Scientific American 60 Second Science听抄（有音频文件）

zhenzhen_163UID: 196150

Original:

On the August 2nd episode, we talked about the amazingly high caloric needs of the cyclists competing in the Tour de France. Now comes a study about a group of animal athletes that burn sugar three times faster than even world-class cyclists. They’re nectar-feeding bats and they go through their fuel faster than any other mammal on earth, according to researchers reporting in the journal Functional Ecology. The bats hover and that kind of flight really burns energy. The scientists fed long-tongued bats. They need those long-tongues to get the nectar in flowers. They fed the bats sugar labeled with radioactive carbon and then measured the carbon at the bats’ exhaled. They found that bats burned sugar they ingested within minutes. And after less than half an hour they were fueling all of their metabolism with the new sugar. The highest rates in humans are on athletes who can fuel about a third of their metabolisms from recently sucked down power drinks. Most mammals store energy and then exercise it, but the bat lifestyle required them to develop a just in time sugar delivery system.

Corrected:

On the August 2nd episode, we talked about the amazingly high caloric needs of the cyclists competing in the Tour de France. Now comes a study about a group of animal athletes that burn sugar three times faster than even world-class cyclists. They’re nectar-feeding bats and they go through their fuel faster than any other mammal on earth, according to researchers reporting in the journal Functional Ecology. The bats hover and that kind of flight really burns energy. The scientists fed long-tongued bats. They need those long-tongues to get (get at) the nectar in flowers. They fed the bats sugar labeled with radioactive carbon and then measured the carbon at the bats’ exhaled (that the bats exhaled). They found that bats burned (the) sugar they ingested within minutes. And after less than half an hour  they were fueling all of their metabolism with the new sugar. The highest rates in humans are on athletes who can fuel about a third of their metabolisms from recently sucked down power drinks. Most mammals store energy and then exercise it (access it), but the bat lifestyle required them to develop a just in time (just-in-time) sugar delivery system.

Steve wanted to say “less than a half hour”, but he made a small mistake by saying “less than a half-an-hour”.  :)

happye321UID: 193904

楼主 听一遍 就可以写到这样么
佩服
刚才听了一下 完全没时间写啊
也就知道 主体

zhenzhen_163UID: 196150

Original:

The food and beverageindustries (industry) spent (spend) more than 10 billion dollars a year in the US tomarket their products to children. And its money well spent for them by age , too. Children may already harbor preference forcertain brands. And kids under six can often associate brands with specificproducts, such as McDonald's. Here's how powerful the McDonald's brand is,according to a study just published in the August issue of the journal Archivesof Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. Preschool kids all were given the exactsame food in other（either） unmarked packages or in McDonald's packaging. But thekids all between 3 and 5 years old said they liked (like)the taste better when the food looked like it was from McDonald's. All (One) of the foods tested was carrots! "What'sup, duck” What's up is that the kids said they liked quote"McDonald's carrots" unquote betterthan just playing carrots by more than two to one. And the more TV sets in akid's home, the more likely he or she was to prefer the food in McDonald'sbags. "Goodbye!"

Corrected (My notes are underlined):

The food and beverage industries (industry) spent (spend) more than 10 billion dollars a year in the US to market their products to children. And its money well spent for them (And it’s money well spent for them.) by age , too. Children (By age two, children) may already harbor preference (preferences) for certain brands. And kids under six can often associate brands with specific products, such as McDonald's. Here's how powerful the McDonald's brand is, according to a study just published in the August issue of the journal Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. Preschool kids all (there is no “all”) were given the exact same food in other（either）unmarked packages or in McDonald's packaging. But the kids, all between 3 and 5 years old, said they liked (like) (liked) the taste better when the food looked like it was from McDonald's. All (One) of the foods tested was carrots! "What's up, Doc?” What's up is that the kids said they liked quote"McDonald's carrots" unquote better than just playing carrots (plain carrots) by more than two to one. And the more TV sets in a kid's home, the more likely he or she was to prefer the food in McDonald's bags. "Goodbye!"  

[ 本帖最后由 zhenzhen_163 于 2007-8-9 12:51 编辑 ]

aeaanliUID: 2225139

"What's up is that the kids said they liked "McDonald's carrots" better than just plain carrots by more than two to one."

by more than two to one——how 2 translate this into Chinese? not very clear

zhenzhen_163UID: 196150

原帖由 aeaanli 于 2007-8-7 23:25 发表
"What's up is that the kids said they liked "McDonald's carrots" better than just plain carrots by more than two to one."

by more than two to one——how 2 translate this in ...

by more than "er bi yi"  :)

kevinliu6883UID: 2338522

The food and beverage industry spend more than 10 billion dollars a year in US to market their products to children. And its money well spent for them. By age 2, children may already have hobble preferences for certain brands. And kids under 6 can often associate brands to specific products such as McDonald’s. Here is how powerful a McDonald brand is, according to a study just published in August issue of the Journal Archive of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine. Preschool kids were given exact same food in either unmarked packages or in McDonald’s packaging. But the kids all between 3 and 5 year-old, said they liked the taste better when the food looked like they were from McDonalds. One of the foods tested was carrots. “What’s up, duck”. What’s up is that the kids said they liked quote “McDonald’s carrots” unquote better than just plain carrots by more than just 2 to 1. And the more TV sets at kids’ home, the more likely he or she was to prefer the food in McDonald’s bags.

hy0709UID: 2373277

请问你们是怎么积累那些专业名词的？有些词我怎么听都不知道是什么。。。

wcr27UID: 174576

我是通过听写积累的 60s中的单词 重复率很高的 有些专业词汇是通过听写 先知其音 再去查的
当你听写熟练后 有时就会把正确拼写写出来 但却不知道这词是什么意思   :)

liucirongUID: 2215759

August 08, 2007: 60-Second Science Four Galaxies in Massive Smashup

Astronomers have found four galaxies merging, the first documentation of more than two large galaxies coming together. Steve Mirsky reports.

Galaxy

n.

星系, 银河, 一群显赫的人, 一系列光彩夺目的东西

smashup

n.

破碎, 粉碎, 猛撞, 翻覆, 惨败

:)

Three galaxies the size of our own Milky Way and forth that is even bigger are smashing into each other in an unprecedent galactic ?. That’s the finding of NASA telescope ? of a clust of galaxies about 5 billion light years from us. The report was appear in Astrophysical Journal Letters. Galaxies are known to merging the Milky way and the ? galaxy are on a collision course that will lead to a combined galaxy in some 5 billion years. But these four galaxies merge is the first known case of more than two large galaxies coming together. Kenneth Rines of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics said [quato] most of the galaxies merges we already knew about are like compacked cars crashing together. What we have here is like four ? smashing together ? every where [end quato]. The ? of ? are stars. Once the merge is compete, the new galaxy will be one of the biggest ? of ten times the size of the Milky Way.

:confused: ?的听不出了...先发上来..听出了再修改.


:rolleyes:
extensively reading material:
from: New Scientist
Largest merger of galaxies discovered
Four massive galaxies are colliding at the heart of a cluster of hundreds of galaxies. The whitish glow around them is from billions of stars kicked out of the merging quartet (Image: NASA/JPL-Caltech/K Rines/CfA)
Four massive galaxies are colliding in the largest galactic merger ever seen, new observations reveal. The smash-up is shedding light on how the biggest galaxies in the universe form – and why many of them stopped giving birth to stars billions of years ago.
Astronomers classify mergers according to the relative sizes of the galaxies involved. Minor mergers unite galaxies of vastly different size – marrying a 'dwarf' galaxy with one the size of the Milky Way, for example – while major mergers join those of roughly equal size.
Now, researchers led by Kenneth Rines of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts, US, have found the largest major merger ever seen. It involves a quartet of galaxies at the centre of a galactic cluster known as CL0958+4702, which lies about 5 billion light years from Earth.
Three of the merging galaxies are the size of the Milky Way, while the other is about three times as massive. "This is the largest major merger in terms of total stellar mass," Rines told New Scientist, adding that the next runner-up is the merger of two Milky Way-sized bodies known as the Antenna Galaxies (see image below right).
Star plume
Using infrared [ˌinfrəˈred] observations by the Spitzer Space Telescope and optical images from the WIYN Observatory in Arizona, US, the team also discovered a colossal, fan-shaped 'plume' of old, red stars trailing about 360,000 light years from the merger, apparently tossed out of the galaxies as they spiralled towards each other. "That's the other fairly amazing thing – the number of stars in the plume is about three Milky Ways' worth," says Rines.
Eventually, about half of those stars will likely fall into the merged galaxies – which are expected to coalesce [ˌkəuəˈles] into a single mammoth galaxy in about 100 million years – while the other half will float freely outside it, he says.
That suggests other free-floating stars previously found within galaxy clusters were also ejected from their birth galaxies during major mergers, says Rines: "There's been speculation about where this 'intracluster light' comes from – did the stars form in between the galaxies? That seems pretty unlikely."
Old and red
But the find sheds light on an even more fundamental mystery, he says: "This answers the question of how you form the most massive galaxies in the universe." That is because the most massive galaxies yet observed – weighing about 10 times the Milky Way – are found at the centres of nearby galaxy clusters, which are seen as they are now, 13.7 billion years after the big bang.
The four newly discovered merging galaxies lie 5 billion light years away, meaning astronomers see them as they were 5 billion years ago. "If we could see this cluster as it is today, that merger would be long over," Rines explains, adding that it would resemble the behemoths observed at the heart of nearby clusters.
Interestingly, the four merging galaxies are made of old, red stars, suggesting each had lost the gas necessary to form new stars long beforehand, within 5 billion years of the big bang. That agrees with other recent observations showing that galaxies within clusters – which typically contain hundreds of galaxies – contain fewer young stars than those lying outside clusters.
Nature vs nurture
"There's a decades-long debate over why that is," says Rines. "The two camps are nature vs nurture."
In the nature scenario, galaxies grew at different rates in the early universe depending on the density of dark matter in their birthplace. "The idea would be that galaxy formation happened sooner in dense environments that eventually formed clusters than it did in underdense environments," he says.
That means the galaxies in crowded clusters simply formed, merged and exhausted their gas supplies earlier than those in smaller groups, such as the Milky Way, or voids of relatively empty space.
In the nurture scenario, the galaxy's surrounding environment would shape its star formation rate. Thus, interactions with other galaxies strip or heat the gas, preventing it from forming stars, says Rines.
"Nature vs nurture can be described as, 'Does the gas use itself up in forming stars or does something happen to it from other galaxies?'" he says. "It's a very subtle distinction – that's why the debate has kept going for so long."




[ 本帖最后由 liucirong 于 2007-8-8 13:41 编辑 ]

wcr27UID: 174576

Three galaxies the size of our own Milky Way and the fourth that's even bigger are smashing
into each other in an unprecedented and galactic pileup . That's the finding of Nasa Telescope
Survey of cluster of galaxies about five billion light-years from us. The report will appear in
Astrophysical Journal Letters. Galaxies are known to merge, the Milky Way and the Andromeda
galaxy are on a collision course that will lead to a combined galaxy in some five billion years.
But this four galaxies merger is the first known case of more than two large galaxies coming
together. Kenneth Rines of the Harvard-smithsonian center for Astrophysics said"most of the
galaxy mergers we already knew about are like compact cars crashing together while we have  here is like four sand trucks smashing together,fling sand everywhere ". The grain of the sand are stars. Once the merger is completed, the new galaxy will be one of the biggest known up to ten times the size of the Milky Way.

dcbUID: 2232749

Aug 08

Three galaxies the size of our own Milky Way and a forth that's even bigger are smashing into each other in an unprecedented galactic pileup. That's the finding of a NASA telescopic survey of a cluster of galaxies about 5 billion light years from us. The report will appear in Astrophysical Journal Letters. Galaxies are known to merge. The Milky way and the Andromeda galaxy are on a collision course that will lead to a combined galaxy in some 5 billion years. But this four-galaxy merge is the first known case of more than two large galaxies coming together. Kenneth Rines of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics said:" Most of the galaxy mergers we already knew about are like compact cars crashing together. What we have here is like four sand trucks smashing together, flinging sand everywhere." The grains of sand are stars. Once the merger is complete, the new galaxy will be one of the biggest known up to ten times the size of the Milky Way.

bolai808UID: 2206779

August 08, 2007: 60-Second Science
Four Galaxies in Massive Smashup

文中的红色标记为参照wcr27发表于1359楼的听抄，进行的二次听抄修改


Three gallaxies, the size are all (of our own) Mily Way, and the forth that's even bigger, are smashing into each other in an unprecedented galactic pileup. That's the finding of the NASA telescope's survey of cluster of gallaxies about five billion light years from us. The reports were appeared (will appear)in the Astrophysical Journal Letters. Galaxies are known to merge. The Milky Way and the Andromeda Gallaxy are on the(a) collision course that were lead (will lead)to the(a)combined galaxy in some five billion years, but this four gallaxies' merger is the first known case of more than two large gallaxies coming together. Kenneth Rines of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics said quote: (") most of the gallaxies' mergers we've already knew about are like compact cars crashing together, while, we have here, is like four sand trucks smashing together, flinging sand everywhere, and quote (.") The grains of sand are stars. Once the mergers are completed, the new galaxy will be one of the biggest known up to ten times of the size of the Milky Way.

[ 本帖最后由 bolai808 于 2007-8-8 17:24 编辑 ]

kevinliu6883UID: 2338522

Three galaxies, the size of our own Milky Way, and the fourth that’s even bigger, are smashing into each other, in an unprecedented galactic pileup.  That’s the finding of the NASA telescope’s survey of a cluster galaxy about 5 billion light years from us. The report will appear in Astrophysical Journal Letters. Galaxies are known to merge. The Milky Way and the Andromeda galaxy are on a collision course that will lead to a combined galaxy in some 5 billion years. But this four-galaxy-merge is the first known case of more than two large galaxies coming together. Kenneth Ray of the Harvard Smithsonian center for astrophysics, said: “Most galaxy merge we’ve already known about is like compact cars crashing together. What we have here, is like four sand trucks smashing together. The flaming sends everywhere.” The grains of sand are stars. Once the merge is completed, the new galaxy will be one of the biggest known, up to ten times the size of the Milky Way.”

tonyyinUID: 2283174

呵呵，XDF老师推荐过

kevinliu6883UID: 2338522

A major cosmic pileup involving four large galaxies could give rise to one of the largest galaxies the universe has ever known, scientists say.

Each of the four galaxies is at least the size of the Milky Way, and each is home to billions of stars.

The galaxies will eventually merge into a single, colossal galaxy up to 10 times as massive as our own Milky Way.

"When this merger is complete, this will be one of the biggest galaxies in the universe," said study team member Kenneth Rines of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

The finding, to be detailed in an upcoming issue of Astrophysical Journal Letters, gives scientists their first real glimpse into a galaxy merger involving multiple big galaxies.

"Most of the galaxy mergers we already knew about are like compact cars crashing together," Rines said. "What we have here is like four sand trucks smashing together, flinging sand everywhere."

Galaxy collisions are a common occurrence in the universe. Our own Milky Way is fated to collide and merge with its neighbor, Andromeda, in about 5 billion years.

Astronomers have observed several clashes involving one big galaxy and several larger ones, and they have also witnessed more major mergers among pairs of big galaxies. But the new findings mark the first time major mergers between multiple hefty galaxies have ever been seen.

NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope serendipitously spotted the quadruple merger during a routine survey of a distant galaxy cluster, called CL0958+4702, located nearly 5 billion light years away. Spitzer's infrared eyes observed an unusually large fan-shaped plume of light emerging from a gathering of four blob-shaped elliptical galaxies. Three of the galaxies are about the size of the Milky Way, while the fourth is three times as large.

The plume turned out to be billions of elderly stars ejected and abandoned during the clash. About half of the stars in the plume will later fall back into the galaxies.

Spitzer observations also show that, unlike most known mergers, the galaxies involved in the quadruple collision are bereft of gas, the source material that fuels star birth. As a result, astronomers predict that relatively few new stars will be born in the new, combined galaxy.