ARGUMENT:
156The following is taken from an advertisement placed in a weekly business magazine by the Dickens Academy.
"We distributed a survey to senior management at International Mega-Publishing, Inc. The result of the survey clearly indicates that many employees were well prepared in business knowledge and computer skills, but lacked interpersonal skills to interact gracefully with customers. International Mega-Publishing decided to improve customer satisfaction by sending their newly hired employees to our one-day seminars. Since taking advantage of our program, International Mega-Publishing has seen a sharp increase in sales, an indication that the number of their disgruntled customers has declined significantly. Your company should hire Dickens and let us turn every employee into an ambassador for your company."
6 The following was written as a part of an application for a small business loan by a group of developers in the city of Monroe.
"A jazz music club in Monroe would be a tremendously profitable enterprise. Currently, the nearest jazz club is 65 miles away; thus, our proposed club, the C Note, would have the local market all to itself. Plus, jazz is extremely popular in Monroe: over 100,000 people attended Monroe's jazz festival last summer, several well-known jazz musicians live in Monroe, and the highest-rated radio program in Monroe is 'Jazz Nightly,' which airs every weeknight. Finally, a nationwide study indicates that the typical jazz fan spends close to $1,000 per year on jazz entertainment. It is clear that the C Note cannot help but make money."
ISSUE:
7、"The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records."
影像资料和文字资料的关系—影像资料不能完全替代文字资料,各有所长
表现信息的力度:
影像资料-生动形象—恋爱男女的眼神,说话的语气等,一看便知;
In contrast文字资料-抽象--深入表现纠结的心理活动,难闻气味,炎热的天气;
In a word,影像的形象表达只限制在视觉和听觉范围,出了这个范围的嗅觉,触觉,心理就无能为力了
信息存储量(包含信息量)
影像--能在固定时间内表示大量信息—例如电影传达的信息不仅仅是故事本身,还有场景信息和特效
While as文字--能用很少的文字储存大量的信息—百科全书。少量文字给人以想象空间:”Houston, we’ve got a problem”;表示时间跨度,简短有力—time elapsed;
159"The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds."
题型:基于一个论断claim人与机器的关系
范围:人工智能
论点:从目前科技来看claim基本正确,但前提不正确
提纲:
机器不仅是人(脑)的工具,他们也可以具备一定的“思考”能力;
7"The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records."
首先,视频能更生动形象的记录生活,使人们更好的重新回顾以前的时刻,相比较纸质的记录文件而言,视频能再现当时的场景,最大程度的还原事实真相,带给人的感染力也最强。比如说,以前的历史事件,人们从纸质材料上只能看到相关的文字资料,可能会由记录人员的主观原因而不能客观反映事实,像有些国家会故意歪曲事实,达到某些目的;像一些精彩的时刻,只可意会不能言传,像刘翔破纪录的那一刻,那种美妙的感觉是语言文字难以言传的。
其次,视频资料也比较容易保存,占空间小…文字资料保存困难,可能会由于自然灾害等原因造成流失。
但是,视频资料制作成本较高,一些资料如果对象是大众,查阅起来,如果没有电脑,可能很不方便;而文字资料相对来说成本比较低,像图书馆,书店…很多人都能方便的查阅到。
159"The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds."
1、 首先,从生理上说,人脑是运行最复杂的,也是最复杂的结构,计算机也打不到这种水平;
2、 在速度,准确性,存储能力来讲,机器强于人脑;
3、 从创造性思维,情感方面,人脑强于机器;
4、 机器是双刃剑,如果人们用不好的话对人类的坏处是人类所不能估量和控制的,比如说,核武器,比如说克隆。
7、"The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records."
1.camera的好处
accurate记录,没有偏差deviation;
EX:Discovery Channel;动物行为,天气变化,chemical reaction
记录vivid画面
EX:食品Commercial advertisement;sway people’s opinion
2.paper的好处
便宜 发展中国家买得起
概括作用generalization EX对于历史
制作简单 EX 写小说快与拍电影慢(演员、导演director、道具properties)
可以概括抽象东西,EX 数学公式fomula
159"The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds."
1.机器在知识、计算、速度和对环境的适应力比人强
可以把一个图书馆的书存到电脑里
深蓝Kasparov打败围棋chess大师Kasparov
人们能够远行得益于机器
去外太空space exploration的首先是机器,才是人类