Round and Round We Go
A study in the journal Current Biology verifies the proposition that people in a featureless environment will wind up walking in circles.
Maybe it’s happened to you. You go for a walk in the woods and, after wandering around for a few hours trying to find your way back to the car, you realize that you’ve basically been walking in circles. Well, you’re not alone. Because scientists have found that, in the absence of visible landmarks or cues from the sun, people who are lost can’t walk a straight line.
The “disoriented traveler walking in circles” is faithfully trotted out in many fictional works. So scientists decided to put the tale to the test. They plopped six people into a German forest and told them to try to walk straight. And they monitored their subjects’ progress by GPS.
trot out:
Bring out and show for inspection and admiration, as in He trotted out all his old war medals. This expression alludes to leading out a horse to show off its various paces, including the trot. plop:To drop or set heavily, with or as if with a plopping sound: plopped the child into the stroller.
When the day was cloudy, the wanderers indeed walked in circles, but not by turning consistently in one direction. Instead they veered randomly left and right, repeatedly crossing their own paths. But when the subjects could see the sun, they maintained an almost straight course. And the same was true when volunteers were dropped into the Sahara Desert during the day and at night, results published in the journal Current Biology.
So if you want to walk the straight and narrow, especially after dark, don’t count on your conscience to guide you. Get a compass.
【我的综合写作样版】The lecture is discussing the effects ofworking a four-day week, which completely differ from the main idea of thereading passage. It is said in the lecture that working a four-day week willonly bring disadvantages to the company, as well as to the individuals,contrary to the belief in the passage that such policy will benefit the economyas a whole and the individual companies and the employees.
First of all, the speaker thinks thatworking a four-day week and employing more workers will make the company spendmore on medical payments, and it also require the company for more office spaceand more computers. In contrast, the reading passage believes that such policywill increase the company’s profits.
Second, the speaker argues that such policywill make the company ask the employees to do overtime jobs everyday to finishthe work amount under the normal condition in one week. So there is no need toemploy more employees, hence bringing no new jobs for others. Such consequencescontradict what is stated in the reading that it would reduce the unemploymentrates.
Finally, the speaker raises the issue thatit will bring the employee with many disadvantages as to the promotion in thecareer even to the employment of the current job. Because when the companyneeds to decrease the number of workers, the company will consider the workerswho only work four days in a week first. So they are easy to lose their currentjob. The same is true for the promotion of the employee in the company.However, in the passage, such policy will improve the quality of lives byspending the extra time with their families, pursuing private interests, orenjoying leisure activities.
So the contents in the reading passage aretotally jeopardized by the speaker and the speaker has completely differentideas on the topics made in the reading.
Rice Really Rises to the Occasion
A study in the journal Nature reports the discovery of rapid growth genes in rice varieties that can withstand flooding by quickly rising above the new water line. Engineering other strains to include the "snorkel" genes could help rice yields.
You’ve probably seen pictures of farmers wading(wade涉水) ankle deep through waterlogged(waterlog:涝灾;使浸满水) rice paddies(paddy:水稻;水稻田). Rice, it seems, is a crop that likes it wet. But if the water gets too deep, the plants can actually drown(淹死). To help rescue sinking rice, Japanese scientists have discovered a pair of genes that allow(我们在表示使得这个意思的时候,总是make什么的,词穷,这个allow也是这个意思) inundated plants to keep their heads above water.
Most of the high-yield rice varieties grown today can’t cope withbeing completely submerged. But a few strains(我们知道strain有拉紧,扭伤的意思,但是这里是菌株,品种的意思) of rice are actually fine with(对于什么事实上也可以还好,be fine with sth) a good flood. As the water levels rise, so do they: their stems can shoot up 10 inches in a single day. But those fast-growing strains produce five times less rice than the higher-yield varieties.
To get the best of both worlds(为了得到两全其美,the best of both worlds,就是两全其美的意思), the scientists studied some submersible(能潜水的) rice and found two genes that are not present in shallow-water varieties. These genes, dubbed(dub就是授予什么称号的意思) Snorkel 1 and 2, switch on(接通) a program that triggers rapid stem growth, results published in the August 20th issue of Nature.
Using genetic engineering to toss those Snorkel genes into rice that can’t hold its breath could prove(能够证明是一个什么,其实要表达的就是这个东西能够使别的东西怎么样) a real lifesaver. Not just to the plants, but to the people who rely on them for food.