firend  says:
yeah.. sort of ..
zhangheng1020 says:
you repeat that daily..... hehe ...
My firend  says:
Hometown... Monk
zhangheng1020 says:
ok, I got to go on my reading le....
My firend  says:
Hey ... people like you  .. need to be "reminded" daily .. Otherwise you will jump up and down and forget your surname
zhangheng1020 says:
yes sir!
My firend  says:
bye now

[ 本帖最后由 zhangheng1020 于 2007-9-5 22:38 编辑 ]

zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

yep, he is a very very good person... I tread him as my father.

[ 本帖最后由 zhangheng1020 于 2007-9-7 15:13 编辑 ]

zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

[ 本帖最后由 zhangheng1020 于 2007-9-7 15:12 编辑 ]

guesswhatUID: 2231211

actually, Chinese is optional, while English is compulsory.

zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

some one ask me for my photos by msn.....
so I upload this to it~~~

I knew I am bad girl....

zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

I am sensitive for the following expression:

    you are slow
    you should be faster, you are faster than this
    again,  do  it  again...
    ......


I will be very bloody when hearing those above
= =

zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

[fly]But, I am slow and weak!
So, shut up & stop complain!
Conquer it or Bear it!
heng
you are slow!
again!!
.[/fly]

[ 本帖最后由 zhangheng1020 于 2007-9-7 20:25 编辑 ]

moondy74178945UID: 2231844

:rolleyes: uhuh, u complain too, conquer and bear it~I trust u can do it~

guesswhatUID: 2231211

They call me Little Pig