1006G 备考日记 by ieyangj08——行胜于言

ieyangj08UID: 2743219

1.28
       大量写作、修改、阅读是近期的主要任务。

ieyangj08UID: 2743219

1.29

Sentence

1) To believe your own thought, to believe that what is true for you in your private heart is true for all men,--that is genius. Speak your latent conviction, and it shall be the universal sense; for the inmost in due time becomes the outmost,--and our first thought is rendered back to us by the trumpets of the Last Judgment.
2) There is a time in every man's education when he arrives at the conviction that envy is ignorance; that imitation is suicide; that he must take himself for better for worse as his portion; that though the wide universe is full of good, no kernel of nourishing corn can come to him but through his toil bestowed on that plot of ground which is given to him to till.
3) Trust thyself: every heart vibrates to that iron string.
4) And we are now men, and must accept in the highest mind the same transcendent destiny; and not minors and invalids in a protected corner, not cowards fleeing before a revolution, but guides, redeemers, and benefactors, obeying the Almighty effort, and advancing on Chaos and the Dark.
5) So God has armed youth and puberty and manhood no less with its own piquancy and charm, and made it enviable and gracious and its claims not to be put by, if it will stand by itself.
6) It is easy in the world to live after the world's opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.

Comment

How to become self-reliance? This article gives us the answer. The author Ralph Waldo Emerson was a major American port, philosopher, and center of the American Transcendental movement. His famous words, 'to believe your own thought, to believe that what is true for you in your private heart is true for all men', are also contained in this article. How powerful and wise it is! I also agree with plentiful other viewpoints he proposed in this article. Such as 'trust thyself: every heart vibrates to that iron string', 'though the wide universe is full of good, no kernel of nourishing corn can come to him but through his toil bestowed on that plot of ground which is given to him to till', and 'the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude'.

ieyangj08UID: 2743219

issue131 by hychlavender

TOPIC: ISSUE131 - "The arts (painting, music, literature, etc.) reveal the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of a society."
WORDS: 526
TIME: 01:12:15
DATE: 2010/1/29 0:35:30

棕色 好的表达 蓝色 修改 绿色 评论

According to Pluto, art, defined as the process or production of deliberately arranging elements in a way that appeals to the senses or emotions, could be roughly classified into two catalogues: liberal arts and servile ones. In some extent, it is the liberal arts that voice folks' desire and social hidden ideas rather than servile ones. 只有自由的艺术才能反映民众的欲望和观点，简洁、新颖。

There exists a proverb cited as the truth for every liberal artist: real works come from true life. Ever since the art once defined as the artificial works fashioned by human beings aiming at entertain people, it cannot get rid of the influence from civilians as well as society. In early times, the word art referred to a wide range of activity and skill for residents to survive and adorn in a community, such as shoemaking, medicine, agriculture and potting. In the process of civilization and human beings comprehensive development, artists began to absorb the core content and attitude from daily labor and other experience in social life. For instance, the well-known carton figure, Uncle Sam, is the full abstraction of normal Americans, it contains distinctive characters and aspirations which only possessed by that time's society.
Whether ancient period or modern time, people and society are the foundation for any art's creation, art acts as the window for society to express its inner characters. 真正的艺术来源于生活，该段围绕中心句展开很好。遗憾的是与首段给出的主题无关。

In addition, because liberal arts have the advantage over its capacity to express the inner desire, impulse or dissatisfaction in a more abstract way that other methods lack, the most hidden ideas of society which could not be expressed directly is able to be released through art. Just imagine, how can a person expand his community's inner desire? Loud shouting can be only heard by little amount of people, wordy transmission from person to person suffers from deadly slow pace and undesired misunderstanding. Only a way that is abstract enough to get every person interpret and facilitate its delivery can meet the need of this kind of expression. There comes the liberal art. 自由艺术的特殊性使得其能反映民众的观点，吊起读者胃口时嘎然而止，觉得该段中间部分还可以继续展开。

On the contrary, servile art, due to its original purpose's defects, speaks more on behalf of the sponsors, to be more specifically: dominators, rather than the folks. The aim of establishing it is just to accomplish the art as a dominating tools and an approach to exhibit the ruler's power. 可否改为The aim of establishing it is to convey ruler’s consciousness , thus can’ t be used by the folks to express their hidden ideas and impulses. 从而强调不能被民众所用。We can easily verify this assertion through taking a glance over several European cathedrals built in medieval. Notre Dame, one of the most illustrious cathedrals in EU, is an excellent work of servile art. When you place yourself in the big hall, apart from its religious and imperial magnificent, you can hardly get a sense of people's inner desire for the better life and hidden dissatisfaction for repression. To some extent, servile art could not be called as art any more. 最后的总结句很有道理但有些偏离文章主题，可否删除？或再强调其不能为民众所用，从而回归主题。

In sum, real art acquire its resource from civilians, and pays back to civilians with its final work; it acts as the people’s mouth, it help people to express the inner wishes, it uncovers the hidden impulse of the people. In contrast, the fake art or the servile ones could be just regarded as a tool for money/politics at best.

楼主文笔非常好，语法错误几乎没有，值得学习。首段给出的主题“只有自由的艺术才能反映民众的欲望和观点”也非常新颖。如果后续的三个段落都能紧密围绕主题展开，将会是一篇很好的习作。

另 搜索了一下网上对巴黎圣母院的评论“巴黎圣母院是一座石头建筑，在世界建筑史上，被誉为一级由巨大的石头组成的交响乐。虽然这是一幢宗教建筑，但它闪烁着法国人民的智慧，反映了人们对美好生活的追求与向往。” 其作为奴性艺术的代表是否合适，此处还有待商议.

银落的评论

According to Pluto, art, defined as the process or production of deliberately arranging elements in a way that appeals to the senses or emotions, could be roughly classified into two catalogues(categories会不会好一点？范畴的意思): liberal arts and servile ones. In some extent, it is the liberal arts that voice folks' desire and social hidden ideas rather than servile ones.
第一段表达了一个意思，即自由艺术才能表达社会深层，而奴役性艺术不能。
虽然中心很明确，但是，我觉得你需要把整个文章的结构简略地在第一段铺展开来，让读者有个明确的框架会比较好。
There exists a proverb cited as the truth for every liberal artist: real works come from true life. Ever since the art once defined as the artificial works fashioned by human beings aiming at entertain（entertaining） people, it cannot get rid of the influence from civilians as well as society. In early times, the word art referred to a wide range of activity and skill for residents to survive and adorn in a community, such as shoemaking, medicine, agriculture and potting. In the process of civilization and human beings comprehensive development, artists began to absorb the core content and attitude from daily labor and other experience in social life. For instance, the well-known carton figure, Uncle Sam, is the full abstraction（typical representation） of normal Americans, it contains distinctive characters and aspirations which only possessed by that time's society（branded by temporal society）.
Whether ancient period or modern time, people and society are the foundation for any art's creation, art acts as the window（outlet） for society to express its inner characters.
这一段你讲了艺术从最初到现在的发展，说它的形态和表达因为最初的种种原因，所以和人民社会是紧密相连的。但是，这些不同时代的艺术形态只是表面的例子罢了。其实一两句就可以表达的，你要说的内容应该放在为什么艺术在整个演变的过程中始终和社会深层相连，而相连的意义又是什么。

In addition, because liberal arts have the advantage over its capacity to express the inner（innate，前面用过inner了） desire, impulse or dissatisfaction in a more abstract way that other methods lack, the most hidden ideas of society which could not be expressed directly is（are） able to be released through art. Just imagine, how can a person expand his community's inner（inside） desire（longing）? Loud shouting can be only heard by little amount of people, wordy transmission from person to person suffers from deadly slow pace and undesired misunderstanding.这句和下一句的连接很突兀，前面举了两个具体事例来说明那两种发泄方法是不便的，但是，接下来，你就直接说art是解决难题的唯一方法。首先art如何解决困难了，你没有提到。其次，为什么art是唯一的方法，你也没有提到。这样，文章的逻辑就会脱节，而且会觉得你强词夺理。Only a way that is abstract enough to get every person interpret and facilitate its delivery can meet the need of this kind of expression. There comes the liberal art. 而且你也提到了，abstract对吧。都abstract了，和前面两个有形的交流比起来，abstract的东西不是更难以让人理解吗？


On the contrary, servile art, due to its original purpose's defects（为什么有了目的就一定是缺陷呢，如果defect放在这里，会不会有点偏激？如果你想表达目的性是不好的，那么应该在解释了为什么不好之后，用defect，我觉得这里直接用purpose就可以了，已经能够表达出你在这个观点的立场了）, speaks more on behalf of the sponsors, to be more specifically（intentionally）: dominators, rather than the folks. The aim（object） of establishing it is just to accomplish the art（generate an art work） as a dominating tools（艺术怎么变成工具了？）and an approach to exhibit the ruler's power. We can easily verify this assertion through taking a glance over several European cathedrals built in medieval. Notre Dame, one of the most illustrious cathedrals in EU, is an excellent work of servile art. When you place yourself in the big hall, apart from its religious and imperial magnificent, you can hardly get a sense of people's inner desire for the（去掉）这里只是泛谈好的生活better life and hidden dissatisfaction for repression. To some extent（in a sense，第一段末已经用过这个词组了）, servile art could not be called as art any more.最后一句话太过绝对了，而且也没有给出论证，显得突兀。为什么奴役性的作品就无法被称作为艺术了呢？这一段，你只是在论证艺术品若是有了导向性，就无法表达社会深层，但是，无法表达社会深层和是否被称为艺术的联系，你没有说，而是强加给了读者。其次，你也没有表达出defect的原因，无法表达社会深层的作品就不好了？为什么有导向性的艺术就不好呢？如果只使用巴黎圣母院这个例子来说明表层的事实，而不去剖析深层的原因，那么文章是没有灵魂的。

In sum, real art acquire its resource from civilians, and pays back to civilians with its final work; it acts as the people’s mouth, it help people to express the inner wishes, it uncovers the hidden impulse of the people. In contrast, the fake art or the servile ones could be just regarded as a tool for money at best.

总评：先说语言，语言功底很好，除了有些词重复使用外，其他用法都很精确，而且句子的层次结构都很好，语法错误基本没有。

然后每一段的逻辑和段与段之间的逻辑我都直接在每一段下面指出了。
所以就说下你的整体思想。其实你这篇文章写偏了，题目是旨在说，只有艺术才能表达社会深层，而你却按照（1.艺术从起源到现在，就始终表达着社会潜在的impulse and idea 2.自由艺术是表达的最佳形式 3.奴役性艺术不能被称为艺术，他们是没有价值的）这三个层次来展开写文章的。除去每一段的观点有些突兀，整体的方向就已经不对了。

希望以后先把题目审好，然后再动笔写。

ieyangj08UID: 2743219

刨出来lakeqian前辈的一篇同主题，很强大，贴出来学习

The arts (painting, music, literature, etc.) reveal the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of a society."

上午写提纲，中午睡了一觉，下午开机就写~~差不多用了45分钟。

先对hidden两分：因为难于表达的而hidden与因为当局压制而hidden的。分别论述艺术可以reveal the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of a society.
让步：有的艺术和ideas and impulses of a society没关系。

Miscellaneous art works are bequeathed to the modern people in large quantity. Some of them reveal the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of society while others do not.

As a threshold matter, let us consider why ideas are concealed. The ideas are hidden mainly for two reasons: first, they are difficult to express, second, they are oppress by the authority. Arts, however, can give vent to them in both cases.

In the first case, arts serve as an effective way to communicate the unutterable. From the Renaissance, when people began to glean the Christian theme, many paintings were made in the aim of expressing the public respect to the deity. The construction of the church, often high and slim as the Cologne Cathedral , represents the awe and power of the deity and thus the people's respect to god. People have no difficulty in pointing out the meaning of the architecture and understand the society respected the god. And music, another form of art, has a mysterious power to utter the mind deep in our heart more effective than our words. On hearing the solemn Mass one will come to realize that the composer is telling him/her the divinity of the god. Hardly can a sentence like "we respect god" express people's esteem. In sum, arts act as a effective way to reveal some hidden ideas that are hard to express.

In the second case, when voice from the masses is quenched by the authority, the art can express the ideas and emotions via abstract works. When the Spain is under the reign of Nazi, the bombing that claimed many lives was going on, but no one dared to speak out their hatred and sorrow towards the dead. But Picasso drew an abstract painting of the bombed city to express the public hidden ideas. Were it not for his painting, nobody can know the masses' feeling. In this way, the painting transcended the art itself and became the avatar of the public voice.

However, not all arts deal with the hidden idea. After all, arts is a individual matter and utter the artist' feeling. The Chinese painting always focuses on the beauty and affinity of the nature such as the height of a mountain, the limpidity of a lake and the coziness of the early summer. A painting consisting of several fish, a pond and some flowers just describes a nature scene and the comfortness of its creator but has little to do with social hidden ideas. Likewise, the aim of Bach's well-tempered clavier book is only to construct and elaborate the well-tempered principles, a musical theory. Nothing about society hidden ideas can be figured out. If we really want to find some meaning out of the arts, then it is the personal emotion and inspiration that is expressed. The Beethoven's opus called moonlight is linked with his love of a lady and his sorrow emotion of losing her affection. To sum up, the arts can also serve as a way to express personal feeling or other aims far from revealing hidden ideas of society.

On balance, arts is so complex that it defies a single conclusion that it reveals the otherwise hidden idea of the society. Some art is employed as a tool to speak out the public otherwise hidden ideas and some of them may only speak for the artists themselves.

ieyangj08UID: 2743219

玲珑女 前辈的同主题，一同贴出来学习

131"The arts (painting, music, literature, etc.) reveal the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of a society."(社会类)

Artists, producers of art, generally have some eccentric perspectives beyond the ideas of normal people. For those eccentric ideas, they mostly will be regarded as the vanguard in society whose perspective may be the delegate of radical thinking. From their arts, which may be regard as the symbol of emotions and thinking, some problems and scarcity in development of society will be represented. Moreover, those arts can reveal the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of society. 艺术家观点奇特，为社会先锋人物代表，可反映大众隐藏的观点

First of all, the arts including painting, music and literature represent the new pulse of a society which express the thinking and emotion of that society and embody those people's desire and fondness. For instance, Da Vinci, the famous artist in Renaissance, produced many arts to express the thinking in that epoch. Monalisa, one famous artwork of his, much more express the idea that the focus is the human not other things. From the artwork, there are none words but a painting that the looker can understand the main emotion what the author will express to. In other words, the art establish one bridge for communicating between the author and the looker although it has none words or sentences. 艺术代表社会的新冲动，论据和论点似乎有些不合

Furthermore, some critical opinions which may be hardly accepted to express overtly can be expressed through some arts, such as literature. As we know, Mark Twain, a well-known writer in American who was looked as the representation of American critical realism wrote many critical literatures to insinuate the social problems in that age. Through the literature, one kind of art, many ideas which can hardly express in public will be understood by reader. So, people will be able to realize more social problems which may hardly be known by the formal education. In this way, the literature will be the method which it can help people to reveal more hidden problems and ideas of a society. 批评的观点可以通过艺术表达，例如文学   

Admittedly, those arts expressing many people's thinking and criticizing the problems of community can reveal many otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of society. The arts, however, which represent many radical ideas are not the only method to reveal the pulse of society. Science, the other method to help us to reveal the pulse of society, also will give us more information about the hidden ideas and impulse of society. With the more invention of science, more and more technology can be applied to promote the living level of people's and impulse the development of society. The science is also an indispensable method which can reveal many otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of society.艺术不是唯一的方式，科学也是

In conclusion, the point of view about the arts' affection in revealing the hidden ideas and impulses of society is convincing although there are many approach to find those hidden ideas and impulses. The arts, such as painting, music and literature, which are realized impersonally may give more benefit to the development of society.

文章结构还可以更加清晰

ieyangj08UID: 2743219

很好的复习建议

1 前十五天到二十天时间，精写十五到三十篇文章，能写多好就写多好，时间在所不惜，工具想用什么就用什么，例子越贴切充分越好，能改十遍就不该八遍。同时把所有的提纲看一遍，列出提纲。这一阶段是打基础的时期，重点训练思路文笔，论证的方法和力度。这一段会很辛苦，但一定会受益匪浅。

2 后面的时间，每天都重点把前面写过的一篇或几篇有代表性的文章温习一遍，你会发现里面的例子观点词语足资会反复用到。然后就是模考练速度，每天一到两次。这时候开始看argument,看一些范文，写个六到十篇就够了。打字不行还得练打字。同时上网看一些讨论，再次修改自己的文章，直到考试。

ieyangj08UID: 2743219

鬼谷子 前辈的issue131

Issue131: The arts (painting, music, literature, etc.) reveal the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of a society.

Failing to understand the nature and function of art, the speaker asserts that the arts reveal the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of a society.  Actually, it is the other way around.  For its nature, art is an abstraction which transcends the reality of the mundane world but not a revelation of the hidden ideas and impulses of a society.  For its function, art serves to reveal the individual impulse of the artists in emotion, imagination, and inspiration but not to reveal the social ideas and impulses.

Turning first to the nature of art, we would see that it is the intangible abstraction of blurred fragments of reality the artists gather from the tangible world that forms the core of art and makes it possible for art to transcend experiences, reality, and even the varieties art may manifest.  The essential nature of art is almost irrelevant to social factors but to surpass them.  In the process of art creation, materials are gleaned, rearranged, and abstracted to be a complicated language used by the artists to generate the final artistic products which are at an aesthetic altitude much higher than that of the primitive resources.  Thus social factors that take up a small proportion of the stuffs are no more than a springboard from which art could jump further in the course of beauty seeking, or a ladder from which art could ascend higher and closer to the acme of perfection. Take Pollock for example, what hidden ideas and impulses of a society can you see in the splashy murals of this abstract painter?  Pollock’s abstract masterpieces created by his unique technique of dripping paint on the floor have less to do with social ideas than the sublimation of a mass of sporadic images captured in the real life.  And Pollock’s murals would be worthless if the main purpose of them is to advocate the social ideas and impulses.

Then consider the function of art, any artist, or anyone who has studies art would agree that the function of first-rate importance of art is to reveal the individual impulse of the artists.  Art is the product of the artist’s authentic emotion, a manifestation of the artist’s unique creative imagination, and a creation of the artist’s inspiration.  The desire of creation is motivated by these sparkles of spirit (emotion, imagination, and inspiration) which are the part and parcel of formation of artistic works rather than the stimulation of the social experience or ideas.  Therefore, as a realization of individual pursuit of beauty and truth, art seldom reveals the ideas or impulses of society.  One evidence is Mozart, who became a brilliant musical composer when very young, was inexperienced in social affairs and unaffected by social values when his wrote many of his works.  How could he employ social ideas and impulses in his masterpieces? Moreover, unlike mass media which are more or less controlled by governments, art as well as artist has no responsibility of propagandizing social ideas and values.  If art serves to manifest social factors, then this valuable treasure of mankind would simply imitate the secular world around us.

Admittedly, to some extent, the appearance of art is limited by social conditions and is affected by social ideas.  For instance, the development of sculpture, especially the one  made of metal is confined by the development of metallurgy.  And the desire of human rights pervaded many masterpieces in Renaissance.  But the impact is far from strong enough to alter the nature and function of art which belongs to a higher level of the heaven and change them into the tools of society.  It is undeniable art uses some of the social factors as materials and resources from which it is generated and exists in the circumstances of society, just like our human is evolved from lower animals and once lived in the forests; but it is absurd to say just because of that we mankind will still have the ideas of animals and impulses of forests, so is to say art reveal the ideas and impulses of society.

To sum up, social factors influence merely a small account of the components of art.  Neither the nature of art as an abstraction of reality, nor the function of art as a revelation of individual impulses is nearly related to the hidden ideas and impulses of society.  And only with this recognition could us understand and enjoy the beauty of art.

B1：艺术在本质上是超越现实的抽象，所以无法揭示社会想法和冲动。
B2：艺术在功能上是揭示艺术家的情感，灵感，想象方面的个人冲动，而非社会想法和冲动。
B3：让步，虽然社会因素对艺术有一定影响，但从本质和功能上来说艺术并不揭示社会想法和冲动。

ieyangj08UID: 2743219

1.29
       131同主题学习，明天有私事，有空自己得写一篇，今天得关机复习单词了。

ieyangj08UID: 2743219

1.30
        忙了一天，上来看一眼今天的Comment，关机复习单词。明天加油：）

ieyangj08UID: 2743219

1.31

Sentence

1) By the end of last century, Europe's workers could almost match America's in how much they produced in their factories or at their desks. The reason Europeans remained poorer is that they spent a lot less time at work than had a generation earlier.
2) This question lies at the heart of our present debate. There are many ways to account for the variations in hours worked between countries, including differences in the proportion of adults in work or in the length of the typical working week. The starkest transatlantic divide is in holiday time.  
3) His conjures up a nightmarish vision of poor Europeans trudging wearily to cheap resorts that are overcrowded because everyone is forced to take the same five weeks off in August.
4) Whether European vacations are too long is a side show to the main issue of digging the world out of its 2007-09 economic crisis.
5) To put the case in a nutshell, Europe makes itself poor by working many fewer hours per person than Americans. Low European work effort combines the impact of long vacations, high unemployment, low labour force participation and early retirement. Excessively long vacations are only the tip of the iceberg.
6) European countries have much lower fertility rates than the United States: "Living at home with your family is the most effective method of contraception ever invented."
7) The typical European five-week August vacation is inefficient, congested and boring. The typical short American vacation taken several times per year to different places with different people provides a higher payoff of leisure per day. The perennial law of diminishing returns never seemed more appropriate.
8) Vacation time is a hedge against coronary disease.
9) All together, these infirmities account for a lion’s share of the enormous health-care costs borne by Americans.
10) In simple terms, rather than being an economic drain, vacations may significantly decrease unproductive expenditures associated with poor health.
11) Researchers have documented the degree to which many of children's strongest memories are of their vacations with their families.
12) And psychologists such as Tim Kasser and Leaf Van Boven have found that for most citizens of the industrial North, time affluence, including ample vacation time, brings more long-term satisfaction than material affluence does.  
13) Those who oppose long European vacations often do so in the name of greater economic growth.
14) A recent Harvard Business School study found that in one large company, workers who experimented with predictable and required time off actually produced more than their colleagues who worked longer hours.
15) Yet even if they produced a bit less, the tradeoff would be worth it.

Comment

Why the average income per head in Western Europe was still less than that in America, though Europe is rich? There are various ways to account for; however, the starkest difference between the two countries is Europe’s five weeks vacation contrasting America’s two weeks holiday.

Robert Gordon argues Europeans are poverty-stricken slackers. Although they are time affluence, their holiday is inefficient and downscale, for they are suffering material constraints. On the other side, the flush Americans can splash out on a nice vacation due to their extra working hours.

John de Graaf, his opponent, holds that comprehensively Europeans are wiser than Americans and people in the United States would consider learning from European, for predictable and required breaks and the non-material joys are beneficial for the nation in a long-term perspective.

ieyangj08UID: 2743219

zhangbaoke 前辈的同主题

Ever since the first artistic work comes into being, artistic works begin to serve to reveal the artists inner emotion and hidden ideas of society. At the same, the function of art also includes displaying beauty and bringing people pleasure. Therefore, the author's assertion has some merit, but it does not fairly generalize the function of art. Although art can reveal hidden ideas and impulses of society, it also has other functions.

First, focusing our attention on literature, we tend to realize that literary works, which seemingly serve to reveal artists' inner emotion, actually reflect the hidden ideas and impulses of society. It is because that the literature is based on past or current historical background. Admittedly, what distinguishes literature from purely objective account is it involves in artists' personal emotions and ideas. However, the literary work, in essence, mainly mirror the social value and impulses, while author's emotion serves to make it vivid and more subjective. Taking the Mark Twain's artistic work as example, his novels primarily reflect the people's view of slavery in 19th century in Missouri area, although his personal idea is involved in. Another compelling example is Charles Dickens' novels disclose the value system of people in Britain in 19 century by depicting the affliction of children and poor as well as attitude of surrounding people. Obviously, his works serve mainly to reveal the hidden ideas and impulses of society. In a word, the literature, without involving any hidden social ideas and impulses, is meaningless, even though it is fraught with author's personal emotion.

Similarly, as for architectural works, they also serve to reveal the social value rather than convey personal ideas.  Since architectural works are always funded by authority or religious groups, which represent the social ideas, the artistic works in architecture actually reflect the social value. A Byzantine cathedral, for instance, which is featured by excessive embellishment, advocates a concern with sumptuous lives. On the other hand, A Gothic church, which is characterized by grandeur, stresses the solemn atmosphere. It serves to reflect people's piety to God. In short, architectural masterpieces also serve to reveal social hidden value.

However, shifting our focus from architecture to painting, it is tempting to realize that the first and foremost function of painting is conveying painter's personal emotion rather than revealing social ideas. Unlike architecture, portraits, usually, are not subsidized by any people other than painters themselves. Therefore, they could depict what they desire to express. The Degas' portrait of Absinthe Drinker, for example, depicts a picture in which a dejected women is drinking absinthe, which is deemed to be addictive and lethal, to release her depression. The whole picture absolutely reflects Degas's personal view about lives, irrelevant of social value and hidden ideas. In the same way, his another picture Combing the Hair completely results from his aesthetic view, regardless of social value and hidden ideas. In short, since the process of creating a masterpiece in painting involves no subsidy from outside, the painter has no responsibility to take society into consideration. Thus, the portrait tends to purely reflect painters' personal interests.

To sum up, Despite that paintings tend to reflect painters' personal ideas rather than othrewise social hidden impulses, other artists' works such as architecture and literature serve to reflect social value.

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1.31
       状态不错，Comment、同主题学习、题库、单词。明天继续加油！
       因为你热爱这份工作，所以你才如此勤奋。

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2.1
       今天的任务：整理楼层，重新列2月的计划，将近期和之前写的文章传上来。

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Issue2  Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society.

Dose competition brings more advantage than disadvantage to our society? In my observation, competition is beneficial either in the respect of individual or in the respect of society, whereas overdue competition will bring more detriments to us. Although temperate competition is useful, we should not ignore the function of cooperation, and learn how to seek a balance between them.

In the microscopic respect, competition, which promotes the process of adaptation, brings more benefits than detriments to the individuals. As we all known the natural resource is limited to all individuals, thus the individuals should compete with each other to get the necessary resource. At the end of these serious competitions, the stronger will get the rare resource and gradually become more excellent, while the weaker will be eliminated, thus competition helps to choose those better to survive and ultimately promote the evolution of the individual. The spirit of the Olympic Games, Faster, Higher, and Stronger, can fully illustrates this point. Competitions between the athletes promote them to try out all their strength, therefore the world records are broken, which indicates in certain realms human surpassed their precedent record again and a new limit of human in that realm is born. Therefore, it is the competition that promotes the development of the certain sport realm.

In the macroscopic respect, competition accelerates the whole society’s development and enhances the efficiency of the whole society. In the competition no groups want to be obsolete, in virtue of this each groups implement many effective measures to improve themselves, consequently the whole society’s efficiency are enhanced. There are numerous examples to illustrate this view in business, politics, and technology. A case in point is the business competition between the Cock Cola and the Pepsi Cola, which is known as the war between” the red” and ”the blue”. Cock Cola is the monopoly of Cola market, when Pepsi Cola is young, and found this competition-less situation was detrimental in the long run perspective. Therefore, Cock Cola supported the young the Pepsi Cola in many respects and cultivated it as its future competitor. We all see that nowadays competition between the red and the blue not only benefit the Coke Cola, which still occupies the main marker of the Cola business, but also do advantage to the Cola market, which is represented by the cheaper price and the better quality.

Admittedly competition can do more benefits in both micro-scope and macro-scope, however, overdue competition can play the opposite role and is more detrimental. As the essence of competition is cruel, when the stress from the competitor is enormous the participant might violates the moral and ethical standards in order to gain the advantage, which will certainly do harm to our society. The price war in the business and the inferior quality products are the proper examples to illustrate this view. To avoid these disasters, our authorities and relevant organizations should guide the competitions, and correct the competitors when they break the law or moral standards. Guiding competition into conformity is as significant as the conforming the liberal.

Although there are many benefits of competition as described above, the relationship between the competitors is not exclusively opposite, in addition they should be cooperated with each other. The main inherent propose of competition is to enhance oneself not to surpass the others, thus the competitors could collaborate with each other to chase the double-win. Therefore, a good competitor should learn how to seek a competition and cooperation balance with the other participants.

In sum, in the temperate scope competition ultimately does more benefits than detriments to both individual and society. Authorities and relevant organizations should restraint the competitors in the law and moral standards, as well as the participants of the competitions should seek a balance between competition and cooperation with the other.

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Issue3  It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generation.

Which problems deserve more money, the urgent social problems or the long-playing fundamental research? In response to this issue, we need to analyze the proposition comprehensively from the dialectic perspective, the nature of the truth by critical analysis of the concepts and hypotheses. The author declares that the urgent social problem deserve more attention, however, it oversimplifies this issue. In my respective, both problems are significant for us and need our money allocation.

In the first respect, the long-term research is beneficial both to our future development and to our offspring, though its circle is long-playing and needs a sustaining investment. Both the fundamental mathematical research and the physical research are the typically represents of these problems. They all need long-term to bring out great achievements, nevertheless once they got any a little progress there will means a enormous advance in human’s history. History is replete with proper examples to illustrate this view, such as the calculations result of the precious value of the Pi, the Newton’s law of motion, and the equation linking the quality and the energy, all of which need long-term investment to support the scientists work, but their result markedly influenced their contemporary and future development in many realms. We can’t image how the technique will develop and how life will be in future days, if we don’t allocate money for these fundamental researches.  

In the second respect, urgent social problems, which will become more serious if we don’t pay enough attention to, need our attention and money investment. 未完