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本帖最后由 i2000s 于 2009-6-7 09:39 编辑
第二篇。需要大量压缩。。。这个我要跟你学学 呵呵
013 Many of the world's lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer and fewer people speak them. The governments of countries in which these languages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from becoming extinct.
昨天写的。
"At lest half of the total more than 6000 human languages in the world", said by Min Bista, an officer of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in the 10th International Mother Language Day annual meeting, "are facing extinction. And recent study suggests that 90% human languages will disappear in the planet by the year of 2050." As most people do, I sincerely agree that it's time for governments to do something to prevent the world's disappearing languages from extinction.
Irreversibly, if language disappears, so will the national culture and thoughts, both of which are all based on it. The first list, things in which will unavoidably disappear in abreast of the language extinction, may include folk stories, fairy tale, hero sagas, fables, rhythmic poems, folk music, riddles, drama, as well as the history of ethnic groups, frequently passed down by generations in their own language, especially in oral formation, all of which severely dependent on the language transmitting them. Characterized rituals and national thoughts system will also vanish, which may ultimately lead to the degeneration and monotony of human society and human minds. Hence we can borrow less and less inspiration of social development from the gradually weakened cultural diversity, and may never repeat the gloriously cultural prosperity and rapidly developing times as Roman Empire who had learnt much from Greece, as Arab Empire who had referenced much from Roman, as medieval Europe who had simulated much from Arab, or as the Renaissance Europe who had exemplified much from the Byzantine Empire.
In fact, advancement of society indeed intensifies the assimilation of ethnic groups and languages. In the expansive Empire times, Britain, French, Spanish, Portugal and other wealthy empires not only brought their advanced technologies to the colony, but also transfused the aboriginals with the empire's cultural ideals and languages, which accelerated the extinction of indigenous language and culture. When history brands its footprints onto the early morning of the 21st century, here comes the overwhelming globalization, which urges no less than before seeking the universal language to facilitate the transaction in the global market. More and more indigenous people are wallowed into the economic society and learning official language, or even abandoning their mother tongue to pursue better livehood. We cannot stop the formed tide of English learning all over the world, but we should respect deeply into the cause of language extinction to call for a halt of culture monotony trend.
The decreasing number of people speak the less-known language may be only a superficial phenomena of language extinction, some profound forces, be it internal or external, actually compel the process marching on and on. Along with the globalization mentioned above, especially the popularization of internet and cell phones, as well as the increasing mobility of population, inevitably expands the opportunity of mutual communication among various kinds of people, in which the minority people may found severe discrimination and seclusion and hence may feel sham and unnecessary to speak their own ethnic language in public occasions. This may be easier happened to young people than the senior ones, the former of who have eager desire of equality in daily lives and the strong ability to learn new languages. Such force is unremittingly pushing the young generation to give up their mother language and hence turns out with fewer and fewer people speaking it after several generations. A vivid example can be token to the Manchu that belongs to an used popular language in Qing Dynasty of China, 200 year ago, but now an in danger language with only less than 1000 people speak it, most of which is senior people, and the number of the nationality should speak it is now more than 10 million. What a large contrast between the numbers! And by far, India and the United States of America, both of which are believed with the most disequilibrium nationality developments, have become the top two countries with the largest number of in danger languages in the world. How can we halt the trend of the language extinction?
What the governments of the countries in which these dying out languages are spoken should not only focus their sights onto persuading more people to speak the language in danger, but also should onto protecting the culture diversity, providing equal development opportunities to the indigenous peoples, and emphasizing favorable policies on the younger people, for only all of them carried on as a whole can prevent more languages from extinction fundamentally. Bilingual educations should be popularized in young generation of the minority peoples. Websites, cell phones, public signs in diverse languages should also be designed comprehensively. Policies emphasized on ethnic equality should be carried on firmly. Measurements, such as cultural tour, to enlarge indigenous people's income should be intensified. Even more, researches on national language, culture and multiple languages automatic translator should also be financially supported much more than before. So as the UNESCO set the February 21st as the International Mother Language Day ten years ago, I believes, with several years' practical collaboration of governments all around the world, we can undoubtedly prevent more languages from sliding into danger. |
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