1006G 备考日记 by ieyangj08——行胜于言

ieyangj08UID: 2743219

Quotation Marks

Direct Quotations
Direct quotations involve incorporating another person's exact words into your own writing.
1. Quotation marks always come in pairs. Do not open a quotation and fail to close it at the end of the quoted material
2. Capitalize the first letter of a direct quote when the quoted material is a complete sentence.
Mr. Johnson, who was working in his field that morning, said, "The alien spaceship appeared right before my own two eyes."
3. Do not use a capital letter when the quoted material is a fragment or only a piece of the original material's complete sentence.
Although Mr. Johnson has seen odd happenings on the farm, he stated that the spaceship "certainly takes the cake" when it comes to unexplainable activity.
4. If a direct quotation is interrupted mid-sentence, do not capitalize the second part of the quotation.
"I didn't see an actual alien being," Mr. Johnson said, "but I sure wish I had."
5. In all the examples above, note how the period or comma punctuation always comes before the final quotation mark.  
Sic  tells the reader that your quote is an exact reproduction of what you found, and the error is not your own.
Mr. Johnson says of the experience, "it's made me reconsider the existence of extraterestials [sic]."
6. Quotations are most effective if you use them sparingly and keep them relatively short. Too many quotations may also bore a reader who wants to know primarily what YOU have to say on the subject.

Indirect Quotations
Mr. Johnson, a local farmer, reported last night that he saw an alien spaceship on his own property.

Extended Rules for Using Quotation Marks
1) Original Quote: The quarterback told the reporter, "It's quite simple. They played a better game, scored more points, and that's why we lost."
2) Omitted Material: The quarterback told the reporter, "It's quite simple. They . . . scored more points, and that's why we lost."
3) Added Material: The quarterback told the reporter, "It's quite simple. They [the other team] played a better game, scored more points, and that's why we lost."

Use quotations marks for:
·Titles of short or minor works
·Songs
·Short Stories
·Essays
·Short Poems
·One Act Plays
·Other literary works shorter than a three act play or complete book
·Titles of sections from longer works
·Chapters in books
·Articles in newspapers, magazines, or journals
·Episodes of television and radio series
Underlining or italics are used for the titles of long pieces or works that contain smaller sections.

Quotation Mark Exercise
1."Mary is trying hard in school this semester," her father said.
2."No," the taxi driver said curtly, "I cannot get you to the airport in fifteen minutes."
3."I believe," Jack remarked, "that the best time of year to visit Europe is in the spring. At least that's what I read in a book entitled Guide to Europe."
4.My French professor told me that my accent 口音 is abominable.糟糕的
5.She asked, "Is Time a magazine you read regularly?"
6.Flannery O'Connor probably got the title of one of her stories from the words of the old popular song, "A Good Man Is Hard to Find."
7.When did Roosevelt say, "We have nothing to fear but fear itself"?
8.It seems to me that hip and cool are words that are going out of style.
9.Yesterday, John said, "This afternoon I'll bring back your book Conflict in the Middle East"; however, he did not return it.
10."Can you believe," Dot asked me, "that it has been almost five years since we've seen each other?"
11."A Perfect Day for Bananafish" is, I believe, J. D. Salinger's best short story.
12."Certainly," Mr. Martin said, "I shall explain the whole situation to him. I know that he will understand."

ieyangj08UID: 2743219

Transitions

1）Example: Overall, Management Systems International has logged increased sales in every sector, leading to a significant rise in third-quarter profits.
Another important thing to note is that the corporation had expanded its international influence.
Revision: Overall, Management Systems International has logged increased sales in every sector, leading to a significant rise in third-quarter profits.
These impressive profits are largely due to the corporation's expanded international influence.
2）Example: Fearing for the loss of Danish lands, Christian IV signed the Treaty of Lubeck, effectively ending the Danish phase of the 30 Years War.
But then something else significant happened. The Swedish intervention began.
Revision: Fearing for the loss of more Danish lands, Christian IV signed the Treaty of Lubeck, effectively ending the Danish phase of the 30 Years War.
Shortly after Danish forces withdrew, the Swedish intervention began.
3）Example: Amy Tan became a famous author after her novel, The Joy Luck Club, skyrocketed up the bestseller list.
There are other things to note about Tan as well. Amy Tan also participates in the satirical garage band the Rock Bottom Remainders with Stephen King and Dave Barry.
Revision: Amy Tan became a famous author after her novel, The Joy Luck Club, skyrocketed up the bestseller list.
Though her fiction is well known, her work with the satirical garage band the Rock Bottom Remainders receives far less publicity.

Transitional Devices
To Add:and, again, and then, besides, equally important, finally, further, furthermore, nor, too, next, lastly, what's more, moreover, in addition, first (second, etc.)
To Compare:whereas, but, yet, on the other hand, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, by comparison, where, compared to, up against, balanced against, vis a vis, but, although, conversely, meanwhile, after all, in contrast, although this may be true
To Prove:because, for, since, for the same reason, obviously, evidently, furthermore, moreover, besides, indeed, in fact, in addition, in any case, that is
To Show Exception:yet, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, of course, once in a while, sometimes
To Show Time:immediately, thereafter, soon, after a few hours, finally, then, later, previously, formerly, first (second, etc.), next, and then
To Repeat:in brief, as I have said, as I have noted, as has been noted
To Emphasize:definitely 明确地, extremely, obviously, in fact, indeed, in any case, absolutely, positively, naturally, surprisingly, always, forever, perennially, eternally, never, emphatically, unquestionably, without a doubt, certainly, undeniably, without reservation
To Show Sequence:first, second, third, and so forth. A, B, C, and so forth. next, then, following this, at this time, now, at this point, after, afterward, subsequently 随后, finally, consequently, previously 以前, before this, simultaneously, concurrently, thus, therefore, hence, next, and then, soon
To Give an Example:for example, for instance, in this case, in another case, on this occasion, in this situation, take the case of, to demonstrate, to illustrate, as an illustration
To Summarize or Conclude:in brief, on the whole, summing up, to conclude, in conclusion, as I have shown, as I have said, hence, therefore, accordingly, thus, as a result, consequently, on the whole

ieyangj08UID: 2743219

Phrasal & idioms

·drop off - decline gradually        The hill dropped off near the river
·drop off - fall asleep             While doing his homework, he dropped off.
·drop off - stop and give something to someone      Would you drop this off at the post office?
·drop out - cease to participate            After two laps, the runner dropped out.

·Separable
add up (meaning: to add)
Correct: She added up the total on her calculator.
Correct: She added it up on her calculator.

·Inseparable
get around (meaning: to evade)
Correct: She always gets around the rules.
Incorrect: She always gets the rules around (This construction makes no sense in English.)

·Intransitive 不及物
catch on (meaning: to understand)
Correct: After I explained the math problem, she began to catch on.
Incorrect: She began to catch on the math problem.  
Correct: She began to catch on to the math problem.  

具体词组见
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-982753-1-1.html

ieyangj08UID: 2743219

第一次作业的语法部分全部看完，笔记很多，为什么我总是这么贪婪，新知识和不太熟悉的知识都想摘录下来:L近几天复习语法的同时还在按计划坚持背单词，感觉这样的效果比之前要好。这周要尽快完成作业8，尽快开始comment:)

ieyangj08UID: 2743219

阅读测试

评分: 3-4-4-3-2-5-3

一遍时间 读懂时间 读懂遍数  评分
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1:43        7:37         4          3     不太习惯短阅读的行文模式
3:30        7:41         2          4     这篇还好
3:10                        1          4     这篇也还好，比较好理解
1:28                        1          3     速度有待提高
2:19                        1          2     阅读速度有待提高
2:10         4:40        2          5     感谢实验室大量的英文论文阅读工作，这篇中生词没有构成阅读障碍
3:17                        1          3     文章不难，但真的不能完全理解那种意境，原谅我是理工科学生吧

有待提高的地方
1）短阅读：多做练习，熟悉文章行文模式。
2）阅读速度：读文章时应减少关注的点，忽略一些细节，似乎这样才能提高速度。
3）文章意境体会：加强练习。

ieyangj08UID: 2743219

1.20
      早上作了阅读测试，在AW版转了转。花了一下午和半晚上的时间改完了本学期助教的最后一次作业和最终的大作业。现在关机回去背单词，今天要背9个list。
      明天得赶一篇摘要，估计得花些时间，事情好多，加油！

ieyangj08UID: 2743219

如何有效的准备AW
写作是一个短期内不断进步的过程，所以最有效的方法就是：不停的写，不停的改。我们推荐的写作频率是初期2天一篇（A或者I都可以），中期一天一篇，后期模考的时候一天2篇。而改的方法，最有效的有两个，一个是参与作文小组进行互改，另一个是自改。实际上我个人更推荐自改的方式，只有当自改遇到瓶颈的时候，他人的互改才更加有效。

AW泛读资料
网站：
abcnews
yahoo(这两个主要是时事新闻)
wikipedia
www.historians.org(对历史类ISSUE有帮助)

站内资料：
POOH的百宝箱  https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=235421&extra=page%3D1%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D34
追星剑特训 https://bbs.gter.net/forumdisplay.php?fid=606&filter=type&typeid=50
每日一评 https://bbs.gter.net/forumdisplay.php?fid=606&filter=type&typeid=35

AW里面，思想>段落逻辑>语言是永远不变的真理。

推荐的限时开始时间是考前20天，当然如果能力足够，限时越早越好。

北美范文和官方范文的区别
北美范文是某个文学功底很强的老外为了帮助所有AW考生写的一本参考书，里面全部是他自己写的AW文章，大概囊括了1/3-1/2的AW题目，其中包括很多高频，文章的用词和语言也很不错。但是这本书有一个很致命的弱点就是它的作者只有一个人，所以写出来的作文风格全部是千篇一律的死板，而且此书出版于04年，到现在已经5年时间了，毫不夸张的说世界上至少有10万人以上是背过里面的文章来写AW的。因此ETS在这本书方面卡雷同卡的很死，全部模仿里面的文章写容易拿到很低的分。
官方范文是ETS报名GRE考试的时候给出的6个话题各1-6分的文章，一共是36篇，这些文章首先它们的权威性非常的强，其次可以通过同一个话题1-6分之间的文章对比获得ETS打分的时候更看重哪方面。因此这些文章才应该是复习的时候必备的资料。

Argument如果你能找出4+个错误，与其每个错误用1，2句分析草草带过，不如就写两个关键错误，每个错误写上150-200字来得分高。当然，这个字数的前提是模板句里面的套路话和废话必须排除在外。

通常情况下Argument30分钟限时应当达到400-450字,Issue45分钟限时应当达到500-550字左右,算下来大概考场录入速度能够达到每分钟15词左右就已经足够.
不过中国学生的事实是用在思维上的时间会远远超于打字的时间,因此打字速度当然是越快越好.打中文速度很快,但是用拼音输入法打中文和打英文是完全不同的两个概念,英文录入比中文录入要花时间的多.

网络标准通用题号https://bbs.gter.net/thread-139480-1-1.html
                       https://bbs.gter.net/thread-139481-1-1.html

同主题写作 https://bbs.gter.net/forum-606-1.html

Argument模板工具箱 https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=694377&extra=page%3D1%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D146

Argument 闪光句型 https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=176645&extra=page%3D1%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D59  

Argument经典句型 https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=177409&extra=page%3D1%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D59

I  A技术类思考、框架熏陶、素材积累、行文句式、词汇转换 https://bbs.gter.net/thread-709588-1-1.html

GT家园作文版结构介绍 GRE作文精华区、精彩专题系列、Issue综合参考区、Argument综合参考区

太强大了，非常感谢GT家园和作文版！

ieyangj08UID: 2743219

1.21
      整理了一份英文论文摘要，是件大工程。阅读了GT的新手指南和超级入口。填写了check list，但没有草草的邮箱，也不知道现在还接收否。单词13-15，复习10-12，4-6。
     今天基本完成任务，明天可以开始写comment了：）

ieyangj08UID: 2743219

1.22 comment

好句
Follow the crowd and you will never be followed by a crowd.
Absence makes the heart grow fonder.
Nietzsche quote, "You have your way. I have my way. As for the right way, the correct way, and the only way, it does not exist."
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844 ~ 1900): "The surest way to corrupt a youth is to instruct him to hold in higher esteem those who think alike than those who think differently."

Comment
Conformity or individuality, which one will you choose? It belongs to a class classic problem whose two answers are each side of a coin, and each one has both good and bad. Choosing conformity could make you stand in a safe place and be easy to get along with your future work. However, you might lose the opportunity of becoming outstanding. Yes, if there is a gain, there is also a lost. On the other side, choosing individuality, you might be successful through arduous effort, but at the same time you will undertake more pressures and meet more challenges in the foreseeable future. After all, no gambling, no win.

ieyangj08UID: 2743219

1.22
      今天情况特殊，早些上来写日志。
      早上第一次做了comments，起初只知道100字英文即可，不知道具体是写文章摘要还是自己对这个话题的观点，阅读了之前几次comments中大家的评论，终于顺利完成了。下午两个会，晚上收拾东西，明天回家：）抽空还得复习今天的单词16-18，复习13-15，7-9。

ieyangj08UID: 2743219

1.23

Sentence

IT IS bonus season again.
The pact between society and banks has changed dramatically over the years. Once, banks got liquidity support from a lender of last resort. In the 20th century they got state-backed deposit-guarantee schemes. And now they enjoy an implicit blanket guarantee of all their liabilities, allowing them to borrow cheaply.
The Basel club is making a decent fist of rewriting its rules on capital and liquidity, forcing the banks to operate with larger safety buffers.

Comment

After last year’s Sub-prime Crisis caused by the real estate bubble, the U.S. government issued a series of related economic policies. Recently, the Obama government plans to charge banks an annual insurance fee to prevent banks bailed out. However, this might cann’t solve the problem, for the crux is the pact between society and banks are changed dramatically in recent years. Loan guarantees needed are getting lower and lower in the past few years, which reduced safety buffer and also do harm for both banker's customers and their staff. The Basel club will modify rules on capital and liquidity, and the new buffer might work out, yet it still have to resolve some issues in implement.

ieyangj08UID: 2743219

1.23
      今天回家了。晚上复习了单词19-21，16-18，10-12，做了今天的Comment。
      这是一篇关于经济和政策的文章，整个Comment花了不少时间，但熟悉和积累了一些经济方面词汇和表达。另外，文章中的比喻非常生动，很值得学习。文章的逻辑结构也很值得学习：提出事件，对其否定，提出解决，可能困难。

ieyangj08UID: 2743219

1.24
      洗具，昨天大风，Comment做到一半断网了。
    今早网络恢复，上来把昨天的日志和Comment补上。单词22-24，复习19-21，13-15，1-3。开始看题库了。

ieyangj08UID: 2743219

1.24

Sentence

This brings us to the nub of the debate: do women have a better opportunity today to realize their potential than they did in the past? I think the answer must be a resounding "yes".

And in trying to do both things many women are bearing a burden that their mothers were spared.

Tomorrow there will be more work and women should embark on the rest of their journey, wherever they believe they should be heading, in the knowledge that they are second to no man.

Men need to be part of that struggle, directing some of their own ambitions in the direction of good parenting, so that the raising of families is accepted as something that demands equal input and that is valued in society, particularly by governments and employers.

Comment

The topics with regard to women’s status are always controversial ones, and this is no exception. The original point of view is women in the developed world have never had it so good, however, the opposition party hold the idea that whether the contemporary women are happier than their mothers is still a topic to be deliberated, let alone “have never had it so good”.

In Richard Donkin’s argument, who is a supporter of the original standpoint, he says that except for competing economy and wage with men, women will view the caring roles, such as looking after children or the elderly, as good opportunities for self-realization, for these roles are very important for our mankind as a whole and women are naturally suitable for these jobs than men.

In my view, his perspective potentially conveys the idea that men are not naturally suitable for the caring roles, thus they can care little on these and occupy the management and economy positions deservedly. Whereas, the nub is that positions of management and economy have more rights and voice than the caring roles in our present world.

ieyangj08UID: 2743219

噼里啪啦看Issue之第一期之Issue 209  

No.9——Issue 209 "Progress is best made through discussion among people who have contrasting points of view."
KEY WORD: best，discuss，among contrasting
可用于与合作，竞争，进步相关的题材
属于行为类和综合类

1. What does X mean? (Definition)
X=progress
Please look up in dictionary yourselves，in order to keep it in your minds
2. What are the various features of X? (Description)
progress可以分为两类，一类物质，一类精神
physically and mentally
3. What are the component parts of X? (Simple Analysis)
physically and mentally
4. How is X made or done? (Process Analysis)
题目中是说from discussion
我们自己思考的话，需要想想平时还有除了discuss的哪些
5. How should X be made or done? (Directional Analysis)
题目中是说discuss among people who have contrasting points of view.
我们自己思考的话，可以从多方面出发考虑。
第一．是否是有争端的人所做的讨论才是最好的（有争端/没有争端）
第二．Discussion是否一定是best （discussion/competition/learning）
第三．have contrasting view的people是否能够sit around to discuss
6. What is the essential function of X? (Functional Analysis)
Progress can ameliorate level of people’s life.
这里，life同样分mentally 和 physically
7. What are the causes of X? (Causal Analysis)
Discussion
这个问题和四五两个问题很像
8. What are the consequences of X? (Causal Analysis)
Mentally 和 physically
相互组合，一共四组
9. What are the types of X? (Classification)
行为类，综合类
10. How is X like or unlike Y? (Comparison)
无相关
11. What is the present status of X? (Comparison)
Gradually moving on
12. What is the significance of X? (Interpretation)
No progress，ends comes
13. What are the facts about X? (Reportage)
无相关
14. How did X happen? (Narration)
同4.5.7
15. What kind of person is X? (Characterization/Profile)
无相关
16. What is my personal response to X? (Reflection)
正反中立
It depends on you
17. What is my memory of X? (Reminiscence)
无相关。其实这就是观点的立场。
18. What is the value of X? (Evaluation)
Vital
19. What are the essential major points or features of X? (Summary)
4.5.
20. What case can be made for or against X? (Persuasion)
无相关。
或者说，这是这道题的反面论证。

REASONING
没有正反方，这取决于每个人自己，我只是分析一下。而这题的重点在于2.4.5.6四个问题
我们采用倒推法。
1)切入点：best made
不同观点讨论的人之间进行讨论真的是产生进步的最好方法吗？（yes）
è 为什么这是最好的方法？（阐述该方法所拥有的无可能比的好处）è其他方法哪里不好了（对比该方法）è这个方法是对现在来说最好的，还是以后都是最好的？è如果这不是普遍适用的真理，那么我们应该如何改进，以适用于未来呢？è采取哪些具体措施呢？è这些措施可行吗？
不同观点讨论的人之间进行讨论真的是产生进步的最好方法吗？（no）
è 为什么这不是最好的方法？（阐述该方法所拥有的缺陷）è其他方法有哪些方法è哪一种最为突出è为什么呢？è它有缺陷吗è如果有缺陷，我们应该如何改进，以使进步更加出色è具体有哪些措施呢？è还有更好的产生进步的方法吗？è这些措施可行吗？
2)切入点：progress
什么是progressè物质和精神è物质上的progress和精神上的progress相关吗（无关）è为什么无关？è那么如何分立地来make progress？（这就回到了best made中的一些问题中去了）
什么是progressè物质和精神è物质上的progress和精神上的progress相关吗（相关）è为什么相关？è如何相关（分四种情况），然后根据自己观点一一展开论述
3)切入点：discussion
什么是Discussion？ècontrasting opinion的人能够有discussion吗？（能）è为什么能？都contrasting了耶ècontrasting的discussion有哪些优点？è在哪些场合需要通过discussion来make progress？哪些场合不行？
什么是Discussion？ècontrasting opinion的人能够有discussion吗？（不能）è为什么呢？è不和谐的话会产生争吵è那要怎样才能make progress呢？（又回到如何make best progress）

每个思考还能延伸出更多的黑色箭头，每个思考点也许可能只是文章中的一两句话，但是，这是一种分析方法，当你无处下手的时候，一个有一个问号接连下去，然后在众多线索中选取相关的思考点入手，把握逻辑，那么长期积累，一定会有所成效。