Scientific American 60 Second Science听抄（有音频文件）

dandanyuerUID: 2348838

THANKS

finalmanUID: 2275821

6/22 再修一些细微的地方

Here is one more reason not to smoke: a new study in the Journal of Orthopaedic Research found that smoking interferes with ligament healing after injury. Anyway, one place where people apparently are getting no smoking message is New York City. Between 2002 and 2006, the city saw its smoking rate go down by 20%, that is about a quarter million fewer smoking New Yorkers, and left only 17.5% of the city still smoking, which is a lower rate than 45 states have. All these figures appeared in an article in the newest issue of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. It's available on-line at www.cdc.gov/mmwr. What prompted to the decline after a decade long lack of progress in 2002, the city increased the tobacco taxes, prohibited smoking in most workplaces, and launched a major ad campaign. Although the Bronx, Manhattan, and Queens have all seen more than a twenty percent drop in smoking, Staten Island’s rate remained virtually unchanged.  Well, a lot of people think Staten Island should really be part of New Jersey.

hemufemaleUID: 2348726

What prompted the decline after a decade long lack of progress
我认为原来的才是对的
prompt 是及物动词，之后直接接受词

zhenzhen_163UID: 196150

:)    如何用SA的材料准备托福 II

大周末的，在这里写理论，尤其是关于如何学好英语的这个复杂问题，绝对是吃力不讨好的，可能要得罪很多人。

学英语，有效的方法很多。至于应该选用什么方法，必须考虑到学生的现有水平，以及个人的学习特性。因此我在这里讨论“如何提高听力能力”，必须先指出适用人群--托福水平大致在70分以上的人。对于不属于这个水平范围的朋友，或许有其他方法更适用，或有其他更需要解决的问题。

首先探讨一下我们是怎么听懂或读懂语言材料的。专家告诉我们，我们在理解材料的时候，有两个进程同时在进行，Top down processing和bottom up processing. Top down是我们利用自身已经拥有的对相关事物的理解（也就是我们已有的思维框架schemata），从材料中的线索，积极判断对方表达的是什么意思。Bottom up则是我们逐个音素phoneme，字，句，段落（语言的各个组件），用语法试图构筑出对方表达的意思 。能够同时较好地把握这两个进程的人，一般会有较高的理解能力。现在较科学的教案里，都会注意训练学生这两个思维进程。具体教学细节，再此不多说。我只想提出这一点，供大家参考。

对于咱们自学的朋友，掌握了这个观念，也是非常重要的。研究人脑思维的探讨对象之一是metacognition, 所谓的think about thinking. 这些年，语言学者也在语言学习领域中，探讨这方面的现象，并且提出了语言学习的metacognitive strategies. 他们的研究指出，我们应该“自我审视”我们如何在“理解语言”。在学习过程中，密切注意这两个进程，衡量出针对什么材料，什么信息，那个进程比较好用，然后进一步调整策略，反复改进。

上回我提到的听抄有好处，也有弊病。我要说的弊病主要指的是，它很容易让我们光练bottom up, 而不练top down. 朋友们自我审视一下，听抄的时候是不是花了巨量的时间在玩bottom up? 我上回建议大家要多做a, b, c,  也说了要一次听懂。其实这是为了现在的解释做铺垫，是准备要提醒大家多玩top down用的。拿SA的材料（不够的话，网上还有其他很多好材料），注意top down原则，试试一遍下来，能听懂多少，没有必要花大量的时间反复去听，去死猜每字、每句。（注：猜测、预测是top down 重要的步骤，是拿材料线索套思维框架schemata, 从而猜出对方表达的意念，是在每次听第一遍的时候应该注意训练的动作。又，把声音信号和自己脑海里的词汇联系起来，在bottom up的训练里是有讲究的，不是机械性地去识别音素phoneme.）如此节省下来的时间可以去多看材料，增加自己的托福材料的相关知识和词汇，增加自己掌握的schemata。如此持续练习，你会发觉自己的听力长进很快。换句话说，听力能力的提高，阅读也是很有关系的，听力强的人，一般知识量都较大。

咱们总是习惯想把每一个细节琢磨透，特别是细心学习的人。我也是过来人，我知道。但我们必须学会接受文本里有我们不懂的单词或片语，或甚至概念，而尽量不让这个事实干扰我们达到的最大程度的第一次听力理解。这是高级程度的语言能力，也是多数这个版面的朋友可以具备的能力，更重要的是，它是托福考察的能力。如果做听力练习时，老是专注地练习bottom up，而完全不去练 top down,坏习惯养成后，会导致本来该听懂的反倒没听懂的结果，考托时就会很可惜地丢分了。

以上谈论的问题，不是我的创解，很多学者早已对此进行研究了。其中一二，请参考以下研究reading的metacognitive strategies的一些有关结果（适用于listening）。

Carrell (1989) conducted a study of ESL readers in the USA. Her data showed a consistent difference according to L2 proficiency level, with low-proficiency readers tending to report more text-bound, local strategies than higher-proficiency readers.    （L2是第二语言。低程度的学生，比较局限于理解字面意思的策略。）

The Chinese students consciously looked for precision at the lexical level, and once equipped with a representation of each word, used their knowledge of English syntax to work out how the words fitted together; only as they advanced towards a translation of the text did they feel able to relate it in any meaningful way to their own experience. (Parry, 1996: 680)   （中国学生把自己局限起来，头脑不够灵活，不太会套自己已有的思维框架schemata。）

:handshake  （以上拙见，提供大家参考，学海无涯，一起共勉。Woodman兄，你发起的主题很好，在此我多有冒犯，望海含）。





[ 本帖最后由 zhenzhen_163 于 2007-6-25 10:55 编辑 ]

drowningbabyUID: 2351751

zhenzhen_163说的很有道理的说。
那么是不是说在听60SS时只听一遍或者两遍就过呢？没听懂的就不管了吗？

zhenzhen_163UID: 196150

原则是不必很严格地要求自己一定要听出每个细枝末节，以至不惜反复无数次去听。这样太浪费时间，也不会有太大的帮助。听一、两遍或三、五遍都无妨，关键是听的时候采用metacognitive strategies，关注自己的top down processing. 也就是说，训练自己连猜带蒙（这虽是玩笑的说法，其实是有学理依据的），最大程度去听懂材料。至于不懂的东西，以后在阅读练习时看到，学会了，再听到类似的话题就能听懂了。这点绝对可以放心，看看自己身边的听力牛牛，是不是都是知识面较广，脑筋较灵活的人。:)

yeren7722UID: 2297829

楼上的说得有道理,支持一下

打动大象UID: 2354328

感觉听5-7遍 比较有用
1-3遍的时候 用符号 什么 把大概的意思 写出来
4-5遍  敲单词

打动大象UID: 2354328

原帖由 zhenzhen_163 于 2007-6-22 16:08 发表
如何用SA的材料准备托福

不好意思，容我多说两句，while I have my “15 minutes of fame” (此话有典故，这里有不少查资料高手可以帮忙查出来)。

很多朋友觉得自己三次以内还听不明白，很懊恼。其实大 ...

drowningbabyUID: 2351751

谢谢zhenzhen和打动大象:loveliness: 4月份开始接触60ss的，后来偶尔会听一下，现在感觉进步很多了，但是还达不到一遍就完全听懂的程度。还要继续坚持，呵呵:loveliness:

drowningbabyUID: 2351751

June 25, 2007: 60-Second Science
Pro Boxer's Punch Carries Heavy Weight

Back on our May 2 episode, we talked about the brain damage suffered even by amateur boxers who wear headgear. Now imagine going into the ring bare headed against a professional boxer or a world champion in no less. Researchers at the University of Manchester of England were curious about just how much force a top boxer can generate with a punch. So they enlisted local boxer Ricky Hatton, an undefeated 28-year-old light welterweight and welterweight world champ and they had made a 30-kilogram punching bag with sands are attached. The result should make any spectators who figure they can last a while in the ring with a pro think again, because Ricky Hatton, whose nick name is "the Hit Man", generate a force of about 400 kilograms. An average person with no boxing training can generate only about 1/10 that much force with a punch. Slow-motion video found that Hatton can typically generate punch speeds of 25 miles per hour with one blow reaching 32 miles per hour. With that punch speed, you have about 1/10 of a second to react.

[ 本帖最后由 drowningbaby 于 2007-6-25 14:52 编辑 ]

finalmanUID: 2275821

on drowningbaby
你几乎都听出来了，佩服佩服
你标蓝色的地方
第1个我听是or no less
第2个的sands应该是sensors

原帖由 drowningbaby 于 2007-6-25 14:50 发表
June 25, 2007: 60-Second Science
Pro Boxer's Punch Carries Heavy Weight

Back on our May 2 episode, we talked about the brain damage suffered even by amateur boxers who wear headgear. Now ima ...

CharlieTao1983UID: 2275902

sciam确实很不错
语速适合我们准备托福听力的考生

forerunnerUID: 2234967

base on drowningbaby


Pro Boxer's Punch Carries Heavy Weight

Analysis of a world champion welterweight's punching force found it to be 10 times that of your average person's. Steve Mirsky reports.


Back on our May 2nd episode, wetalked about the brain damage suffered even by amateur boxers who wearheadgear. Now imagine going into the ring bare headed against a professionalboxer or a world champion :confused::confused:. Researchers at the Universityof Manchester of England werecurious about just how much force a top boxer can generate with a punch. Sothey enlisted local boxer Ricky Hatton, an undefeated 28-year-old lightwelterweight and welterweight world champ and they had made a 30-kilogrampunching bag with sensors attached. The result should make any spectators whofigure they can last a while in the ring with a pro think again, because RickyHatton, whose nick name is "the Hit Man", generate a force of about400 kilograms. An average person with no boxing training can generate onlyabout 1/10 that much force with a punch. Slow-motion video found that Hattoncan typically generate punch speeds of 25 miles per hour with one blow reaching32 miles per hour. With that punch speed, you have about 1/10 of a second toreact

[ 本帖最后由 forerunner 于 2007-6-25 18:30 编辑 ]