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本帖最后由 Napery 于 2009-11-25 21:32 编辑
NO.88 科技与社会
"Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics."
Words:658 PS:杯具,二进宫。血淋淋的事实暂时收起来。
The dramatic effect of technologies on life complexity has misled people into a dilemma that technologies also determine social customs and ethics. Literally, people have witnessed the energy of technologies to fuel both traditional and modern-day activities. However, this illusion fails to unveil the truth of their mutual relationship.
Admittedly, scientific technologies have given the customs of respecting almighty forces in nature a good beating for the extent of their deception and distortion. Being deep-rooted since human first experienced volcanic eruption, earthquakes and other natural processes that were unexplainable with their existing framework of knowledge, the deity worship has been empirically proven to be ignorance to science through technologies applied in the field of geology. The volcanism utterly has less to do with a god of fire than it does with the relative motion of plates. The exploration of geologic disasters has put an end to the old customs of sacrificing lambs or calves to the god, with the help of geologic technologies and accumulated knowledge leading people to advocate science instead of superstition.
However, immediate responses to technologies do not mean that technologies have determined social customs as some traditional customs cannot be supplanted to whatever extent the technology changes. The old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns, while Chinese people invariable get together to celebrate special traditional festivals such as Spring Festival. Despite that the industrial revolution has given considerable voice to woman as they were free of restraint of gender stereotypes and enjoyed the equality with men, women in some Arabic countries are still failing to break the shackles of ingrained convention, occupying a subordinate position to their husbands. In a word, even dramatic development of technologies is not able to surpass completely the traditional thinking of gender discrimination between men and women.
Derived from the permanent cultural history, social ethics in real life, have somewhat set the boundaries of technologies. As we know, the primary task of technologies is not to think about the ethical code which governs its activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of moral rules of conduct in business. Indeed, the desire not to extend life simply to prolong suffering and economical pressure is sufficiently guilt-ridden for the patients to request the right to die prematurely. Despite that some pass laws and advancing medical technologies have made euthanasia possible, physicians driven by the Judeo-Christian ethic of dedication to the sanctity of life, keep trying to extend, as well as to improve life with the endorsement of whole society. This so-called physician-assisted suicide is not permissible by the centuries-old moral principle which underlines the right to live. Consequently, it is of great possibilities to claim that technologies, on the contrary, have been influenced by our social ethics and indeed call for the ethical control.
Moreover, what is called new modern customs is actually not the fruit of advancement of all technologies, but of accumulated exploration, with the aid of the former, applied to practical life. Fueled by our anxiety over social issues, technologies are born to serve human beings and then propelled by our constant desire for new things. Or rather, cognition of the nature moves forward, psychologists say, not so much through the improved techniques and tools as the fact that people in the process of scientific discovery cannot comfortable live with the unknown fields for their born curiosity. Similarly, dissatisfaction with their existing positions had fostered a mainstream appetite among women for spinning machines and feminism campaign, which offered them the opportunities to stand on their own.
To sum up, the real path for new social customs is not constructed by the technologies regardless of their profound influences on society, but by people themselves, and social ethics, the other way around, have guided technology into such an excellent architect for the whole society to serve our human beings. |
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