【九一五学社】作文总帖

abstinentUID: 137004

今天公司中秋聚餐，不能不去，回家都已经N晚了，实在写不了了；
休假一天，明天继续。

abstinentUID: 137004

祝大家中秋愉快！

92"In any academic area or professional field, it is just as important to recognize the limits of our knowledge and understanding as it is to acquire new facts and information."

Position: Agree. Both are important. By recognizing limit of our knowledge, we feel obliged to absorb new information. And on the other hand, by acquiring new facts and information we recognize the inadequacy of our knowledge.
1        On the one hand, recognizing the limits of our knowledge is very important. (1) Knowing the limits of our knowledge and ability prevents us form abusing our power currently. For example, nuclear power is the thing we can utilize now with caution, but we should be too confident of our ability to abuse the nuclear power as to put it into war use. After all, scientist have not found out an effective remedy if the world is contaminated by nuclear. And another example is cloning. Although academic researchers have known something about how to clone life using stem cell, but our knowledge of humanity and morality is not sufficient enough to handle the chaos that may arouse if cloned men is legitimized. The third example is not to fund academic research on what man cannot do right now such as UFO. Government should not fund academic institutions that are in search for evidence of UFO. That is a waste of money which could be allocated for solving immediate issues. (2) From a prospective of etiquette, knowing what we can do and what we cannot prevent us from being too pretentious, arrogant, bombastic, or bumptious. It is true people have achieved a great throughout thousands of years of human history, however human should not boast ourselves as being omnipotent. It is not ashamed to lack of knowledge.
2        And on the other hand, acquiring new facts and information is important. (1) Any new discoveries and breakthroughs in academic or professional field require the accumulation of knowledge and understanding. And new information and facts play a vital role in these breakthroughs. For example, in the realm of physics, scientists have long puzzled how to handle the irregular data appeared in Newton’s classical mechanics until the matrix became into being in the mathematics realm. (2) Acquiring new facts in one’s own field of study is as important as bringing in outside methods and information. The world in intricate in nature and hence requires us to use knowledge of various field to solve a problem.  
3        These two are mutually beneficial and helpful to each other.
4        In sum…

177 "The study of an academic discipline alters the way we perceive the world. After studying the discipline, we see the same world as before, but with different eyes."

Position: Agree.
1.        The study of any discipline is to enlighten us, and enable us to find facts about the world. The facts are the facts, and they won’t change with the time. Our perception may be wrong sometimes, and when it is corrected, we actually see the same world but with different eyes. What we always say that we see a different world is actually a metaphor that used to describe the world as if covered with unknown numerous layers of veils. And as soon as we get new ideas about the world, one layer is unveiled, and we seem to see a different world.
2        In the field of humanity. We used to feel angry and depressed about our trepidness/cowardness, and passing thoughts of evil. And after we have some idea on humanity, we have another view of ourselves and the poeple around us, a view that is more tolerant, more charitable.
3        In the field of social science. (1) Before we learn social science, we feel obliged to obey any laws. But when we get some knowledge of social science, we know that there are two kinds of laws, just and unjust. And we should obey just laws and disobey unjust. And we see the world with critically democratic view. So we are beginning to notice many flaws of the society and are able to provide our own suggestions and remarks. (2) And the study of history is surely to change our views of the world.
4        In the field of science. Many many examples.
5        In sum...

181"The way students and scholars interpret the materials they work with in their academic fields is more a matter of personality than of training. Different interpretations come about when people with different personalities look at exactly the same objects, facts, data, or events and see different things."
Position: Disagree. Interpretation is a combining result of both personality and training. And it is more of a personal matter in the humanity and social science field such as history, politics, anthropology, and economy. However it is more a matter of training than personality in the science field, such as physics, computer science, and electronics, that determine the way students and scholar interpret things.
1        Any interpretation is a combination of prefessional training and personal understanding.
2        In the field of social science and humanity. It is usually more a matter of personality than training. For example, when deciding the effect of a certain historical figure, a conservative historian may carry an eclectic view, however a historian who is a racist may even have a prejudice on those figures. A radical historian may take a radical view. And in the realm of economy, with the same economical phenomena, for example the great depression during the 1980’s.
3        However, in the science world, it has much more to do with training. (1) Physics, mathematics. Because these subjects are largely based on deduction, and logic. (2) But in some cases, for some newly discovered events, scientists have no predecessor to refer to, so they have to give assumption based on personality and traning as well.
4        In sum...

40"Scholars and researchers should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem."

Position: Disagree. Scholars and researcher should take into count whether their work has significant impact on people’s lives. And pursing only individual interest may lead to either controversial results or meanningless work.
1        Should taking into account whether their work has merit to the public. (1) The purpose of research is to enhance people’s lives with technology. (2) It is a waste of money if the final result cannot benefit the public. Such as space exploration. (3) Some problems are caused by undesirable research, and the researchers should be responsible for it and find ways to remedy it first.
2        Pursuing individual interest without consideration for public benefit and necessity may cause problem. (1) Controvsial results. (2) Wasting money. For example, some entomologists(昆虫学家) like to focus on why the shell of some snails are left-spinned while others are right-spinned. It is really intersting, but it does little good for the public. Too much concentration on this would be a waste of money.
3        However, in some cases, discoveries do come up when researchers are trying to pursue individual interest, and the research results do benefit a lot of people. For example, the invention of viagra which was invented to cure heart disease, but it turned out to have effect on ED actually.  
4        In sum,
73"In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge."

Positon: Agree. Imagination is indeed important to many professions and academic fields. However, there do exist some professions and academic fields that require strict conformity to the reality.
1        Imagination is an important feature of many professions and academic fields. (1) Imagination is helpful for people to find new things and is the key to be creative. For example, in the field of geometry, and particularly cubic geometry, a good sense of imagination is critical for effective learning. Another example is the profession of writers. (2) And in those fields that seem to place no requirement on imagination, imagination is indispensable too. For example, for a football player, he has to be imaginative too. Why? Sometimes, a rapid, surprising, and unpredictable pass or shoot  comes largely from an good sense of imagination. When the player is about to pass the ball, he forms a picture in his mind where and when his fellows may appear, and when he is about to shoot with his back pointing the gate, he has to imagine where the gate and gatekeeper is. Examples are abundant, for historians, archeologist.
2        However, for some professions, imagination is rarely emphasized. For example, a typist, what merit has imagination to him? For a driver, imagination cause only problems, and what he needs is to obey the rules.
3        In addition, imagination sometimes means a logical ratiocination. Detectors for example, based on limited clues, he must try his best to reform the situation when the cirme was committed.
4        In sum..

119"When research priorities are being set for science, education, or any other area, the most important question to consider is: How many people's lives will be improved if the results are successful?"

Position: Partially agree. The purpose of research is to improve people’s lives, so results must benefit the public. However, sometimes the results are unpredictable and even controversial though the research results could resolve many serious problems. Further more, it is not to say research should be done only for the majority, but sometimes we need take into account those vulnerable groups such as the disabled.
1        The purpose of research is to improve people’s life, so research must take into account of how many people would benefit from that.
2        The statement to some extent is misleading because it assumes we know the result before the research is successful. (1) Some researches are controversial (2)Some are so advanced that future result is unpredictable.
3        Benefit of minority must be considered as well.
4        In sum...

216"Most important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another."

Position: Disagree. Most discoveries or creations are the result of continuous efforts. However, it is true some discoveries are accidental.
1        Most discoveries are doomed and are results of continuous efforts and hardworking. (1) Discovery comes from research, and research is motivated by request and necessity of life. For example, the invention of telegram comes into being in the call for rapid and convenient communication. And on the demand for more convenient, more fast commnunication, there appears telephone. And car, airplane. Once the requirement is put forward, scientists and engineers of companies start to create the very thing that could satisfy the need. (2) Many discoveries and theories come from the attemp to find out answer or try to explain something. For example, The Theory of Relativity is a logical result of Albert Einsteins consistent research and speculation on light. This is not an accident, but a necessity.
2        However, there are a few inventions in the history that did find their birth in accident. (1) Watt’s invents of vapor machine. (2) Newton’s classic mechanics started from a falling apple in his head. (3) The discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming, he accidently found staphylococcus in his uncovered culture dish the staphylococcus was killed by penicilliums floating down from upstairs. And he discovered the killer of staphylococcus, penicillium. But the second and the third generation penicillin are improved and created on demand not by accident.
3        In sum...

9"Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use."

Position: Disagree. It is true that academic disciplines become specialized in recent years but it does not mean they reach only a narrow audience.
1        Admittedly, specialization is the trend when information becomes more and more overwhelming.
2        Cannot’ reach a wide audience does not harm its effectiveness.
3        However, sometimes, a narrow audience does prevent the use of these ideas.
4        In sum...

132"The university community consists of three different worlds—the sciences, the humanities, and the social sciences. Because each world operates on its own assumptions and has its own special habits of thinking, rarely is there meaningful interaction among the sciences, the humanities, and the social sciences."

Position: Partially agree. They do operate in their own field in many cases. But they do have meaningful interaction under certain circumstances.
1        As a result of their unique characteristic respectively, they have a systematic research approaches of their own. (1) humanity (2) social science. (3) humanity
2        However, they do have interactions. (1) Social science, such as economy, may bring mathematical approach into the study of economy for quantitive analysis. (2) Science research may take into account humanity issues and may have discussion even debate with scholars from humanity. For example, clone sturs interaction among all those three realms.
3        In sum...

4、"No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study."
有点类似132，各个学科有其独立性，也有其相关性
Position: Disagree. Every field of study advance largely on their own, and sometimes may introduce knowledge and experience from other field to facilitate its progress.
1        Most of the time, each academic study move ahead on their own. (1) Every field of study has its own assumptions and its own habit of thinking (2) The subject that every field of study concerns is oftendifferent. Simply put, if one field of study relies so much the other, it can simply be put to the field it depends as a sub-branch, and has no meaning of existence as a separate subject.
2        Undoubedly, obviously some fundamental subjects, such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, provide research base for many other field of study, as economy, biochemistry.
3        However, the world in nature is so interwined that knowledge of a single field is not enough to surfice it. (1) Biology introduce chemistry to fourish itself (2) physics introduce math as a powerful tool (3) As for acheology, a variety of subjects have been involved when trying to identified the relevant informaton about an unearthed antique.
4        In sum...

[ 本帖最后由 abstinent 于 2007-9-26 14:36 编辑 ]

abstinentUID: 137004

唉，发觉写的好烂，这一部分一定要狂查资料
什么humanity, 等等，似乎都没有话可说，太抽象了。
资料好像也不好查，题目没有针对性，不好找关键词。

tannieUID: 2338758

92. "In any academic area or professional field, it is just as important to recognize the limits of our knowledge and understanding as it is to acquire new facts and information." (难)
  
position: agree with reservation
1    On the one hand, the speaker’s assertion accords with everyday experience of working professionals.
2    Moreover, additional knowledge we gain by collecting more information often diminishes—sometimes to the point where marginal gains turn to marginal losses.
3      On the other hand, the speaker’s assertion seems self-contradictory.

177. "The study of an academic discipline alters the way we perceive the world. After studying the discipline, we see the same world as before, but with different eyes." （难）

position: agree
1    Academic knowledge does change us a lot by making us see the same world in different way.
2    Academic discipline provides us with various new methodologies to interpret the world. It can reshape our understanding of the reality and many natural phenomena as well as enable us to close to the truth. It helps us refrain from these flaws and absurd notions, such as lightning is the result of the anger of God, earth is the pivot of the universe, the shape of the earth is flat. 3    The study of an academic discipline not only alters but limits the way we perceive the world. To the same world, different people with different academic knowledge background might have the different explanations. If the way we perceive the world cannot tell us the nature of the world, we should try to learn new disciplines and change our view of the world.
4    However, we should not always blind worship the authorized knowledge. We should learn it with critical methods. Only keep suspecting, can we make a continuous development of academic discipline. e.g. Giordano Bruno

181. "The way students and scholars interpret the materials they work with in their academic fields is more a matter of personality than of training. Different interpretations come about when people with different personalities look at exactly the same objects, facts, data, or events and see different things."

position: disagree
1    The key factor in their interpretation is a person’s training and educational background, rather than personality.
2    Assuming that by personality the speaker embraces such personal attributes as individual temperament, disposition and general mood, and outlook, it seems to me that personality has little bearing on how students and scholars interpret the materials with which they work.
3    In sharp contrast, one’s educational background and training can serve as a strong influence on how one interprets historical events involving human affairs, statistical data, and especially art.
4    Educational training and background also affects how students and scholars interpret seemingly objective statistical data.
5    Finally, when it comes to how students and scholars interpret art, training and educational background plays an especially significant role.

40. "Scholars and researchers should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem."
position: agree
1    Scholars and researchers should pursue their researches based on their own interests. At the same time, contributions to the whole society should also be considered.
2    Scholars cannot be left to decide which areas of academic inquiry are worthwhile. Nor can regulators and legislators.
3    Secondly, by human nature we are motivated to pursue those activities in which we excel.
4   Thirdly, it is “idiosyncratic” and “unusual” avenues of inquiry that lead to greatest contributions to society.

73. "In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge."

position: balanced view
1    Both imagination and knowledge are important for most professions and academic fields.
2    On the one hand, without imagination, one can hardly succeed in any field. Imagination in business is the ability to perceive opportunity.
3    In science, imagination leads to invention and discoveries. Without imagination, there would be no art.
4    On the other hand, knowledge is also crucial for all kinds of fields.

119. "When research priorities are being set for science, education, or any other area, the most important question to consider is: How many people's lives will be improved if the results are successful?"
position: balanced view
1   I agree researches which can result in immediate and significant benefits for society should take a priority. Yet, strictly followed the speaker’s recommendation would have a harmful chilling effect on research and new knowledge.
2   Admittedly, scientific research whose societal benefits are immediate, predictable, and profound should continue to be a high priority.
3   However, this is not to say that research whose benefits are less immediate or clear should be given lower priority. First of all, if we strictly follow the speaker’s suggestion, we cannot decide which areas of research are more worthwhile than others. Researchers, of course, should not be left to decide.
4   Secondly, to compel all researchers to focus only on certain areas would be to force many to waste their true talents.
5   Thirdly, it is difficult to predict which research avenues will ultimately lead to the greatest contributions to society.

216. "Most important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another."

position: disagree with reservation
1    There were indeed lots of discoveries came out by accident. Yet, we could not say according to the accidental events, many creations are brought out by carefully designs.
2    Turning first to discoveries, I agree that discovery often occurs when we unexpectedly happen upon something in our quest for something else—such as an answer to unrelated question or a solution to an unrelated problem.
3    Many important discoveries are anticipated and sought out purposefully.
3    In marked contrast to discoveries, creations are by nature products of their creator’s purposeful designs.

9. "Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use."

position: disagree
1   The speaker oversimplifies the issue of academic influence on society.
2   It is true that academic disciplines have become so specialized nowadays that some scholar’s seemingly idiosyncratic ideas only reach a narrow audience.
3   It is also true that social scientists’ failing to reach the large public makes it impossible for their ideas to contribute to society.
4   Nevertheless, scholars in certain realms are doomed to live in an isolated and purely academic world, which does not necessarily mean that their ideas will have little use.

132. "The university community consists of three different worlds----the sciences, the humanities, and the social sciences. Because each world operates on its own assumptions and has its own special habits of thinking, rarely is there meaningful interaction among the sciences, the humanities, and the social sciences."

position: disagree
1    Though sciences, humanities and social sciences are different realms, we can not separate them clearly.
2    Admittedly, the university community regards the three different academic endeavors as separate realms.
3    Actually, the three fields are intrinsically interrelated to each other.
4    Combining the relevant methods used respectively in the three fields will be of great help to our study and learning.

4. "No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study."

position: agree
1    There is no doubt that different disciplines are interrelated and that the knowledge of one field can shed light on the studies of other fields.
2    Interaction and collision among different disciplines can emerge in new cross—disciplines which might promote the advance of the former disciplines inversely. E.g. Knowledge of statistics was introduced into the fields of sociology and history, contributing to the researchers in those fields. biochemistry, biophysics, molecular genetics
3    Knowledge and experience from outsiders can provide different aspects of thinking, and may lead to inspiration, creation, and new discoveries.
4    Without the help of other fields’ knowledge and experience, it is hardly for any field advance significantly. engineer

[ 本帖最后由 tannie 于 2007-9-26 19:09 编辑 ]

tannieUID: 2338758

Jack时间写错了，是24号的，呵呵
我写得更烂，例子少得可怜，这两天速度变慢了，惭愧

abstinentUID: 137004

应该是25号才对，呵呵
tannie把时间改改吧
btw,昨天真的是不想写了，可是咬咬牙，坚持  
后面还有更难的，我记得
要到5+还是要很下一番功夫的
不要放松，大家加油！

tannieUID: 2338758

时间改好了，呵呵。
主要是题库的量太大了，我还要写ARGU啊，不能掉以轻心。
坚持

abstinentUID: 137004

220"The increase in knowledge is forcing people to specialize. As a result, the distance between fields of specialization has become so vast that specialists in different areas are rarely able to influence each other."

Position: Partially agree.
1        The increase of knowledge and information produces specialization in many fields of study. (1) It is a natural result of gradually increasing information. It requires indepth knowledge in all areas of study, and nobody has so much energy to master every details in each field. (2) Specialization produces increasingly obvious chasm between them. (3) Specialists are indispensable for this era.
2        However, although the subject each field of study focuses is different, there do exsit meaningful interaction between these seemingly separate fields of specialization. (例子很多)
3        Finally, we may be aware that although specialists are important to our era, generalists play a vital role in our era as well. (简要说明)
4        In sum...

217"In order to produce successful original work, scholars and scientists must first study the successful work of others to learn what contributions remain to be made."

Position: Agree.
1        Learning is a process in which we first imitate others to absorb nutrients from others and then develop our own thinking habit and ways of learning. (Give a brief introduction of the process of learning by indicating that learning in any field starts from a thorough study of the knowledge accumulated by predecessors of that field)
2        On the one hand, learning the successful work is important. (1) Forming a systematic knowledge frame as soon as possible and avoid wasting time on long established rules. (2) Imitate the way predecessors look at things and their thinking habits. (3) Knowing what remains to be done or to be modified or to be enhanced.
3        On the other hand, learning the unsuccessful work is helpful as well.  (1) Learning unsuccessful work prevents us from the same mistakes.
4        To produce truly original work, getting new knowledge is as important as studying the previous successful work. Scholars without an craving for acquiring new facts and knowledge will not produce original work at all. Scholars should develop their own to produce an original work. And there is an old saying that I paraphrase as ‘There is no real progress without breaking existing rules’. Therefore ...
5        Finally, scholars should not be dependent on former work and need to be critical and take a skeptical point of view on it. In this way, they would not be restricted by predetermined boundaries and are more likely to develop original work.
6        In sum...

53"College and university education should be free for all students, fully financed by the government."

Position: Disagree. It is the government’s responsibility to make sure all its citizens are enrolled in school and have good education. And the government should fund education. However, whether education should be fully financed by the government is controversial, and in my opinion, there should be two kinds of schools. One is public founded schools and private schools. And public schools should be fully funded by the government while the private schools are only partly financed. And the rate of public schools and private schools should be carefully measured.
1        Providing citizens opportunity of education, and funding education is the responsibility of any government. Give brief explanation of the importance of education and government’s obligation of funding education. The necessity of funding. (1) Make students free from economical pressure and concentrate on their study.
2        It is impossible and inappropriate for any government to fully fund university education. (1) Cost too much (2)  No pressure for students is not necessarily a good thing for them. They may not cherish the opportunity.
3        My opinion is to set up two kinds of universities. One is fully funded public schools whose faculty resource is  common, and the other is partly funded private schools whose educational resource is better. And in this case, for people who don’t have enough money they could apply for state funded schools which cost less, and for people who would like to receive better education, they have chance to make it.
4        In sum...

102"For better or worse, education is a process that involves revising the ideas, beliefs, and values people held in the past.

Position: Disagree. Education is a process that creates an atmosphere of free thoughts and speech which enables students to develop their own ideas, values. And of course some previously held values, ideas, or beliefs do get revised in this process.
1        Education passes down previous ideas to the students and do not give too much suggestion on whether it is right or wrong and leaves to the students’ decision. Education primarily creates free atmosphere for students.
2        However, some values do get revised during the process of education.
3        Finally, there are long established values and ideas that won’t be revised. Such as honesty, loyalty to the country and friends.
4        In sum...

104"It is primarily through formal education that a culture tries to perpetuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears."

Position: Partly agree. Education acts only one of the many ways a culture uses to perpetuate its favorable value while discrediting what it fears.
1        Admittedly, education is a process which passes down values and ideas, and therefore may act as a way the culture transfer its favorable values while eliminating its horrible values. (1) Democracy is widely spread around the United States. And education provides tons of opportunities to implant this favorable values to its students, such daily debate during the class, and various students union, clubs. (2) Conformity to and respect for one’s parents is the value the chinese culture values, and the students are usually taught to obey to their parents. (3) Japan eliminates its historical sin during the World War II from the history text books for fear that they may lose respect from their citizens.
2        However, ideas and values can be distributed through many other ways such as literature work, music, films, even traditional rituals or ceremonies. (1) The famous American John Denvor wrote many songs in praise of freedom. And they are not discarded over time by culture selection, and are still popular today because it is what the culture favors (2)  And democracy has been long rooted in the constitution of the United States. Here culture uses law to perpetuate what it emphasizes. (3) And many cities in China, many traditional ceremonies or rituals during which people worship the the god have been disappearing gradually. It is not so much a result of education as a outcome of increasing civilization.
3        In sum...

112"Some educational systems emphasize the development of students' capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions."

Position: Agree. Education should find a balance between reasoning training and emotional exploring.
1        Admittedly, logical reasoning training plays a vital role in the education system and is very helpful to the students’ future development.
2        However, Emotional awareness is more important in my opinion. From the very time the human appeared, they began to wonder where they came from and where they would go. It is obviously an initial emotional exploration. And it is more important than reasoning for the following reasons: (1) Without a definite sense of who we are and where we would go, we could achieve nothing though we may have strong capacity of logical reasoning.  (2) Greece, which is said to be the cradle of human civilization, was full of great thinkers in the history, such as Aristotles, Platon, Sokrates. They were all emotionally strong. (3) Logical reasoning and thinking are tools for exploring ones emotion. (4) Many human achievement comes from imagination which is more a matter of emotion than reasoning.
3        In sum...

128"It is often asserted that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. In reality, however, formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free."

Position: Partially agree. The purpose of education on one hand is to pass down intellectual heritage to the next generation, and on the other hand to set the students’ mind and spirit free, and to provide an atmosphere for the students to develop their own ideas. And passing down existing knowledge is not to restrain their mind, but to provide them with a solid intellectual background. As a matter of fact, we have done well to set our student’s mind free.
1        Admittedly, freeing mind and our spirit is one of the education’s purpose. (1) Only free mind can question, challenge, and create, and only through free mind can our society develop. (2) Free mind makes the world more diverse.
2        But we should not ignore another purpose of education, that is to pass down existing knowledges which have been proved correct at least for the moment. (1) Knowledges are overwhelming now, one cannot find out facts all by oneself but should stand on the shoulder of previous giants. (2) Accepting these these knowledge and facts does not necessarily restrain our minds as long as we carry certain skepticism toward what we have learned. After all, many great discoveries came from reexamination of established facts. (3) Most of our great predecessors were all free thinkers who had free spirit. (4) However, we have to concede that students that accept passively without thinking over again do become victims of education, but can we say it is the fault of education?
3        In fact, we have done well in liberating our students minds. (1) Daily debate during class (2) We have more and more social problems concerning the juvenile. It is just a result of education that focuses on setting minds free. And therefore, some experts even argue that education has given the students too much freedom. For example, juvenile delinquency, drug abuse, moral depravity. If we have had restrained the students well, how could these tough problems happen? They would sit quietely in the classroom and listen to the teacher. And we need look no further at any American classroom, the students are so lively and actively involve in the debate or something. That is for sure a natural outcome of free spirits.
4        In sum...

130"How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society."

观点：bringing up children is vital to the destiny of society, but not the only factor, 成人的development也非常重要。我们在raising children方面已经做的很多，很有成果，但是还不够，有很多不足。
1.        children raising is vital. 原因，很多很多。。。。socializing means 知识积累，人际交往，心理健康，合作竞争意识，环保意识，创新精神，批判精神。
2.        adults 也很重要。社会的今天决定了明天，作为今天支柱的adults如果得不到很好的发展，那么明天也就in danger了。成人问题，pressure, depression, unemployment, health, marriage, career development, 成人社会风气对下一代有影响。
3.        raising children 成果很多。例子，社会的持续创新，进步表明了成果。我们对儿童的关注从以前的physical health 已经过度到psychological health,更加深入了，开始研究儿童心理学，行为学，开始关注children society的问题，开发智力方面做的很好
4.        但是也有不足，如juvenile delinquency, drug abuse, teenage violation, abortion, 颓废啊，等等，都是问题。但这不表明我们做的不好，只是表明总是有新的问题在出现。
5.        总结。。。。

134"Students should be encouraged to realize that mental agility and rhetorical skill must be accompanied by sincerity and the true conviction of their own beliefs."
（难）
Position: Partially agree.
1        Mental agility and rhetorical skill are important. Anyone who wants to become successful must be mentally agile and rhetorically fluent. (1) Mental agility is important. (2) Rhetorical skill is important.
2        However, pure skills without sincerity may be harmful to the students. (1) Those skills without sincerity make people like a chameleon, and give other people an impression of shiftiness. Nobody wants to deal with slick people.
3        In sum...

191"Education should be equally devoted to enriching the personal lives of students and to training students to be productive workers."

Position: Disagree with reservation. Education should take into account both of enriching the students lives and training them to be productive workers. However, it is education’s final goal to provide students atmosphere of free thinking which helps them develop their own ideas.
1        Trained to be productive is important. (1) Live on their selves , and function well in the society. Schools should teach students basic skills they could rely on to live themselves (2) It is an outcome of educational investment. If students cannot contribute to the prosperity of society, the investment on education is ineffective.
2        Enriching students lives is necessary. (1) By enriching their lives, schools prevent student from crimes, and depravity. If students become interested in music, art, or any other healthy hobbies, one the one hand their lives would be colorful, and on the other hand they would keep away from deleterious habits such as drug abuse, crime. (2) Reduce academic pressure, and keep them happy, and make them tolerant. A happy mind facilitates study and reduces pressure. People under pressure do worse than people in high spirit. And at the same time, there would be less conflict among students.
3        However, we should not forget the ultimate goal of education, that is to make a free environment in which students could develop their own ideas, values and form their own personalities. (例子很多，上面有几题都是说这个)
4        In sum, it is necessary for education to enrich students lives and as well as prepare them for productive workers. However, what is more important is to set their minds and spirits free.

Emily0817UID: 2310463

对不住大家 前两天不是宿舍上不了网就是电脑出问题...也不知道到今天该写哪些题了 先把这两天写的发上来 大家多提提意见哈~

Emily0817UID: 2310463

教育目的
130"How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society."
1 socialize is important know how to team work with others and communicate with is good for one’s and the society’s development.
2 we have achieved some in education(cultured lots of elites).
3 but there are also some weak point in today’s （put too much focus on grades ）
4 moreover the individual’s interests cannot be ignored (play one ability and potential fully)
       
134"Students should be encouraged to realize that mental agility and rhetorical skill must be accompanied by sincerity and the true conviction of their own beliefs."
Agree:
1 admit that mental agility and rhetorical skill is important to measure one’s achievement, but only accompany sincerity can get the real achievement
2 sincerity

191"Education should be equally devoted to enriching the personal lives of students and to training students to be productive workers."
Agree:
1 one purpose of education is culture student’s ability to deal with the problems in life. It is good the for the development of students (the meaning of basic education: history physics or chemistry)
2 another purpose of education is nurture a valuable person to the society. It is good for the development of society (the meaning of further education )

201"The purpose of education should be to provide students with a value system, a standard, a set of ideas—not to prepare them for a specific job."
Both of idea and specific job are important
1 the ability in a specific job is the foundation to find a job and make living in the society; and the progression of a society is propel by different professional workers in specific fields
2 value system, a set of ideas can help to deal with the problem outside the specific skills (the basic principle to deal with problems, to get alone with other person), and a important element to measure one’s value (moral, the view to the life)

222"Learning for learning's sake is an outdated concept. Today, education must serve an ulterior purpose and be directed toward clear goals."
Agree:
1 here “learning for learning” can be understand as learning just for acquire high scores. Although high score is an effective measurement of the students learning ability or examing ability
2 but is not the purpose of the learning. The purpose should be
1) find one’s potential and interesting set a goal of future
2) learn the ideas, spirits, research methods from the predecessor
3) can make contribution to the society and know how to lead a good life

232"The purpose of education should be to create an academic environment that is separate from the outside world. This kind of environment is ideal because it allows students to focus on important ideas without being held back by practical concerns."
Disagree:
1 focus on one’s primary subject and regardless of the trivial is right
2 but this not means separate from the outside world
1) nowadays, no great achievement is acquired only by the knowledge in one field, (DNA; land on moon; )
2) for a student it is more important to know outside world, broaden view, absorb new ideas and new technology, find errors immediately
3 the purpose is to teach student how to absorb useful information while focus on one’ own important goals

39"The intellectual benefits of attending a university or college are vastly overrated: most people could learn more by studying and reading on their own for four years than by pursuing a university or college degree."
Disagree:
1 although learn by oneself have some good points: focus on interests, use the more suitable method (Edison, Lincoln, Faraday )
2 the university provide sth which cannot be placed
1) broaden one’s view : touch to the master’s thought, learn good ideas, technique, useful method from them. Library: the opportunity to dabble different fields
2) more sociable: get along with different people,
3 even those genius who learning by themselves very well get into university to accept professional education finally. (bill gates )

教育与社会
52"Education encourages students to question and criticize, and therefore does little to promote social harmony."
Disagree:
1 criticize promote the society progress:
        1) politics: help the government find potential problem
2) science: the foundation to make new discovery; the study more deeply and get new achievement.
2 encourage students question reason and after deep thought
        1) criticizing without thinking is harmful to absorb true knowledge and promote
        2) criticizing unreason will cause disturb and unsettle
       
67"Colleges should require students to engage in public-service activities in order to assure that each student receives a balanced, well-rounded education."
Agree
Many good points in public-service activities
1 know the social conditions better, experience the job life
2 get touch into different kinds of person
3 nurture the sense of responsibility, sympathy

78"Schools should be required to teach the essential interconnectedness of all human beings and thus help eliminate wars, cultural clashes, and other forms of conflict.
Partly agree
1 teach the interconnectedness is necessary
1)　know how to work with other person is good for the team and good the individual’s benefit
2)  how to communicate with different people, get information and help from others and
2 only this cannot eliminate wars or conflict but can make the conflict as little as possible
1) different culture, background, experience make the different value and view, totally same is impossible
2) different interests requirement cause the conflict

Emily0817UID: 2310463

教育与社会
154"Both parents and communities must be involved in the local schools. Education is too important to leave solely to a group of professional educators."
Agree: school is mainly educate in technology and knowledge but parents and community is about the behavior and thoughts
1parents’ importance
1)        know children’s strait and thoughts better
2)        easy communicate
2communities’ importance
1)        living environment, touch different person develop different character
2)        the media and the stars can influence teenagers thought deeply

创新性
198"Instead of encouraging conformity, society should show greater appreciation of individual differences."
Partly agree
1 individual difference is important
        1) development one’s interests
2) the social multiplicity is good for the society’s development: every field have professional workers, and progression
2 but the conformity should be encouraged also, undue individualism is harmful
        1) politics: cause war, inflicts if no compromise; cannot make a plan to solve problem effectively
        2) science: averse the truth obstruct the progression; no mixture of idea

238"Conformity almost always leads to a deadening of individual creativity and energy."
Disagree:
1 concede in some degree, to conformity must give up one’s idea  
2 but conformity is not discrepancy to creativity
1) conformity is the mixture of every person’s good ideas and respect everyone’s view
2) follow the conformity is good the for every individuals (more harmony, more effective, better environment to creation)

59"Too much emphasis is placed on role models. Instead of copying others, people should learn to think and act independently and thus make the choices that are best for them."
Partly agree:
1 the power of model cannot be overlooked (virtue, inspire, experience)
2 learn to think independently is significant
1) successful person are common person too , not every aspect of them is deserve to learn
2)creation is crucial to the society and science development, everyone has distinctive character find a way suit to oneself is right.

173"Originality does not mean thinking something that was never thought before; it means putting old ideas together in new ways."
Agree:
1 any new idea is based on the former knowledge
2 nowadays bring out some new ideas that nobody has thought about is difficult
        1) education developed a lot
        2) information communicate easy
3 put old things together in new way or make some changes in old methods can be seen as a creation, if it can get new achievement, make new discovery and benefits the world.

187"It is easy to welcome innovation and accept new ideas. What most people find difficult, however, is accepting the way these new ideas are put into practice."
disagree:
1 new ideas is not always easy accepted when against the authority
Art: Copernicus; Van Gogh
Politics: Gay and lesbian rights
2 put new ideas into practice is not always difficult when the new ideas accepted by the masses it is easy put them into practice  
         

75"The people who make important contributions to society are generally not those who develop their own new ideas, but those who are most gifted at perceiving and coordinating the talents and skills of others."
Partly agree:
1 actually in any fields, most of the great achievement were required by coordinating the talents and skills of others
1) science: no matter which subject the new progress or discovery are based on the accumulation of the formers knowledge and make some changes or creations ( Einstein, Pasteur)
2)art: even someone have the distinguished thought or creative skill but more or less they must have some basis of the  skill and   
3)politics: the great lead make the new decision or reform policy is base on the former err or not proper ones and absorb the successful experiences

教育方法
78"Schools should be required to teach the essential interconnectedness of all human beings and thus help eliminate wars, cultural clashes, and other forms of conflict."
前面有重复的

233"Although innovations such as video, computers, and the Internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies all too often distract from real learning."
Partly agree
1 really offer improvement
        1)more information, different understanding and ideas to one subject, inspiratoin
        2)more vivid, so more close to the real learning(in astrology, biology)
2 use it properly will not distract
        1) some subject (maths, literature) need
        2) not indicted in it and regard them as a learning ancillary nor an entertainment.


其中，第141题"Most people recognize the benefits of individuality, but the fact is that personal economic success requires conformity" 还没有确定好观点和合适的例子 不知道大家对这题怎么理解的。
现在觉得兼顾学习和杀G真的好累 大家是不是也是这个感觉啊  一起加油~

[ 本帖最后由 Emily0817 于 2007-9-27 16:30 编辑 ]

tannieUID: 2338758

220. "The increase in knowledge is forcing people to specialize. As a result, the distance between fields of specialization has become so vast that specialists in different areas are rarely able to influence each other." (与132较象，抽象，难)

position: disagree
1   Overspecialization in the academic world is liable to exert negative impacts on academic research in various fields, which makes it necessary for education to encourage interdisciplinary studies. Different areas can influence each other more and more with specialization.
2   The dramatic increase in knowledge today has made it impossible for any one to keep pace with the latest developments in all academic fields. As a result, specialists in different areas tend to focus only on their own area of study.
3   However, this overspecialization is harmful not only academically but also socially.
4   Schools should aim at cultivating not only specialists but also generalists.





217. "In order to produce successful original work, scholars and scientists must first study the successful work of others to learn what contributions remain to be made."

position: agree with reservation
1     Naturally, to make new contribution in any field of study, scholars and scientists should first master the existing work done by their fellow scholars and scientists.
2     No one can produce any original work without first assimilating the contributions of former generations in his or her field.
3     The defects of the work of other scholars and scientists are where we can possibly make our contributions.
4     In a large sense, what is called “original” work is usually but an improvement on the work done by previous scholars and scientist.

53. "College and university education should be free for all students, fully financed by the government."
  
position: agree
1     Government should fully finance the college and university education.
2     Proving all students with higher education puts them on equal footing with each other when they enter society—a precondition of equal opportunity for all members of society. High tuition of college and university will inhibit elites have the opportunity to take advanced education.
3     In order to pay the high tuition, students have to take jobs outside the campus. That will take out their precious time of studying and doing research.
4     Investment in education is always a wise choice for a nation. The amount of money needed by universities may be a burden to the government. While it is only a small percent of a nation’s Gross Domestic Product, and will surely be compensated by the graduates in the future through the way of income taxation.


102. "For better or worse, education is a process that involves revising the ideas, beliefs, and values people held in the past."

position: partially agree
1   Education is far more involved than just revising people’s old ideas, beliefs and values.
2   Education often inputs, rather than revise, ideas and values to people’s mind.
3   The ultimate purpose of education is to teach the young generation how to confront the challenges of the present.

104. "It is primarily through formal education that a culture tries to perpetuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears." (难)

position: disagree
1    Education is an effective way for a society to perpetuate ideas. I can not agree with the assertion that society should only perpetuate the ideas which is favored by the society.
2    Formal education plays an important role in perpetuating the ideas of a society. We do use education when we want tell something to our children. Such as honest, brave…
3    We can not overstate the position of formal education. Family education is important too.
4    Formal education should aim at teaching students logical thinking, life skills, and so on, instead of perpetuating the ideas which are favored by the society.
5    We could not tell the ideas which are feared by the society do not have value. e.g. evolution theory




112. "Some educational systems emphasize the development of students' capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions."

position: agree
1     While I concede that in certain fields students are well served by nurturing their emotions and feelings, in most academic disciplines it is by cultivating intellect rather than emotions that students master their discipline and, in turn, gain a capacity to contribute to the well-being of society.
2     I agree with the speaker insofar as undue emphasis on reason and logical thinking can have a chilling effect on the any realms of study. e.g. Newton,
3     Aside from its utility in the study and research, however, the exploration of emotions has little place in educational systems. e.g. arts, so many examples
4     Indeed, on a systemic scale undue emphasis on the exploration of our emotions can have deleterious societal consequences. Emotions invite irrationality in thought and action, the danger of which are all too evident in contemporary world history.


128. "It is often asserted that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. In reality, however, formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free."
  
position: disagree with reservation
1    Some people might argue that the overwhelming curriculum of schools would restrain our mind and spirit. However, if deficient in knowledge, absolute free mind will lead to total simplicity and naivety.
2    Formal education plays a very important role in the process of freeing the mind and spirit. Basic knowledge, which can only be attained through formal education, is the prerequisite for freeing people’s mind and spirit.

130. "How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society."
  
position: disagree
1    The claim that society’s destiny hinges on how children are socialized, while appealing in some respects, is an over-statement at best. And the claim that we have not yet learned how to raise children who can better society is poorly supported by empirical evidence.
2    Unless a child is allowed sufficient opportunities for healthy interaction with peers, that child is likely to grow into an ineffectual, perhaps even an anti-social, adult.
3    However, socialization is only one factor influencing the extent to which an individual will ultimately contribute to a better society.
4    Turning to the second claim, if we define a “better” society as one characterized by greater tolerance of differing viewpoints and people who are different from ourselves, greater respect for individual rights, and greater cooperation across cultural and national boundaries, then the children of the most recent half-century are creating a better society. 电影分级限制

134. "Students should be encouraged to realize that mental agility and rhetorical skill must be accompanied by sincerity and the true conviction of their own beliefs." (难)

position: reservation
1    Our belief about what we are and what can be precisely determine what we will be.
2    However, today’s education gives too much stress to mental agility and rhetorical skills, which are skin-deep compared to sincerity and true conviction of beliefs.

191. "Education should be equally devoted to enriching the personal lives of students and to training students to be productive workers."

position: agree
1   In my view, preparing students for the mundane aspects of work should be secondary to providing a broader education that equips students with historical and cultural perspective, as well as thoughtful and principled personal value systems and priorities.
2   One reason why educators should emphasize personal enrichment over job preparation is that rote technical knowledge and skill do not help a student determine which goals in life are worthwhile and whether the means of attaining those goals are ethically or morally acceptable.
3   Another reason why educators should emphasize personal enrichment over job preparation is that specific knowledge and skills needed for jobs are changing more and more quickly.
4   A third reason why educators should emphasized personally enriching course work—particularly anthropology, sociology, history, and political philosophy—is that these courses help students understand, appreciate and respect other people and their viewpoints.

tannieUID: 2338758

这两天的提纲写得都不太好。
这些题目以抽象类的居多啊。
emily我们是按照分类提纲写的，在以前的帖子里有，你可以下来，看我们写到哪里了。
如果找不到那个帖子，问我和JACK谁要下提纲都可以的，呵呵。

abstinentUID: 137004

https://bbs.gter.net/viewthre ... 5%D1%A7%C9%E7%A1%BF

Emily0817UID: 2310463

是那个excel的表格的分类吧？ 我已经看到了哈 那两个帖子就是按那里的分类写的都注明了 是哪类里的了 不过好像和大家的进度不太一样， 我会尽快调整的~