【CASK EFFECT】0910G阅读全方位锻炼--难度【LSAT】1-4

草木也知愁UID: 2487572

【CASK EFFECT】0910G阅读能力基础自测（速度、难度、深度、越障、真题、RAM）
https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=910464&highlight

【CASK EFFECT】0910G阅读全方位锻炼--难度【LSAT】汇总贴
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-982016-1-1.html


【规则】

每天我贴出一篇LSAT阅读文章，大家来做，做完后可以拿上来讨论或者写一些心得体会，大家共同切磋

每天一篇LSAT，你就会渐渐发现GRE阅读真的好简单

[注]请直接在电脑屏幕面前做，虽然GRE阅读是在纸上考，但是通过这个过程会遏制你做笔记，同时给你的阅读造成视觉障碍，也就是把难度训练和抗干扰训练同步结合，增加效率（初期会很累，但是既然大家想要成为高手，那么就别对自己太温柔


(This passage was originally published in 1905)
The word democracy may stand for a natural social equality in the body politic or for a constitutional form of government in which power lies more or less directly in the people’s hand. The former may be called social democracy and the later democratic government. The two differ widely, both in origin and in moral principle. Genetically considered, social democracy is something primitive, unintended, proper to communities where there is general competence and no marked personal eminence. There be no will aristocracy, no prestige, but instead an intelligent readiness to lend a hand and to do in unison whatever is done. In other words, there will be that most democratic of governments—no government at all. But when pressure of circumstances, danger, or inward strife makes recognized and prolonged guidance necessary to a social democracy, the form its government takes is that of a rudimentary monarchy established by election or general consent. A natural leader emerges and is instinctively obeyed. That leader may indeed be freely criticized and will not be screened by any pomp or traditional mystery; he or she will be easy to replace and every citizen will feel essentially his or her equal. Yet such a state is at the beginnings of monarchy and aristocracy.
Political democracy, on the other hand, is a late and artificial product. It arises by a gradual extension of aristocratic privileges, through rebellion against abuses, and in answer to restlessness on the people’s part. Its principle is not the absence of eminence, but the discovery that existing eminence is no longer genuine and representative. It may retain many vestiges of older and less democratic institutions. For under democratic governments the people have not created the state; they merely control it. Their suspicions and jealousies are quieted by assigning to them a voice, perhaps only a veto, in the administration. The people’s liberty consists not in their original responsibility for what exists, but merely in the faculty they have acquired of abolishing any detail that may distress or wound them, and of imposing any new measure, which, seen against the background of existing laws, may commend itself from time to time to their instinct and mind.
If we turn from origins to ideals, the contrast between social and political democracy is no less marked. Social democracy is a general ethical ideal, looking to human equality and brotherhood, and inconsistent, in its radical form, with such institutions as the family and hereditary property. Democratic government, on the contrary, is merely a means to an end, an expedient for the better and smoother government of certain states at certain junctures. It involves no special ideals of life; it is a question of policy, namely, whether the general interest will be better served by granting all people an equal voice in elections. For political democracy must necessarily be a government by deputy, and the questions actually submitted to the people can be only very large rough matters of general policy or of confidence in party leaders.
19.The author suggests that the lack of “marked personal eminence” (line 11) is an important feature of a social democracy because
(A) such a society is also likely to contain the seeds of monarchy and aristocracy
(B) the absence of visible social leaders in such a society will probably impede the development of a political democracy
(C) social democracy represents a more sophisticated form of government than political democracy
(D) a society that lacks recognized leadership will be unable to accomplish its cultural objectives
(E) the absence of visible social leaders in such a community is likely to be accompanied by a spirit of cooperation
20.Which one of the following forms of government does the author say is most likely to evolve from a social democracy?
(A) monarchy
(B) government by deputy
(C) political democracy
(D) representative democracy
(E) constitutional democracy
21.The author of the passage suggests that a political democracy is likely to have been immediately preceded by which one of the following forms of social organization?
(A) a social democracy in which the spirit of participation has been diminished by the need to maintain internal security
(B) an aristocratic society in which government leaders have grown insensitive to people’s interests
(C) a primitive society that stresses the radical equality of all its members
(D) a state of utopian brotherhood in which no government exists
(E) a government based on general ethical ideals
22.According to the passage, “the people’s liberty” (line 42) in a political democracy is best defined as
(A) a willingness to accept responsibility for existing governmental forms
(B) a myth perpetrated by aristocratic leaders who refuse to grant political power to their subjects
(C) the ability to impose radically new measures when existing governmental forms are found to be inadequate
(D) the ability to secure concessions from a government that may retain many aristocratic characteristics
(E) the ability to elect leaders whom the people consider socially equal to themselves
23.According to the author of this passage, a social democracy would most likely adopt a formal system of government when
(A) recognized leadership becomes necessary to deal with social problems
(B) people lose the instinctive ability to cooperate in solving social problems
(C) a ruling monarch decides that it is necessary to grant political concessions to the people
(D) citizens no longer consider their social leaders essentially equal to themselves
(E) the human instinct to obey social leaders has been weakened by suspicion and jealousy
24.According to the passage, which one of the following is likely to occur as a result of the discovery that “existing eminence is no longer genuine and representative” (lines 35-36)?
(A) Aristocratic privileges will be strengthened, which will result in a further loss of the people’s liberty.
(B) The government will be forced to admit its responsibility for the inadequacy of existing political institutions.
(C) The remaining vestiges of less democratic institutions will be banished from government.
(D) People will gain political concessions from the government and a voice in the affairs of state.
(E) People will demand that political democracy conform to the ethical ideals of social democracy.
25.It can be inferred from the passage that the practice of “government by deputy” (line 64) in a political democracy probably has its origins in
(A) aristocratic ideals
(B) human instincts
(C) a commitment to human equality
(D) a general ethical ideal
(E) a policy decision
26.Which one of the following statements, if true, would contradict the author’s notion of the characteristics of social democracy?
(A) Organized governmental systems tend to arise spontaneously, rather than in response to specific problem situations.
(B) The presence of an organized system of government stifles the expression of human equality and brotherhood.
(C) Social democracy represents a more primitive form of communal organization than political democracy.
(D) Prolonged and formal leadership may become necessary in a social democracy when problems arise that cannot be resolved by recourse to the general competence of the people.
(E) Although political democracy and social democracy are radically different forms of communal organization, it is possible for both to contain elements of monarchy.

家家☆yoonjaeUID: 2646910

BD~ SF毛了。。嘿嘿

fiefuytUID: 2303116

又只对了一个······
题目做到一半就坐不下去了，是我今天做了太多的缘故吗？

victinyUID: 2601077

错了一半，这一篇很恶心~不过看答案其实不是很争议，是我实力问题，gain concession 我没有理解到位，连错了2题
然后
最后一题，不知道怎么入手，feature?

gaofei323UID: 2588256

我承认了 看不懂这篇。。。。
睡一觉起来好好再看

dairymanUID: 2683905

政治范畴果然麻烦，咬文嚼字的事情以后得多看%66^%%$%^
草木mm是不是该把答案直接放在题里面啊，这样还好找答案，我至今没找到答案%……
最后一题有点问题，似乎a和e都错了

cjluUID: 2448066

对这方面还挺感兴趣的~不过这篇看的有点雾水……
哎~改天再认真研究一下

slayerxuUID: 2695865

怎么才能知道答案啊

dairymanUID: 2683905

去下载2772的lsat及gre阅读真题，里面有答案，汇总贴里有这个下载
顺便把草木mm的贴最后一个人都刷成我自己

arohkUID: 2669942

与问题有关的句子，就在问题核心词汇的附近，只要深刻理解就能答对题目。
question 1:There be no will aristocracy, no prestige, but instead an intelligent readiness to lend a hand and to do in unison whatever is done.
question 2:Yet such a state is at the beginnings of monarchy and aristocracy.
question 3:Political democracy, on the other hand, is a late and artificial product. It arises by a gradual extension of aristocratic privileges, through rebellion against abuses, and in answer to restlessness on the people’s part
question 4:The people’s liberty consists not in their original responsibility for what exists, but merely in the faculty they have acquired of abolishing any detail that may distress or wound them, and of imposing any new measure, which, seen against the background of existing laws, may commend itself from time to time to (commend to: 交付给) their instinct and mind.
question 5:But when pressure of circumstances, danger, or inward strife makes recognized and prolonged guidance necessary to a social democracy, the form its government takes is that of a rudimentary monarchy established by election or general consent. A natural leader emerges and is instinctively obeyed.
qustion 6:It may retain many vestiges of older and less democratic institutions. For under democratic governments the people have not created the state; they merely control it. Their suspicions and jealousies are quieted by assigning to them a voice, perhaps only a veto
qustion 7:For political democracy must necessarily be a government by deputy, and the questions actually submitted to the people can be only very large rough matters of general policy or of confidence in party leaders.
question 8:觉的A、B都可选，尚未弄明白。

dairymanUID: 2683905

看完楼上的问题，我发现最后一个选abe如何？

shfh5547UID: 2523333

10# arohk

question 4:The people’s liberty consists not in their original responsibility for what exists, but merely in the faculty they have acquired of abolishing any detail that may distress or wound them, and of imposing any new measure, which, seen against the background of existing laws, may commend itself from time to time to (commend to: 交付给) their instinct and mind.;

赞美~要不是你把它们粘上来，我可能都不知道"显示隐藏"之后原文有这么细心地注释^^谢谢你！
我做题时看丢了not~错了一道。

这个句子应该算蛮经典的，具体结构我分不清，但是大体意思能懂^^

shfh5547UID: 2523333

10# arohk

第八题，我没找原文出处，只是想说一下我的理解：我觉得文章在说social democracy和democratic goverment的时候侧重于说政府在两者中的作用。Social democracy的特点不就是政府平时不出面，当社会出现需要解决的问题时才会arise吗？我觉得这是它和后者的显著差异，而尊重人权和给人民更多的话语权是具体体现。如果政府没有遇到重大问题就擅自arise，那作者眼中认为的social democracy的特点也就不复存在了。如果两者放一起的话，A肯定是最优选项。

顺便回楼楼上，我觉得E肯定不行，因为原文提到过"Yet such a state is at the beginnings of monarchy and aristocracy”，所以我觉得和作者观点没有矛盾。

dairymanUID: 2683905

13# shfh5547
socail democracy我怎么读着是说，作为一种很早就出现的一旦出现问题，则会转型成autocracy等等
但是political democracy是原来就本着公平来的说……

lghscuUID: 2552043

[CASK EFFECT] 难度【LSAT】1-4 解读