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Verbal Reasoning: Reading Comprehension
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写在前面
为了完成[CASK EFFECT]第二步—“对GRE阅读进行大致了解，主要是GRE阅读的一些基础性介绍”，KG在寄托上翻了比较多的资料，但对阅读还是不清楚。无意之间，看到了桌上的BARRON’S HOW TO PREPARE FOR THE GRE以及GRE General Test Practice Book，猛然间想起，ETS官方资料可信度是最高，何不看看它是怎么介绍的，而且它的样题会比较直观地说明一些问题。于是，KG学习了上面两本书的相关部分，并从ETS官网下载了相应电子版，做记录如下。希望对“GRE阅读0知识者”有一定用处。
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1 测试目的
2 语料种类
3 语料来源
4 阅读题目要求
5 阅读题型
6 阅读重点
7 阅读策略
8
ETS样题
9 阅读题量
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1 测试目的
Reading comprehension questions measure your ability to
--read with understanding, insight and discrimination
--analyze a written passage from several perspectives
-----recognize explicitly stated elements in the passage
-----recognize assumptions underlying statements or arguments in the passage
-----recognize the implications of those statements or arguments.
2 语料种类
--humanities
-----art, literature, music, philosophy, folklore
--social sciences
-----history, economics, sociology, government
--natural sciences
-----medicine, botany, zoology, chemistry, physics, geology, astronomy
3 语料来源
The GRE tends to take its reading passage from
--Scientific American
----- http://www.scientificamerican.com/
--Prestigious university presses
-----Harvard, Princeton, Oxford
--Scholarly journals
4 阅读题目要求
Some of the reading comprehension questions on the GRE are asking you
--about specific details in the passages
--to interpret the passages
--to make judgments about them
--to recognize various techniques used by the authors
--to recognize possible applications of their ideas to other circumstances
5 阅读题型
You will find five types of reading comprehension questions to answer:
1.
the main point of the passage主题题型
2.
information explicitly stated in the passage细节事实定位题
3.
information or ideas implied or suggested by the author作者态度题
4.
possible applications of the author's ideas to other situations, including the identification of situations or processes analogous to those described in the passage原文类比题
5.
the author's logic, reasoning, or persuasive techniques结构套路题型
6 阅读重点
Pay attention to the following as you review the passage:
·
the function of a word in relation to a larger segment of the passage
·
the relationships among the various ideas in the passage
·
the relationship of the author to the topic or to the audience.
7 阅读策略
Here are some approaches that may help you in answering reading comprehension questions.
·
Since reading passages are drawn from many different disciplines and sources, you may not be familiar with the material in every passage. Do not be discouraged if you encounter unfamiliar material. Questions are to be answered on the basis of the information provided in the passage, and you are not expected to rely on outside knowledge of a particular topic. 阅读一定要忠于原文，因为每一道题都是基于passages的信息而设定，忌讳阅读者将主观想法强加在文章上。ETS的basis和not expected都明显地摆在那里，我们还有必要保持质疑精神吗？！
·
You should analyze each passage carefully before answering the accompanying questions. As with any kind of close and thoughtful reading, look for clues that will help you understand less explicit aspects of the passage. Try to separate main ideas from supporting ideas or evidence. Try also to separate the author's own ideas or attitudes from information he or she is presenting. 这些要求<main/supporting/own/factual ideas>比较高，没有真正的阅读能力不容易达到ETS标准。阅读能力，需要不折不扣的提高！在有时间的情况下，抛弃虚浮的“做题技巧”，当然，在考试时也可以带上“技巧”。
·
Note transitions from one idea to the next, and examine the relationships among the different ideas or parts of the passage. For example, are they contrasting? Are they complementary? Consider the points the author makes, the conclusions drawn, and how and why those points are made or conclusions are drawn. 一定要注意transitions，这也许印证了花儿的“启承转合”。idea/passage间的transitions/relationships在一定程度上表征了作者如何处理证据与论证，以及如何得到conclusions。如果阅读者在实战中能有效地把握这几个关键词，那么想读懂，甚至拿到高分，可能性是比较大。从另一侧面来说，我们的阅读训练中也需要时刻提醒自己去抓住上面提到的关键词。
·
Read each question carefully and be certain that you understand exactly what is being asked. 读懂，一定要读懂，而不是猜！这是对自己比较高的要求！我们需要一个较高的分数，我们同样需要一个较高层次的阅读能力！
·
Always read all the answer choices before selecting the best answer. 考试中是选择最佳答案，这个大家都知道！
·
The best answer is the one that most accurately and most completely answers the questions being posed. Be careful not to pick an answer choice simply because it is a true statement. Be careful also not to be misled by answer choices that are only partially true or only partially satisfy the problem posed in the question.
·
Answer the questions on the basis of the information provided in the passage. Do not rely on outside knowledge. Your own views or opinions may sometimes conflict with the views expressed or the information provided in the passage. Be sure that you work within the context of the passage. You should not expect to agree with everything you encounter in reading passages. 我们是在做阅读，理解作者的想法，根据作者的逻辑得到可能的结果，而不是表达我们自己的想法！那是在AW做的事情！
8 ETS样题
Directions: The passage is followed by questions based on its content. After reading the passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following the passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.
--
(5) <行号>
(10)
(15)
…
--
According to the passage, the two antithetical ideals of photography differ primarily in the
(A) value that each places on the beauty of the finished product
(B) emphasis that each places on the emotional impact of the finished product
(C) degree of technical knowledge that each requires of the photographer
(D) extent of the power that each requires of the photographer’s equipment
(E) way in which each defines the role of the photographer
9 阅读题量
以GRE General Test Practice Book为例，两长两短
长1为55行，7道题；长2为58行，7道题
短1为17行，4道题；短2为23行，4道题 | 
楼主: lghscu
发表于 2009-12-5 09:19:18
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