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发表于 2009-9-30 12:26:18
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本帖最后由 taoyukun-daidai 于 2009-9-30 12:48 编辑
寻爱之途——丘比特和赛姬,爱与心灵的故事
Envious and jealous of the beauty of a mortal girl named Psyche, Venus asks her son Cupid (known to the Greeks as Eros) to use his golden arrows while Psyche sleeps, so that when she awakes, Venus (Aphrodite to the Greeks) would have already placed a vile creature for her to fall in love with. Cupid finally agrees to her commands after a long (and losing) debate. As he flies to Psyche's room at night, he turns himself invisible so no one can see him fly in through her window. He takes pity on her, for she was born too beautiful for her own safety. As he slowly approaches, careful not to make a sound, he readies one of his golden arrows. He leans over Psyche while she is asleep and before he can scratch her shoulder with the arrow, she awakens, startling him, for she looks right into his eyes, despite his invisibility. This causes him to scratch himself with his arrow, falling deeply in love with her. He cannot continue his mission, for every passing second he finds it more appalling, He reports back to Venus shortly later and this enrages her. Venus places a curse on Psyche that keeps her from meeting a suitable husband, or any husband at that. As she does this, it upsets Cupid greatly, and he decides that as long as the curse stays on Psyche, he will no longer shoot arrows, which will cause Venus' temple to fall.
After months of no one — man or animal — falling in love, marrying, or mating, the Earth starts to grow old, which causes concern to Venus, for nobody praises her for Cupid's actions. Finally, she agrees to listen to Cupid's demands, according him one thing to have his own way. Cupid desires Psyche. Venus, upset, agrees to his demands only if he begins work immediately. He accepts the offer and takes off, shooting his golden arrows as fast as he can, restoring everything to the way it should be. People again fall in love and marry, animals far and wide mate, and the Earth begins to look young once more.
When all continue to admire and praise Psyche's beauty, but none desire her as a wife, Psyche's parents consult an oracle, which tells them to leave Psyche on the nearest mountain, for her beauty is so great that she is not meant for (mortal) man. Terrified, they have no choice but to follow the oracle's instructions. But then Zephyrus, the west wind, carries Psyche away, to a fair valley and a magnificent palace where she is attended by invisible servants until nightfall, and in the darkness of night the promised bridegroom arrives and the marriage is consummated. Cupid visits her every night to sleep with her, but demands that she never light any lamps, since he does not want her to know who he is until the time is right.
Cupid allows Zephyrus to take Psyche back to her sisters and bring all three down to the palace during the day, but warns that Psyche should not listen to any argument that she should try to discover his true form. The two jealous sisters tell Psyche, then pregnant with Cupid's child, that rumor is that she had married a great and terrible serpent who would devour her and her unborn child when the time came for it to be fed. They urge Psyche to conceal a knife and oil lamp in the bedchamber, to wait till her husband is asleep, and then to light the lamp and slay him at once if it is as they said. Psyche sadly follows their advice. In the light of the lamp Psyche recognizes the fair form on the bed as the god Cupid himself. However, she accidentally pricks herself with one of his arrows, and is consumed with desire for her husband. She begins to kiss him, but as she does, a drop of oil falls from her lamp onto Cupid's shoulder and wakes him. He flies away, and she falls from the window to the ground, sick at heart.
Psyche then finds herself in the city where one of her jealous elder sisters live. She tells her what had happened, then tricks her sister into believing that Cupid has chosen her as a wife on the mountaintop. Psyche later meets her other sister and deceives her likewise. Each sister goes to the top of the peak and jumps down eagerly, but Zephyrus does not bear them and they fall to their deaths at the base of the mountain.
Psyche searches far and wide for her lover, finally stumbling into a temple where everything is in slovenly disarray. As Psyche is sorting and clearing the mess, Ceres appears, but refuses any help beyond advising Psyche that she must call directly on Venus, who caused all the problems in the first place. Psyche next calls on Juno in her temple, but Juno gives her the same advice. So Psyche finds a temple to Venus and enters it. Venus then orders Psyche to separate all the grains in a large basket of mixed kinds before nightfall. An ant takes pity on Psyche, and with its ant companions, separates the grains for her.
Venus is outraged at her success and tells her to go to a field where golden sheep graze and to retrieve some golden wool. A river-god tells Psyche that the sheep are vicious and strong and will kill her, but if she waits until noontime, the sheep will go to the shade on the other side of the field and sleep; she can then pick the wool that sticks to the branches and bark of the trees. Venus next asks for water flowing from a cleft that is impossible for a mortal to attain and is also guarded by great serpents. This time an eagle performs the task for Psyche.
Venus, furious at Psyche's survival, claims that the stress of caring for her son, made depressed and ill as a result of Psyche's lack of faith, has caused her to lose some of her beauty. Psyche is to go to the Underworld and ask the queen of the Underworld, Proserpina (Persephone to the Greeks), to place a bit of her beauty in a box that Venus had given to Psyche. Psyche decides that the quickest way to the Underworld is to throw herself off some high place and die, and so she climbs to the top of a tower. But the tower itself speaks to Psyche and tells her the route that will allow her to enter the Underworld alive and return again, as well as telling her how to get past Cerberus (by giving the three-headed dog a small cake); how to avoid other dangers on the way there and back; and most importantly, to eat nothing but coarse bread in the underworld, as eating anything else would trap her there forever. Psyche follows the orders precisely, rejecting all but bread while beneath the Earth.
However, once Psyche has left the Underworld, she decides to open the box and take a little bit of the beauty for herself. Inside, she can see no beauty; instead an infernal sleep arises from the box and overcomes her. Cupid (Eros), who had forgiven Psyche, flies to her, wipes the sleep from her face, puts it back in the box, and sends her back on her way. Then Cupid flies to Mount Olympus and begs Jupiter (Zeus) to aid them. Jupiter calls a full and formal council of the gods and declares that it is his will that Cupid marry Psyche. Jupiter then has Psyche fetched to Mount Olympus, and gives her a drink made from ambrosia, granting her immortality. Begrudgingly, Venus and Psyche forgive each other.
Psyche and Cupid had a daughter, called Voluptas or Delight, the goddess of "sensual pleasures", whose Latin name means "pleasure" or "bliss".
希腊有一个没有什么名气的小城邦叫亚底斯德,一直得到爱与美之神的青睐。那里的人特别爱美,而且懂得什么是美。小城邦里每一处都有爱与美之神维纳斯的庙宇,人们尊重她,热爱她,总是把最好的祭品献给她。但是这一两年来,情况似乎发生了变化。维纳斯的神殿被冷落,去献祭的人越来越少,后来简直门可罗雀;圣龛沾满灰尘,地上的尘土积了很厚,殿宇的墙角也挂满了蜘蛛网。虚荣的女神当然不甘心忍受这种待遇,她立即变作凡人到城中查访。
原来这个小城邦的国王有三个女儿,老大老二长得平平常常,但是最小的女儿却出落得十分美丽。她体态娉婷,面容姣好,一双眼睛水灵眩目。城里的人民都以公主的美作为自己国家的骄傲,见过她的人都不知道用什么词汇来形容她,只是逢人便夸,于是这位公主貌美的盛名传遍各地,甚至她的名字赛姬(Psyche)早已被人们遗忘,大家都叫她美神,仿佛她就是维纳斯。每天都有无数的人来到王宫争睹她的风采,还有人远道来赞赏她,瞻仰她,把她当女神来膜拜,把最好的东西献给她,甚至说爱神维纳斯也比不上这位凡人。
一切原本属于维纳斯的荣华都落在一个凡间女子身上,维纳斯当然不能忍受这种侮辱,于是她向儿子爱神丘比特道出委屈,并告诉他:“运用你的神威,让那丫头爱上全世界最卑贱最可鄙的动物。”丘比特同意了,无论天庭人间,没有神或人能抵挡爱神之箭。
维纳斯把赛姬指给儿子,妒火中烧的她没有预料到那种美对爱神也会发生作用。丘比特一望见赛姬,就感觉自己也被爱情之箭射中。惊讶万分的他说不出一句话,母亲以为他会立刻痛惩赛姬,便满意地走了。
赛姬没有爱上可怕的怪物,也没有爱上任何人,更奇怪的是,居然也没有人爱上她。男人只来看看她,赞美膜拜一番,就去跟别人结婚了。两位姐姐远不如她,却体体面面嫁给了国王。大媒人赛姬怅然呆坐着,只受到敬仰,也从未得到爱情。
她的父母当然很担心,最后她父亲前往一座阿波罗神殿,请教神明如何为女儿找到个好丈夫。神明答复了,但他的话让做父亲的震惊不已。原来丘比特曾告诉过阿波罗事情的原委,求他帮忙。于是阿波罗说:“因为她是如此之美,不值得为尘世之间的男子拥有。赛姬必须穿上孝服,独自留在一座岩峰顶上。她命中的丈夫,一条比神明更强大的带翅大蛇,会来找她并娶她为妻。”
赛姬的父亲带回这个可怕的消息,城中所有人都悲痛不已。他们为少女穿上丧服,带她到山顶,心情比埋葬她更悲痛。赛姬自己倒是很勇敢,她告诉大家:“美貌害我遭到天妒,现在我庆幸有个了结,你们走吧!”他们伤心欲绝,撇下可怜的赛姬自生自灭,回宫后整天关在屋里哀悼她。
赛姬摸黑坐在山顶,等待着未知的恐怖命运。她一面哭一面发抖,这时一股微风,最温柔的西风,由寂静中吹来。她觉得身体被西风托起,飘离峰顶,落在一片床铺般柔软、处处花香的草地上。
爱神丘比特似乎是唯一一个经常以两种年龄身份出现在油画等艺术品上的希腊神话人物。
一种是大家熟知的那个光着屁股、拿把小弓箭漫天乱飞的可爱婴儿;另外一个就是生就一双白色羽翼的的俊美少年。
阿波罗这位老兄曾经因为嘲笑丘比特的弓小而吃过苦头——他因金箭疯狂地爱上达芙妮,而后者却因铅箭怕他要死避之不及最后变成了月桂树……
就这样,光辉无匹的太阳神竟然失恋了……可见爱神的力量还是很强大的,呵呵。
她在一片静谧安详中暂时遗忘了一切烦恼,沉沉坠入梦乡。醒来时,她发现自己躺在一条清澈的小河边,河岸上有一座美丽壮观的宫殿,黄金为柱,白银为壁,地板用宝石镶成,仿佛为神明所造。但屋里一点声音都没有,好像没有人住。赛姬慢慢走上前去,在门槛上犹豫不决,耳边忽然响起人声。她看不见人,但是他们的话清晰地传进她的耳朵。他们说这栋房子是给她住的,她必须勇敢进去,沐浴一番,到时候会有人为她摆一桌筵席。那声音说:“我们是你的仆人,随时找你的意旨行事。”
她一生从未洗过这么快活的澡,吃过这么好吃的东西。用餐的时候,四周响起悦耳的音乐,好像有一个大合唱团配着竖琴声歌唱,但她只听得见声音,看不见人。除了各种声音相伴,她整天孤零零的,但依稀觉得晚上丈夫会跟她在一起。
直到夜幕降临,新郎到来。当她感觉到他在身边,听见他的声音在耳边呢喃,赛姬的一切疑惧都消失了。她不必看就知道他不是怪物或可怕的东西,是她渴望和等待已久的情郎与丈夫。她融化在丈夫充满爱意的怀中。
这种半聚半离的关系虽然有些苦,但赛姬还是觉得很快乐,而且她很快怀孕了。有一天未谋面的丈夫郑重地警告她的两个姐姐即将带来危险。他说:“她们会到你失踪的山头去哀悼你,你千万不能跟她们相见,否则会给我带来极大的悲哀,也会结束我们的生活。”她保证不会去见她们,可是第二天她想起姐姐,觉得自己不能安慰她们,于是便整日以泪洗面。她丈夫来了,她还在流泪,连他的爱抚都抹不去她的泪痕,他只得伤心地顺从她的愿望。他说:“你爱怎么做就怎么做吧,不过你是自取灭亡。”然后又警告她不要听人怂恿偷看他,否则夫妻就会永远分离。赛姬保证不会,她宁愿死一百次,也不愿失去他。她说:“容我见见我的姐姐吧。”他凄然应允。
第二天早晨,两位姐姐由山顶乘西风而来,赛姬正在等她们,心情快乐而激动。三姐妹很久没交谈了,她们高兴得流泪相拥,最后大伙儿走进宫殿,姐姐看到屋里富丽绝伦的珍藏,坐享丰盛的大宴,听着美妙的音乐,心里不禁羡慕万分,好想知道这一切的主人和妹妹的丈夫到底是谁。但是赛姬信守诺言,只告诉姐姐他是一个年轻人,现在远行打猎去了。接着她送姐姐好多黄金和珠宝,叫西风载她们回山顶。她们假装快乐地告别,心里却嫉妒得半死。与赛姬比起来,她们的财富和幸运都算不了什么,于是嫉妒的姐姐们终于计划要陷害赛姬。
那天晚上丘比特又警告她一次,求妻子别让姐姐再来,她不肯听。她提醒道,她始终见不着他,难道也不能见别人吗?连亲爱的姐姐也不能?他照例屈服了。不久两个坏女人带着仔细想好的计划来到他们家。
上次她们问赛姬丈夫的长相,妹妹支支吾吾,说话前后矛盾。她们已确定她没见过他,真的不知道他是什么人。她们没说出真心的话,只责备她隐瞒可怕的处境,不告诉亲姐姐。她们说:“听说你丈夫不是人,是阿波罗神殿预言的大蛇。他现在当然很和蔼,可是某一天夜里说不定会翻脸无情吃掉你和你未出世的孩子。”
赛姬非常害怕,满腔的恐惧趋走了爱情。她常常奇怪丈夫为什么不让她见一面,一定有可怕的理由。她对他知道多少?他的外貌若不吓人,那他不准妻子见他就是太残忍了。她哭着承认自己只在黑暗中跟他在一起,“他一定有什么不对劲,才会躲着日光。”赛姬求姐姐告诉她该怎么办。
她们的忠告早就想好了。那天晚上她应该在床边藏一把尖刀和一盏灯,等丈夫睡熟就下床点灯拿刀子,灯光照出怪物后,再鼓起勇气刺他一刀。她们说:“我们会在附近,等他死了,我们就带你走。”
于是姐姐们走了,留下赛姬犹豫不决,心慌意乱。她爱他,他是她心爱的丈夫。不,他是可怕的大蛇,她讨厌他。她应该杀他,她又不愿意,她必须有决心,她又不要决心。各种思绪互相挣扎了一整天,到了傍晚,她不再挣扎了。她决心做一件事:她要看他。
他睡着以后,她鼓起勇气点了灯,蹑手蹑脚走到床边,高举着灯盏凝视床上的人。眼前出现的不是怪物,是俊美的少年,是爱神本人,连灯火看见他都仿佛明亮起来。赛姬为自己的愚蠢和多疑而惭愧。她跪倒在地上,本想把刀刺进自己胸膛,幸亏颤抖的手救了她,刀落在地上。她站在他面前,望着他心荡神弛,忍不住多看几眼,这时候一滴热灯油掉在他的翅膀上。丘比特惊醒了。看到灯光,爱神知道她背信,一言不发就离她而去。宫殿、花园随着爱神的离去消失了,赛姬从床边坠落在冰冷的地面上,发现自己独自躺在一片荒野上。
她跟着他奔入夜色中,看不见他,只听见他的声音对她讲话。他说出自己的身份,凄然向她道别。他说:“没有了信赖,爱情不能持久。”接着就消失了。悲恸不已的赛姬心碎了,“爱神!他是我的丈夫,我这个卑鄙的人竟不能对他守信,他永远离开我了吗?”她想了又想,最后鼓足勇气说:“至少我余生可以去找他,就算他不再爱我,至少我可以让他知道我多么爱他。”于是她踏上旅程,不知道该去哪里,只知道要永远追寻到底。
这时候丘比特到母亲的闺房去养伤,维纳斯听说他的故事,知道他的心上人竟是赛姬,气得撇下他一个人受罪,就去找赛姬。儿子的爱情使得她更嫉妒这个女孩,她决定要让赛姬知道得罪女神的下场。
赛姬很快发现自己流浪到了一个嫉妒的姐姐生活的城市,她告诉姐姐发生的事情,然后让姐姐相信爱神选择了她作为新的妻子。后来她又同样欺骗了另一个姐姐。两个姐姐都返回那座山峰急切地跳下去,但这次西风没有来接住她们,而是任由她们坠落山崖而终。
赛姬继续拼命地找寻她的爱人,终于踉跄地进入了一间荒凉破败的神殿。赛姬好心地在这里打扫和收拾,这时色列斯(Ceres,谷物女神)出现了,赛姬向她求助,被女神拒绝了。但色列斯建议,赛姬应该直接去找维纳斯,是这个女神的嫉妒造成了这一切。赛姬又去了朱诺的神殿,而天后也给了她相同的回答,要她去找维纳斯自愿委身为仆,让对方消消气。
她终于来到一座维纳斯的神殿前。维纳斯出现在她面前,满怀不屑地问她:“你原来的丈夫差一点被你烫死,因此不肯理你了,你是不是来找她的丈夫的?”又说:“你是讨人嫌的丑女孩,除了辛苦服役,休想找到情郎,所以我要好好教训你。”说完就拿出很多小麦、豆粒、玉黍等小种子,混成一堆说:“天黑前得把这些种子分开来,为你自己,务必办到。”说完就走了。
赛姬孤零零地坐着翻检着那堆种子,眼看在天黑前怎么也做不完。就在这悲惨的一刻,好心的蚂蚁来帮她的忙了。它们互相叫道:“来,可怜可怜这位少女。努力帮助她吧!”它们立刻一拨一拨赶来,辛勤整理,不久乱糟糟的种子就被分门别类摆好了。
维纳斯回来看见已经检好的种子,非常生气。她说:“你的工作还没完哩。”说着给赛姬一块面包皮,叫她睡在地上,自己则到又软又香的卧榻去安歇。如果她让赛姬做苦工、再让她挨饿,她那可恶的姿容一定会变丑;儿子还在寝宫里疗伤,维纳斯要派人牢牢看着他,直到那时侯才放他出来,她幸灾乐祸地想,到时候肯定有好戏看。
第二天早晨,她又想出一个差事给赛姬做,这回相当危险。她说:“河岸边的灌木丛有一群长着金毛的绵羊,去给我弄些金羊毛来。”憔悴的姑娘走到河边,俯身对着河水,忽然听见脚边传来说话声。原来是一根芦苇对她说:“千万别跳水自杀,事情并没有那么严重,绵羊确实很凶,不过若等到傍晚它们走出灌木丛到河边休息的时候,再进密林去,就会发现荆棘上悬着很多金羊毛。”
好心的芦苇说了这番话,赛姬依照指示,终于带回一些金羊毛给残酷的女主人,维纳斯狞笑着收下。她厉声说:“有人帮你的忙,不是你自己办到的。不过,我给你机会证明你内心也象外表那么坚贞和懂事。你看见那边山上流下来的黑水没有?那可是可怕的守誓河的源头,你去装一瓶黑水回来。”赛姬走近瀑布,才看出这是最难办的工作。四面岩壁又陡又粘,瀑布水势汹涌,惟有长翅膀的动物才够得着。不过赛姬每次的考验虽然艰巨无比,总有绝妙的法子可以脱身。这回她的救星是一只老鹰,它展翅停在她身边,用尖喙抢过她手中的圆瓶,带回满满一瓶黑水给她。
维纳斯继续刁难赛姬。她拿一个盒子给赛姬,要她带到阴间,让冥后珀耳塞福涅把她的美貌装一点进去,告诉她说维纳斯为儿子疗伤,憔悴得要命,很需要那份美丽。赛姬没办法,只得动身寻找阴间的道路。她经过一座高塔,找到了指引:先穿过地里的一个大洞,然后走到死亡河,给船夫查融一文钱,请他载她过去。那边有一条路直通宫殿,长着三颗脑袋的地狱犬守在门边,她若给它一个蛋糕,它会客客气气让她通行。
在赛姬前往地府的旅途中,一个声音一直指引着她如何摆脱各种死亡的威胁,并警告她取回盒子后,无论如何不能打开。灾难是她自己的好奇心和虚荣心造成的。她很想看看盒子里装了什么样保持美貌的符咒,甚至想盗用一点。她和维纳斯都知道她吃尽苦头,比以前憔悴了许多。而她心里一直盼着早日见到爱人,而且要让爱人见到最美丽的自己。抗拒不了这个诱惑,她还是打开了盒子。
她大失所望地发现里面空无一物,但死寂的倦意包围了她,让她昏沉沉睡去了。其实盒子里装的是永恒的睡眠——让人永远保持美貌的唯一良方。
这时丘比特的伤已经养好,他也一直很想念赛姬,并且早已原谅了她。维纳斯锁了门,但爱是关不住的。爱神振翅从窗口飞了出去,去寻找他的爱人。他发现了僵睡在地的赛姬,于是抹去她眼中的睡意,把它收回盒子里,然后用箭轻触将她唤醒,责备她不该这么好奇,又吩咐她把珀耳塞福涅的那盒礼物交给他母亲,并向她保证情况会好转。
赛姬开心地去交差,丘比特则飞向奥林匹斯山。他希望维纳斯不再找他们的麻烦,遂直接去找天神朱庇特(宙斯),向他求情。神和人之父答应丘比特的要求,他说:“虽然你过去常常害我,让我因爱变成公牛、大鹅等等,严重损害我的名誉和尊严……但是,因为爱的名义,我无法拒绝你的请求。”
于是他召集众神开会,众神被赛姬对丘比特执着的爱情感动了。于是宙斯决定向众神、包括维纳斯宣布丘比特和赛姬正式结为夫妻,并建议让赛姬成为不朽的女神。使神墨丘利带赛姬到神明的宫殿,朱庇特亲自拿仙粮赐予她长生不老。情势完全改观,维纳斯无法反对门当户对的神灵间的婚姻,她也颇不情愿地原谅了赛姬。她一定也想到:以后赛姬住在天庭相夫教子,不会常常下凡去妨害人民敬拜她了。
故事圆满收场,“爱”和“心灵”(赛姬,psyche即“心灵”之意)寻找对方,历尽艰辛终于找到彼此并结为伉俪。他们将永远幸福地生活在一起。
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