0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第十九期——Capital Letters

草木也知愁UID: 2487572

0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】汇总贴 & DAY I 主谓一致
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第二期——情态动词
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第三期——冠词、数词
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第四期——虚拟语气
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第五期——倒装
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第六期——从句
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第七期——名词
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第八期——代词
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第九期——动词的时态
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第十期——连词
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第十一期——动词、动词语态
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第十二期——动词不定式、分词、动名词
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第十三期——独立主格、特殊词
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第十四期——Active and Passive Voice
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第十五期——Apostrophe & Hyphens
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第十六期——Parallel Structure
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第十七期——Commas
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第十八期——Dangling Modifiers
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第十九期——Capital Letters
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第二十期——Spelling
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第二十一期——HOCs\LOCs
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第二十二期——Sentence Clarity& Fragments
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第二十三期——R&S Punctuation Patterns
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第二十四期——Punctuation
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第二十五期——Articles: A versus An
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第二十六期——How to Use Articles (a/an/the)
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第二十七期——Count and Noncount Nouns
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第二十八期——In/Dependent Clauses
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第二十九期——Adjective or Adverb
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第三十一期——Appositives
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第三十期——Adjectives and Adverbs
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第三十二期——Irregular Verbs
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第三十三期——Numbers
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第三十四期——Prepositions
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第三十五期——Pronouns
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第三十六期——Subject/Verb Agreement
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第三十七期——Verb Tenses
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第三十八期——Parts of Speech Overview
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第三十九期——Quotation Marks
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第四十期——Transitions
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第四十一期——Phrasal& idioms

Capital Letters

This resource was written by Purdue OWL.
Last full revision by Chris Berry.
Last edited by Allen Brizee on July 16th 2007 at 2:02PM
Summary: This resource details standard capitalization rules.

A Little Help with Capitals

This handout lists some guidelines for capitalization. If you have a question about whether a specific word should be capitalized that doesn't fit under one of these rules, try checking a dictionary to see if the word is capitalized there.

Use capital letters in the following ways:

The first words of a sentence

When he tells a joke, he sometimes forgets the punch line.

The pronoun "I"

The last time I visited Atlanta was several years ago.

Proper nouns (the names of specific people, places, organizations, and sometimes things)

Worrill Fabrication Company
Golden Gate Bridge
Supreme Court
Livingston, Missouri
Atlantic Ocean
Mothers Against Drunk Driving

Family relationships (when used as proper names)

I sent a thank-you note to Aunt Abigail, but not to my other aunts.
Here is a present I bought for Mother.
Did you buy a present for your mother?

The names of God, specific deities, religious figures, and holy books

God the Father
the Virgin Mary
the Bible
the Greek gods
Moses
Shiva
Buddha
Zeus

Exception: Do not capitalize the non-specific use of the word "god."
The word "polytheistic" means the worship of more than one god.

Titles preceding names, but not titles that follow names
She worked as the assistant to Mayor Hanolovi.
I was able to interview Miriam Moss, mayor of Littonville.

Directions that are names (North, South, East, and West when used as sections of the country, but not as compass directions)
The Patels have moved to the Southwest.
Jim's house is two miles north of Otterbein.

The days of the week, the months of the year, and holidays (but not the seasons used generally)
Halloween
October
Friday
winter
spring
fall

Exception: Seasons are capitalized when used in a title.
The Fall 1999 semester

The names of countries, nationalities, and specific languages
Costa Rica
Spanish
French
English

The first word in a sentence that is a direct quote
Emerson once said, "A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds."

The major words in the titles of books, articles, and songs (but not short prepositions or the articles "the," "a," or "an," if they are not the first word of the title)
One of Jerry's favorite books is The Catcher in the Rye.

Members of national, political, racial, social, civic, and athletic groups
Green Bay Packers
African-Americans
Anti-Semitic
Democrats
Friends of the Wilderness
Chinese

Periods and events (but not century numbers)
Victorian Era
Great Depression
Constitutional Convention
sixteenth century

Trademarks
Pepsi
Honda
IBM
Microsoft Word

Words and abbreviations of specific names (but not names of things that came from specific things but are now general types)
Freudian
NBC
pasteurize
UN
french fries
italics

草木也知愁UID: 2487572

第十九期更新

家家☆yoonjaeUID: 2646910

草草居然自沙。。。【撅嘴】

lghscuUID: 2552043

0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第十九期——Capital Letters

https://bbs.gter.net/thread-982678-1-1.html

KG阅读笔记

写在前面：
这一期太经典了！
呵呵！
Capital还有一个意思“死刑的，严重的”，容易忽略
--a: punishable by death <a capital crime> b : involving execution <capital punishment> c : most serious <a capital error>
【记忆】棒打出头鸟，大写的字母比较显眼，很容易involving execution，犯了死刑肯定很“严重的”


Capital Letters
--ant.: small letter
--capital of a letter: of or conforming to the series A, B, C, etc. rather than a, b, c, etc.

A Little Help with Capitals
--[capital] a : a capital letter especially : an initial capital letter b : a letter belonging to a style of alphabet modeled on the style customarily used in inscriptions
This handout lists some guidelines for capitalization. If you have a question about whether a specific word should be capitalized that doesn't fit under one of these rules, try checking a dictionary to see if the word is capitalized there.


--handout: a folder or circular of information for free distribution
--circular: a paper (as a leaflet) intended for wide distribution传单
--checking a dictionary记住

Use capital letters in the following ways:
-----

1 The first words of a sentence

2 The pronoun "I"

3 Proper nouns (the names of specific people, places, organizations, and things)
4 Family relationships (when used as proper names)
5 The names of God, specific deities, religious figures, and holy books
6 Titles preceding names, but not titles that follow names
7 Directions that are names (North, South, East, and West when used as sections of the country, but not as compass directions)
8 The days of the week, the months of the year, and holidays (but not the seasons used generally)
9 The names of countries, nationalities, and specific languages
10 The first word in a sentence that is a direct quote
11 The major words in the titles of books, articles, and songs (but not short prepositions or the articles "the," "a," or "an," if they are not the first word of the title)
12 Members of national, political, racial, social, civic, and athletic groups
13 Periods and events (but not century numbers)
14 Trademarks
15 Words and abbreviations of specific names (but not names of things that came from specific things but are now general types)
-----
1 The first words of a sentence
When he tells a joke, he sometimes forgets the punch line.
--punch line: the sentence, statement, or phrase (as in a joke) that makes the point
--makes the point记住

2 The pronoun "I"
The last time I visited Atlanta was several years ago.
--Atlanta:
亚特兰大 [Atlanta]

城市与乡镇

美国城市，位于蓝岭山脚下，为佐治亚州首府及最大城市。1837年被选为铁路终点站，为美国东南部提供运输服务，起初名为终站，后名为马莎村，1845年始名为亚特兰大。南北战争时原是重要的补给站，但被W.T.谢尔曼率领的联邦军队烧毁。1868设为州首府。在从战后重建中恢复后，致力于“新南方”精神的体现，以寻求与北方的协调。亚特兰大是金(遭暗害的南方基督教领袖会议的负责人)的故乡，也是南部大城市中第1个黑人当选市长的城市(1970)。该城还是美国东南部商业、运输的中心。人口：市区约402,000；都会区约3,100,000(1996)。

3 Proper nouns (the names of specific people, places, organizations, and sometimes things)
Worrall Fabrication Company—specific organization
--
Golden Gate Bridge—specific places

--
The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the opening of the San Francisco Bay into the Pacific Ocean. As part of both U.S. Route 101 and California State Route 1, it connects the city of San Francisco on the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula to Marin County. The Golden Gate Bridge was the longest suspension bridge span in the world when it was completed during the year 1937, and has become an internationally recognized symbol of San Francisco and California. Since its completion, the span length has been surpassed by eight other bridges. It still has the second longest suspension bridge main span in the United States, after the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge in New York City. In 1999, it was ranked fifth on the List of America's Favorite Architecture by the American Institute of Architects.

Supreme Court
-- 1 : the highest judicial tribunal <法庭，法官席> in a political unit (as a nation or state)
--2 : a court of original jurisdiction in New York state subordinate to a final court of appeals
美国最高法院 [Supreme Court of the United States]  
法律

美国司法体系的上诉终审法院、《美利坚合众国宪法》的最终解释者。根据1787年宪法而建立，有权审理涉及美国联邦宪法、法律或美国参加的条约的案件；以美国为一方的争议案件；州与州之间或各州公民之间的争议案件；海事管辖案件；以及侵犯大使、其他公使和领事的案件。其大法官人数由国会设定，一直处于变化之中，直到1869年才固定为9名大法官。最高法院大法官的任命由总统征求议会的意见并在参议院同意下而决定。最高法院从一开始就行使司法审查权。相对说来，最高法院受理的一审案件是很少的。进入最高法院的程序一般是通过上诉或调审令。最高法院的最重要的条款来源为宪法的贸易条款以及正当程序和同等保护权条款，经常也处理涉及到公民自由的纠纷，包括言论自由和隐私权。最高法院的大部分工作都是阐明、提炼和验证宪法的哲学思想，并将其转化为运作原则。
http://law.marquette.edu/facultyblog/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/341px-

Livingston, Missouri—specific people and places
--Missouri

密苏里 [Missouri]  
地理区

美国中西部一州。面积180,515平方千米。首府杰斐逊城。密苏里河由西向东流贯该州，河的北部是起伏的丘陵和肥沃的平原，南部有深谷和急流。该地的原住民是数个印第安部落，密苏里人是其中一支，也是该州名称的由来。1735年法国猎人和铅矿工人在圣热纳维夫建立第一个欧洲永久居民点。1764年建立圣路易斯。1803年作为路易斯安那购地的一部分，美国取得该地区的控制权。1805年属路易斯安那准州，1812年则属密苏里准州。1812年战争后大批美国居民移入。1821年成为美国第24州，但只是在《密苏里妥协案》通过后，才准许该州作为奴隶州加入美国。该州蓄奴者和废奴者间关系紧张，1857年的德雷德·斯科特裁决便是证明。美国南北战争期间密苏里仍留在联邦内，虽然其居民为双方作战。战后，经济发展，1904年举行圣路易斯博览会。第二次世界大战后，该州经济从农业转为制造业。铅制品以欧扎克地区为主要产地，居全国领导地位。人口约5,592,000(2000)。

密苏里河 [Missouri River]  
水系与湖泊

美国中部河流。密西西比河最长支流，源自蒙大拿州西南部的落基山脉。东流至北达科他州中部，再向南流过南达科他州，形成南达科他-内布拉斯加、内布拉斯加-衣阿华、内布拉斯加-密苏里的部分州界，也是堪萨斯-密苏里边界。然后蜿蜒向东，流经密苏里州中部，在圣路易斯北部汇入密西西比河，全长3,726千米。因为河中携带大量淤泥，又称“大泥河”。1673年法国探险家J.马奎特和L.若利埃首先发现河口。1804～1805年刘易斯和克拉克远征完成了从河口到源头的第一次探险。从20世纪中叶开始，美国制定计划以控制河水泛滥并利用它来灌溉。

密苏里妥协案(1820) [Missouri Compromise]  
法律, 政治

美国国会达成的同意接纳密苏里为第24个州的议案。在该准州申请获得没有奴隶限制的州地位后，北方的国会议员试图提出修正案来进一步约束蓄奴，但没有成功。当缅因(最初是马萨诸塞的一部分)也要求州地位时，克莱提出了折中方案，允许密苏里作为蓄奴州加入，缅因则作为自由州加入，此后奴隶制在密苏里南部边界以北的领土被废止。克莱的妥协方案似乎解决了延长奴隶制问题，但凸显了地区间的分歧。

Atlantic Ocean—specific places

大西洋 [Atlantic Ocean]  
海洋

将南、北美洲与欧洲和非洲分隔开来的海洋。为世界第2大洋，面积82,440,000平方千米。其属海包括东部的波罗的海、北海、黑海和地中海，西部的巴芬湾、哈得孙湾、圣劳伦斯湾、墨西哥湾以及加勒比海，总面积105,000,000平方千米；包括其属海在内，大西洋的平均深度为3,330米。最强大的洋流为湾流。

大西洋城 [Atlantic City]  
城市与乡镇

美国新泽西州东南部游览胜地。位于狭长的阿布西肯岛上，令人愉悦的长堤和海滨木板人行道于1870年建成。19世纪中期发展成旅游城市，1921年开始在这里举行美国小姐选美比赛。第二次世界大战后开始没落，1978年该州批准赌博合法化，促进了大西洋城的发展，但附近地区仍很贫穷。人口约38,000(1996)。

Mothers Against Drunk Driving—specific things

4 Family relationships (when used as proper names)
I sent a thank-you note to Aunt Abigail, but not to my other aunts.
--Abigail: a lady's personal maid

亚当斯(夫人) [Adams, Abigail]  
娘家姓Smith。
(1744.11.22,马萨诸塞州
韦茅斯～1818.10.28,美国
马萨诸塞州
昆西)
美洲史, 人物小传

美国第2任总统的夫人。所受教育不多，但后来成为史书热爱者。1764年嫁给约翰·亚当斯，生了4个孩子，包括约翰·昆西·亚当斯，并于马萨诸塞州昆西抚育他们成人。1774年开始与远在费城参加大陆会议的丈夫大量通信，描述日常生活情况和讨论时事，当时正逢美国独立革命期间，显示了其智慧和对政治的敏锐度。在其丈夫出使欧洲当外交官(1784～1788)和在华盛顿特区担任副总统和总统(1789～1801)期间，她仍和亲友以书信保持联系。

Here is a present I bought for Mother.

小灵易碎UID: 2733622

小灵的学习笔记
语法：大写字母
Proper nouns (the names of specific people, places, organizations, and sometimes things)专有名词
Worrill Fabrication Company
Golden Gate Bridge
Supreme Court
Livingston, Missouri
Atlantic Ocean
Mothers Against Drunk Driving（中间如果有of之类的词应该就不用大写）

Family relationships (when used as proper names)家庭关系（这个之前没注意过，要记住）
I sent a thank-you note to Aunt Abigail, but not to my other aunts.
Here is a present I bought for Mother.
Did you buy a present for your mother?


Exception: Do not capitalize the non-specific use of the word "god."
The word "polytheistic" means the worship of more than one god.
（不要大写普遍意义上的“神”）

Directions that are names (North, South, East, and West when used as sections of the country, but not as compass directions)
The Patels have moved to the Southwest.
Jim's house is two miles north of Otterbein.
（表示“南部地区”“北部地区”用大写，而不是真正指“方向”）

rushtosummerUID: 2735551

Rushtosummer的学习笔记（19）Capital Letters
Use capital letters in the following ways:
1. The first words of a sentence
2. The pronoun "I"
3. Proper nouns (the names of specific people, places, organizations, and sometimes things)
4. Family relationships (when used as proper names)
I sent a thank-you note to Aunt Abigail, but not to my other aunts.
The names of God, specific deities, religious figures, and holy books
God the Father, the Virgin Mary, the Bible, the Greek gods, Moses, Shiva, Buddha, Zeus
Exception: Do not capitalize the non-specific use of the word "god."
The word "polytheistic" means the worship of more than one god.
5. Titles preceding names, but not titles that follow names
She worked as the assistant to Mayor Hanolovi.
6. Directions that are names (North, South, East, and West when used as sections of the country, but not as compass directions)

The Patels have moved to the Southwest.
7. The days of the week, the months of the year, and holidays (but not the seasons used generally)

Halloween, October, Friday, winter, spring, fall
Exception: Seasons are capitalized when used in a title.

The Fall 1999 semester
8. The names of countries, nationalities, and specific languages
9. The first word in a sentence that is a direct quote
10.
The major words in the titles of books, articles, and songs (but not short prepositions or the articles "the," "a," or "an," if they are not the first word of the title)

One of Jerry's favorite books is The Catcher in the Rye.
11. Members of national, political, racial, social, civic, and athletic groups
12.
Periods and events (but not century numbers)

Victorian Era,
Great Depression, Constitutional Convention
13. Trademarks

Pepsi, Honda, IBM, Microsoft Word
14. Words and abbreviations of specific names (but not names of things that came from specific things but are now general types)
Freudian, NBC, pasteurize

雪丫UID: 2719720

some details for us to keep an eye on~~~