@@茶叶蛋炒饭@@ 第八次作业 Issue43 请组员跟帖

Athena.missingUID: 2710486

High ethical and moral standard is a noticeable part in human dignity of a full-developed individual, not to mention a leader of a company, a community, even a country. There is an assertion popular with the mass that an effective public leader must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards. To some extent, this is persuasive, for we can benefit a lot under the leadership of a noble and honorable politician. But this assertion isn’t always true under other circumstances.

As a public figure who shoulders the responsibility to realize the welfare of ordinary people who vote for him, a leader must embody at least three functions. Firstly, to meet the need and desire of the voters. That is to say, the focus of a public official should be the happiness and prosperity of the citizens, not their own interests. A high ethical and moral standard could guarantee the role a politician play in public affairs, avoid them from working for their own gains too much, and ensure the effectiveness and fairness of their work. Secondly, an effective leader should have the ability to represent the spiritual outlook of the common people and the mental development level of the society. Under certain circumstances, he shall also set an example to his people on some ethical and moral problems. In this sense, a public leader should be in possession of higher social and personal morals than ordinary people. Thirdly, he should achieve the goal to unite a nation and enhance the cohesive power of the people. The personality and charisma of a leader is a strong driving force on the way to fulfill the national unity and prosperity. Nelson Mandela, the former president of South Africa, who devoted his whole life to the emancipation movement of black slaves and won the respect and honor of people even nowadays, has improved the solidarity of a country unprecedentedly. His contribution lies largely in his personal integrity and attractiveness. Without a shadow of doubt, high ethics and morals are vital factors to make an influential and competent leader.

But in another sense, even though a public leader should be a righteous and noble person, he is completely different from a moral leader. He needn’t to practice every articles listed in the “moral rules”. The effectiveness of a public official is much more decided by the contribution and achievements he has gained in his political career. When give an assessment of a successful leader, it is the governance ability, diplomatic ability and the ability to bring his people happiness that count. Politicians are always bothered by various scandals, even so, we can’t efface the feats of President Roosevelt in Great Depression due to his addiction to alcohol, neither can we deny economic boom in the 8-year presidency of Bill Clinton because of the affair with the intern in White House. The famous black American civil rights leader, Martin Luther King, is also under criticism for his lust for women. But he is still long remembered by the history as a national hero. From this point of view, we can reiterate the point that a political leader needn’t to be a moral leader as well. There is no perfect man in the world; a little bit flaws cannot overshadow the merits and achievements of them.

Moreover, a public leader is a person with special identity. Sometimes he has to do something that seems to violate the moral code, to ensure the interest of the majority of people, or to pave way for a more lofty purpose. Telling lie is considered to be dishonest and hence improper and dishonorable. It is not encouraged by the conventional ethics, but when it is placed in the realm of politics, things are different. There are always some “white lies” made up by some politicians to avoid havoc in the society or to reach a profound and meaningful target. Moderate rhetoric is harmless.

To sum up, a public leader must be in possession of a high ethical and moral standard, but not necessary to be the highest, for the nature of a politician is not that rigid in the morality field. Moreover, it is sometimes acceptable for some actions of the public leaders who haven’t strictly obeyed the regulations of social moral conventions. A leader is designed to bring welfare and stability of people, not to set up a moral example under the witness of publics.

imlifewillingUID: 2706999

懒蚂蚁

Are the highest ethical and moral standards the preconditions for a leader to be an effective one? In my observation, it is true that people, including public officials, should try their best to attain ethical and moral standards since they are the foundations of human beings. However, the highest standards are not the prerequisites for a effective leader. What's more, other elements which can enhance the effectiveness of an official cannot be ignored.


In the first place, there is no denying the fact that ethical and moral standards are the bases of human beings, and everyone has the responsibilities to obey them. When it comes to public officials, on an individual level, they must be more careful about their activities in everyday life for the reason that they represent the institutions and are the paragons of the public. If they have some flaws in their daily life, they will be stepped down from the stage. What's more, these adverse activities may do harm to the public's credence and confidence to the governments, which would eventually threaten the stability of our society. In a word, every body needs the ethical and moral standards especially the public officials who play an important role in out society.


In the second place, because there is no creteria for determining what kind of ethics and morality is the highest one, it is difficult or even impossible for people to achieve them, no matter they are normal ones or public officials. People's attitude toward one thing may be totally different, therefore everyone has his/her own principles to determine what he/she can do or cannot do. When it comes to public officials, achieving the ethical and moral standards according to the favorites of a majority of the public is essential for them to get their stations and helps them a lot in their tenures. A public official with higher ethical and moral standards than his/her opponents, for example, may have more possibilities to win in a campaign. Since it is not possible for a leader to achieve the pinnacle of human ethics and morality, it brings some benefits to him/her by achieving the standards at an appropriate level.


What's more, high ethical and moral standards may do harm to the effectiveness of public officials. In addition, other elements that have positive effects to the effectiveness are indispensable for a leader to become an effective and successful one. On one hand, in some situations, it is not wisdom for leaders to insist on these standards. Totally honesty, for instance, is not available in some circumstances. On one can defy that there are some secret projects in every country all over the world. Can you imagine what would happen if the government tell all the truths about those experiments? Maybe the public will argue for using these money to sovle the present questions even though the experiments are significant in the future. So when individual morality contradicts the public morality, an effective leader needs to sacrifice his morality for the profits of the public.


On the other hand, the capacity of a leader is also important for him/her to be effective. Wisdom, competence, tolerance, responsiveness to urgency and so forth are indispensable for an effective leader. It is ridiculous to judge a public leader's effectiveness without the consequences of his/her work, which is based on his abilities in tackling with the trifles in everyday life. We can say that the leaders who can bring great benefits to the public is effective, and together with the high standards of ethics and morality makes a wonderful one.


To sum up, public leaders need more than just excellent ethical and moral standards to be more effective. An effective leader is the one who can use all what he/she has in a proper way to gain more benefits for his/her subordinates and himself/herself.

懒蚂蚁 改 Athena

High ethical and moral standard is a noticeable part in human dignity of a full-developed individual, not to mention a leader of a company, a community, even a country. There is an assertion popular with the mass that an effective public leader must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards. To some extent, this is persuasive, for we can benefit a lot under the leadership of a noble and honorable politician. But this assertion isn’t always true under other circumstances.
开头点名主题，有些地方好，有些地方不好。不错。
As a public figure who shoulders the responsibility to realize the welfare of ordinary people who vote for him, a leader must embody at least three functions. Firstly, to meet the need and desire of the voters. That is to say, the focus of a public official should be the happiness and prosperity of the citizens, not their own interests. A high ethical and moral standard could guarantee the role a politician play in public affairs, avoid them from working for their own gains too much, and ensure the effectiveness and fairness of their work. Secondly, an effective leader should have the ability to represent the spiritual outlook of the common people and the mental development level of the society. Under certain circumstances, he shall also set an example to his people on some ethical and moral problems. In this sense, a public leader should be in possession of higher social and personal morals than ordinary people. Thirdly, he should achieve the goal to unite a nation and enhance the cohesive power of the people. The personality and charisma of a leader is a strong driving force on the way to fulfill the national unity and prosperity. Nelson Mandela, the former president of South Africa, who devoted his whole life to the emancipation movement of black slaves and won the respect and honor of people even nowadays, has improved the solidarity of a country（the country 或者 his country） unprecedentedly. His contribution lies largely in his personal integrity and attractiveness. Without a shadow of doubt, high ethics and morals are vital factors to make an influential and competent leader.
从三个方面说明了领导者需要high enthics and morals. 最后一方面的例子是不是可以说明的再好一些。你直接说有关系，最好说下如何有关系，才更有说服力。
But in another sense, even though a public leader should be a righteous and noble person, he is completely different from a moral leader（这个来的有点突兀哦）. He needn’t to practice every articles listed in the “moral rules”. The effectiveness of a public official is much more decided by the contribution and achievements he has gained in his political career. When give an assessment of a successful leader, it is the governance ability, diplomatic ability and the ability to bring his people happiness that count. Politicians are always bothered by various scandals, even so, we can’t efface the feats of President Roosevelt in Great Depression due to his addiction to alcohol, neither can we deny economic boom in the 8-year presidency of Bill Clinton because of the affair with the intern in White House. The famous black American civil rights leader, Martin Luther King, is also under criticism for his lust for women. But he is still long remembered by the history as a national hero. From this point of view, we can reiterate the point that a political leader needn’t to be a moral leader as well. There is no perfect man in the world; a little bit flaws cannot overshadow the merits and achievements of them.
这段写不需要成为思想领袖。其实也还可以。要是非得找毛病的话，我觉得就是写的有点隐晦。感觉你想要表达的意思是和他们的成就相比，可以犯一些错误。而这些错误不是为大众谋求利益，只是个人的原因。这难道真的可以说的通？当然这段没有什么问题，写的也很好。我就是鸡蛋里面挑骨头。哈哈。
Moreover, a public leader is a person with special identity. Sometimes he has to do something that seems to violate the moral code, to ensure the interestS of the majority of people, or to pave way for a more lofty purpose. Telling lie is considered to be dishonest and hence improper and dishonorable. It is not encouraged by the conventional ethics, but when it is placed in the realm of politics, things are different. There are always some “white lies” made up by some politicians to avoid havoc in the society or to reach a profound and meaningful target. Moderate rhetoric is harmless.
感觉这段论证好匆忙，哈哈。最好举个例子说明下。
To sum up, a public leader must be in possession of a high ethical and moral standard, but not necessary to be the highest, for the nature of a politician is not that rigid in the morality field. Moreover, it is sometimes acceptable for some actions of the public leaders who haven’t strictly obeyed the regulations of social moral conventions. A leader is designed to bring welfare and stability of people, not to set up a moral example under the witness of publics

总结，文章写的很流畅，表述的思想也比较清晰，看不出什么大毛病，我自己觉得不太理解的也写在文中了。
还有就是你写了740多字啊？我写了640字就觉得很多了。还是精简下吧。只不过这篇文章确实很难收笔。
个人愚见。

mikestoneUID: 2734495

43"To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards."


The statement of the speaker is too extreme. In my view, a public official, who wants to be an effective leader, should maintain high ethical and moral standards. However, maintaining the highest ethical and morality standards is unnecessary or even detrimental.

To begin with, a public leader, who hopes his work be carried on efficiently, should keep high ethical and moral standards. If an official fails to keep his/her principles and behaves against ethic and morality, people may no longer support or trust him/her. His/her words will be unpersuasive; his/her policies will not be carried on as soon as possible; and there may be a lot of adverse comments. When these things happen, how can an official continue his/her work effectively? For example, those who include in cases like bribery fail to keep their promise to public; they not only lose their positions, but also are condemned by public and punished by laws. Moreover, a great many of standards and articles are proposed by public officials. Even an ordinary civilian can maintain certain ethical and moral standards, such as loyalty and honesty, and obey law articles. If officials go against them, the standards and articles may be more and more unreliable. Without the respect towards these rules, no public official can work effectively. Therefore, to be an effective leader, a public official should maintain high ethical and moral standards.

In contrast, even a public official maintains the highest ethical and moral standards; he/she cannot make sure to become an effective leader. That is to say keeping the highest ethical and moral standards is unnecessary, because there are many other characters for an effective leader. For example, team work is an indispensable one whereas some officials don’t realize it. They may keep the highest ethical and moral standards and earn respect from others; however they are not suit to be a leader, not mention to be an effective one. Furthermore, it is impossible for effective leaders to keep the highest standards all the time. They may be angry or quarrel with others, however, they finish their work effective. So, it is unnecessary for an public to maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.

Moreover, sometimes it is detrimental for an official keep the highest ethical and moral standards. One of the most important reasons is that in some situations, no one can consider and balance all people’s interests. For example, when financial crisis attacked the world in 2008, tremendous companies reduced the population of their workers to make sure to survive in this disaster. However, the reductions caused many workers to lose their jobs. If an official wanted to consider the interests of the companies, he/she must sacrifice some workers benefits. In contrary, if he/she would like to limit these companies’ behaviors, he/she might face a serious problem that more companies would be bankrupt. In these kinds of situations, keeping the highest ethical and moral standards may lead many officials to fall into a deadlock, and lose the best time to save more people’s interests. For instance, it is hard foe some officials, who maintain the highest standards, to make an immediate decision whose benefits they need sacrifice. However, if policies are not provided as soon as possible, there may be more losses of national economy. Therefore, maintaining the highest ethical and moral standards may be even detrimental in some situations.

In sum, the view of the speaker is too extreme. Sometimes maintaining the highest ethical and moral standards may be unnecessary or even harmful.

改懒蚂蚁

Are the highest ethical and moral standards the preconditions for a leader to be an effective one? In my observation, it is true that people, including public officials, should try their best to attain ethical and moral standards since they are the foundations of human beings. However, the highest standards are not the prerequisites for a effective leader. What's more, other elements which can enhance the effectiveness of an official cannot be ignored.


In the first place, there is no denying the fact that ethical and moral standards are the bases of human beings, and everyone has the responsibilities to obey them. When it comes to public officials, on an individual level, they must be more careful about their activities in everyday life for the reason that they represent the institutions and are the paragons of the public. If they have some flaws in their daily life, they will be stepped down from the stage. What's more, these adverse activities may do harm to the public's credence and confidence to the governments, which would eventually threaten the stability of our society. In a word, every body needs the ethical and moral standards especially the public officials who play an important role in out society.


In the second place, because there are no criteria for determining what kind of ethics and morality is the highest one, it is difficult or even impossible for people to achieve them; no matter they are normal ones or public officials. People's attitude toward one thing may be totally different, therefore everyone has his/her own principles to determine what he/she can do or cannot do. When it comes to public officials, achieving the ethical and moral standards according to the favorites of a majority of the public is essential for them to get their stations and helps them a lot in their tenures. A public official with higher ethical and moral standards than his/her opponents, for example, may have more possibilities to win in a campaign. Since it is not possible for a leader to achieve the pinnacle of human ethics and morality, it brings some benefits to him/her by achieving the standards at an appropriate level.


What's more, high ethical and moral standards may do harm to the effectiveness of public officials. In addition, other elements that have positive effects to the effectiveness are indispensable for a leader to become an effective and successful one. On one hand, in some situations, it is not wisdom for leaders to insist on these standards. Totally honesty, for instance, is not available in some circumstances. On one can defy that there are some secret projects in every country all over the world. Can you imagine what would happen if the government tell all the truths about those experiments? Maybe the public will argue for using these money to solve the present questions even though the experiments are significant in the future. So when individual morality contradicts the public morality, an effective leader needs to sacrifice his morality for the profits of the public.


On the other hand, the capacity of a leader is also important for him/her to be effective. Wisdom, competence, tolerance, responsiveness to urgency and so forth are indispensable for an effective leader. It is ridiculous to judge a public leader's effectiveness without the consequences of his/her work, which is based on his abilities in tackling with the trifles in everyday life. We can say that the leaders who can bring great benefits to the public are effective, and together with the high standards of ethics and morality make a wonderful one.


To sum up, public leaders need more than just excellent ethical and moral standards to be more effective. An effective leader is the one who can use all what he/she has in a proper way to gain more benefits for his/her subordinates and himself/herself.

全文观点明确，论述的比较全面，语言流畅，字数也多，学习了

fly-2011UID: 2707582

Though the speaker believe that a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards in order to be an effective leader, I insist that it is unnecessary some time. In fact, both ethical and moral standards, and the ability to congregate people are needed in order to be an effective leader.

First, only a leader maintains the highest ethical and moral standards can he appeal others in the long run. We incline to believe in leaders who possess high moral values, and serve as our role models. For example, the US President Lincoln, possess high moral and ethical values, he always satisfy the masses' requirement, no matter how busy he was. Though he was interrupted by people everyday during working time, he would give up his own job and meet with citizens. His good quality won citizens' reliability in the long term. Many facts tell us that if a leader preserves bad moral quality, then the leader would bring great damage to the people at last. Thus, leaders must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards in order to be an effective leader.

However, some times, such as enact laws or social rules, leaders have to observe to overall principles not pamper everyone. As a fact, over emphasis on ethical and moral standards would result in harm to citizens. For instance, in China, criminals who have killed others must get severe penalty. If public officials just maintain their morals at the urgent time, such as give a slight education to these criminals, then no one would be fear to crime in society and the society would be in a mess. Leaders should acknowledge the fact that a certain number of regulations must be enacted in order to control citizens' behavior. Thus, it is unnecessary for leaders to maintain the highest ethical and moral standards all the time.

Finally, in order to be an effective leader, one has to possess not only high moral and ethical standards, but also other qualities what a leader should maintain. It is obviously that leaders have to satisfy citizens for their necessary rights. For the primary goal for social leaders is to satisfy citizens' interest and society's stability and prosperity, every citizen has his rights to express his feelings and requirements. The Chinese Leader Deng Xiaoping had great achievements in his leadership, and the reason is that he always caters to people’s interest and rights. He won a good fame for years even after his position. So being a leader must keep in heart all the standards.

In sum, I consider that though the highest ethical and moral standards are needed for a positive leader, some other elements are needed in order to maintain leadership. Moreover, the leader should have a goal in his heart, not only for himself but also for all the people.

修改楼上作文
The statement of the speaker is too extreme. In my view, a public official, who wants to be an effective leader, should maintain high ethical and moral standards. However, maintaining the highest ethical and morality(moral) standards is unnecessary or even detrimental.
开头简洁点题
To begin with, a public leader, who hopes his work be carried on efficiently, should keep high ethical and moral standards. If an official fails to keep his/her principles and behaves against ethic and morality, people may no longer support or trust him/her. His/her words will be unpersuasive; his/her policies will not be carried on as soon as possible; and there may be a lot of adverse comments. When these things happen, how can an official continue his/her work effectively? For example, those who include(included) in cases like bribery fail to keep their promise to public; they not only lose their positions, but also are condemned by public and punished by laws. Moreover, a great many of standards and articles are proposed by public officials. Even an ordinary civilian can maintain certain ethical and moral standards, such as loyalty and honesty, and obey law articles. If officials go against them, the standards and articles may be more and more unreliable. Without the respect towards these rules, no public official can work effectively. Therefore, to be an effective leader(to be effective), a public official should maintain high ethical and moral standards.
本段先持赞同态度
In contrast, even a public official maintains the highest ethical and moral standards; he/she cannot make sure to become an effective leader. That is to say keeping the highest ethical and moral standards is unnecessary, because there are many other characters for an effective leader. For example, team work is an indispensable one whereas some officials don’t realize it. They may keep the highest ethical and moral standards and earn respect from others; however they are not suit to be a leader, not mention to be an effective one. Furthermore, it is impossible for effective leaders to keep the highest standards all the time. They may be angry or quarrel with others, however, they finish their work effective. So, it is unnecessary for an public to maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.
本段说明在某些情况不能
Moreover, sometimes it is detrimental for an official keep the highest ethical and moral standards. One of the most important reasons is that in some situations, no one can consider and balance all people’s interests. For example, when financial crisis attacked the world in 2008, tremendous companies reduced the population of their workers to make sure to survive in this disaster. However, the reductions caused many workers to lose their jobs. If an official wanted to consider the interests of the companies, he/she must sacrifice some workers benefits. In contrary, if he/she would like to limit these companies’ behaviors, he/she might face a serious problem that more companies would be bankrupt. In these kinds of situations, keeping the highest ethical and moral standards may lead many officials to fall into a deadlock, and lose the best time to save more people’s interests. For instance, it is hard for some officials, who maintain the highest standards, to make an immediate decision whose benefits they need sacrifice. However, if policies are not provided as soon as possible, there may be more losses of national economy. Therefore, maintaining the highest ethical and moral standards may be even detrimental in some situations.
说明有时过分强调高标准道德是不利的
In sum, the view of the speaker is too extreme. Sometimes maintaining the highest ethical and moral standards may be unnecessary or even harmful.

我觉得结构清晰还没看出来毛病，先提出必要性，然后持反对意见。但是文中的his/her, he/she可不可以直接写his，he呢，简洁一些。

yeshen2010UID: 2744103

Issue43: To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.
提纲：
一、赞同作者的观点。
二、具有至高无上的伦理和道德标准的公众官员容易成为卓有成效的领导者（从正面论证）。例子：华盛顿
三、在商业上，有些公众官员为了最大化利润使用欺骗手段。（也就是说虽然有的领导者是卓有成效的，但是道德水平有问题。）例子：三鹿奶粉事件
四、有时没有至高无上的伦理和道德标准的公众官员成为不了卓有成效的领导者（从反面论证）。例子：陈水扁
五、结论

Nowadays, we can read the news about effective leaders from newspapers, internet. There is a view that if a public official maintains the highest ethical and moral standards, then he or she can be an effective leader. From my perspective, I agree with that assertion. My view will be substantiated by the following discussion.

Indeed, a public official holding highest ethical and moral standards is easy to be an effective leader sometimes in politics. Due to their good morality, they can receive a lot of respects from others. Take George Washington, the first President of the United States for instance. After his two terms of office, many people asked him to run for the third election. But he chose to retire, and returned to his hometown to be a farmer. He set a great example for successors that he did not reluctant to part with power and position. In his autobiography, he wrote only if he winked, he would be the king of America for his entire life. His leadership was recognized by other officials and publics so that he became an effective leader. From this case, we can see that a public official, like George Washington, who maintains highest ethical and moral standard, can be an effective leader.

Admittedly, in business, some public official will cheat in order to maximize profits. Maybe they will use fake advertisement to deceive public citizens. Take Sanlu Power Company, used to be one of the famous power company in China, as an example. Sanlu Power Company invested a lot of many on advertisement, and said if children used their products, they would get a better health. Believing what the company had said, a large number of families had bought its products. Although the company made a lot of profit, a number of children who took the power got seriously illness. Finally the manager of Sanlu Power Company was sent to prison because of this issue, and the company had bankrupted. Thus, in business realm, he or she is an effective leader without highest ethical and moral standards would get punished at last.

Furthermore, one without highest ethical and moral standards, to some extent, cannot be an effective leader. For example, Chen Shuibian's case, who was the former president of Tai Wan. During the period he charged in Tai Wan, the economy fell back, the unemployment rate became high, the corruption phenomena emerged in endlessly, and the whole area was a mess. Because he and his family members corrupted seriously, he was put into prison ultimately. Hence, one with ethical problems cannot be an effective leader in this case.

To sum up, one should have the highest ethical and moral standards to be an effective leader. If every public official obey this rule, our world will become much more harmony.

yuxiang1900UID: 2558709

ISSUE43 - "To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards."
小翔飞飞

The speaker asserts that an effective public official must be a role model of morality and ethnic as well. I find the assertion to be specious. It is not necessary to be highest ethical and moral for an political leader. Moreover, the political job often requires the officials to make choices that are outsider the border of morality.

At threshold, the politician’s job is to build and maintain the stability of the society and nation, and expand the wealth of citizens. Toward this goal, it often requires his or her to make choices that violate the standard of morality and ethnic. At least, politicians are often liars. They hide many truth and facts relevant to their citizens. However, most of the time, they are not for personal benefits. For example, most of the governments would hide the information of danger, such as terrorists' attack plan, unless it is necessary to publicize in some very special circumstance. The politicians do this just in order to maintain the stability and peace of the society. Because these information would spur fear, which has no help to address these problems but destroy the normal lives of people.

Furthermore, an effective political leader might not be a role model of morality and ethnic. Consider certain prominent political leaders, they, more or less, have moral defects in their lives. For example, we all know Bill Clinton is successful as an American president. His policies propelled the economic development of America, and expanded the political influence of his nation. However, we also know his events with Lewinsky, which certainly destroyed his personal fame in private life. Moreover, the leaders have high moral and ethnic standards might not be sure to succeed. For example, the very early leaders of Chinese Communist are almost respected as their high moral cultivation. However, the party was not successful and gained unsatisfying status in early time until Mao became the leader.

Admittedly, as the effective political leaders, they often represent the image of the government, and therefore, to be moral and ethical would help to improve the credibility and authority of the government. Moreover, to the public officials, they should maintain the moral and ethical standard in their privacy lives, because in spite of their job, they are still members of the society, who need obey the morality and ethnics as well.

In sum, to be an effective political leader, it is not necessary to maintain the highest standards of morality and ethnics. Sometime, their job even requires them to violate the rules of morality. And to us, when to evaluate a political leader, we should separate his or her behaviors in job from privacy life.

cycy881125UID: 2625420

written by AlanC

I strongly support speaker’s view which could be demonstrated properly in almost all the domain. While the leader might likely be effective in a short-term project, however, only if the leader, whatever field he would be, continuing proceeding things with an ethical and moral standard, he or she could be effective.

In order to maintain the stability and normality of society, ethics and moral have played an significant role. They represent the rationality which conducts the daily behaviors of humans, the scientific attitude of proceeding projects and also the culture and discipline of personality. These are derived from summarization of the fault experiences and the scientific and effective approach to the dealing with things. Thus, the leaders with the criterion of ethics and moral would dispose difficult programs more orderly, appropriate and scientific, and could manage underlying more properly without more complain. So, this kind of leaders must be more effective.

However, in some situations, for the initial stage of project, the leader with less ethics and moral could also be effective; moreover, they could take more numerous benefits than that of highest ethical leader with an illegal or none-moral means. Since, in a short time, some bugs and inappropriate operations might not outbreak, and everything seems to be normal so that the schedule could be executed effective. In the software engineering field, there are some criterions when developing a software program, such IEEE and ISO criterions. It seems too redundant and unnecessary in some project managers’ opinions. However, although without controlling of these criterions the process would be more effective and the period of developing might be briefer, yet when the products have been used for a long time, more shortcomings and bugs outbreak, then the software should be redeveloped for the need of customers. This illustration has demonstrated that without the restraints of the ethics, the benefits and efficiency could not remain, ultimately, the leader should go to a thoroughgoing failure.

So for a long-term consideration, leaders who conform to the ethical and moral standard would obtain the long-term benefits. Since the leader has established a scientific schedule for the project, meanwhile, his actions has not infringed others and even benefit others. Thus, these leaders would be advocate by his subordinates and customers so that so that he could be an effective leader. The prominent leader of the African-American civil rights movement, Martin Luther King, he secure progress on civil rights in the United States, his social influence is so deep and he has been one of the great leader.

In sum, to be an successful boss or not depends on whether the leader maintains moral and ethics or not with the control of the ethical and moral rules, every would be worse, and the leader would be in the gloomy situation and ultimately turn to be a failure. Only to conform to these rules should leader be effective.

不要意思呀，我只能明天再改了哦。

shenxianhuUID: 2455394

by SXH

Does a public official must keep the highest ethical and moral standards to be an effective leader? It’s tempting to agree with the speaker’s assertion. However, the speaker extremely extend the broad assertion to the controversial point while ignoring the fact that a person, even considered as  the best leader, is never be a saint owned highest ethical and moral standards. Meanwhile, many other ingredients contribute to an effective leader besides both ethic and morality.

One thing I have to admit is that generally we weigh a leader whether excellent or not through a scale called ethic and morality. Martine Luther King and Gandhi are both famous around the world as an outstanding leader in the fight for freedom and rights, based on people’s high appreciating in ethic and morality. As for the reason, noble ethical and moral standards definitely bring a leader a vast of supporting from people and respect from rivals. An apt example involves Abraham Lincoln. At the beginning of the Civil War, Lincoln announced that the government fought against the south army for the federal union. This was not effectively supported by people. Then after Emancipation Proclamation, which was just and fair from the moral and ethical level, the federal government got a myriad of supports from the whole country, and beat the south army at the end, moreover, Lincoln was considered as an effective leader because of elimination of slavery. Therefore, a leader can not be effective without supports in moral and ethical level.

Having recognized the importance of excellent ethic and morality on an effective leadership, by no means can we deny that a outstanding leader does not mean that he must be a saint with overwhelming morality and ethic. On the one hand, according to the nature of human beings, it’s impossible for every leader to keep highest moral and ethical standards. Consider every president in the United States. Before becoming a president, every candidate have to announce advantages respective and criticize other candidate, it is to some extent disobey moral standards. But can we say or even conclude that every candidate will not be a effective leader? On the other hand, even though the leader fail to work well in moral or ethical level, it will never exhibit him from becoming a effective leader. Take Bill Clinton as an example. His sexual scandal brought him a devastating reputation and he was considered as a loser from moral extent. However, we will never forget it’s President Clinton’s leadership that brought America a economical booming during 1990s. So most of people take Clinton as a effective leader despite of his deficiency in morality.

In fact, it is biased and merely comprehensive to consider a effective leader just from ethical and moral level. A impressive leader call for more excellent attributes, such as majority of knowledge, persistence and fortitude. When we refer to Deng Xiaoping, a great leader in China, he is famous in creativity. Chairman Deng, rather than stick to traditional idealism of communism, enact a marvelous and far-reaching policy called “One country, two systems”, which earned not only national support but also international acknowledge. It is Chairman Deng’s leadership full of creativity, eliminated the difference between capitalism and socialism, and leaded Hong Kong back to motherland.

In sum, I partly agree the speaker’s assertion that excellent morality play an important role as an effective leader. However, the judgment of whether a leader is effective or not should not limit to moralists. Contrarily, a leader who can bring people interests and profits is generally considered as effective.

改link424
Leaders also are people; they cannot do well anything; and they had to deal with many kinds of accidents, which may be very special and cannot solved by normal measures. As a consequence, we cannot demand them having the highest ethical and moral standards.
开头简明，有对下文的概括。但看完后发现只有前面两点的，缺少第三点。
  To begin with, human are all not perfect, they must have some flaws. Thus if an individual do well in handling accidents in different condition, they(he) probably has some other flaws, namely, it is hard to find a person who have the highest moral standard, who is also good at management. For example, Bill Clinton involved in the scandal with Lewinsky, which has(had) very bad effect, but we cannot deny that he contribute a lot to the improvement of America's business. Therefore, we should forgive leaders has some minor flaws, if they have great ability in management.
这段说好的领导又些缺陷是允许的。
  In addition, when the leaders handle some complex businesses, they have to use some measures which is not ethical. For instance, at the end of World War 2, Japan refuse to surrender, then the Roosevelt throw the atomic bomb to the Japan under the condition that he do not have any other choice because the war will prolong if he did not do this, the number of people died in the war will increase. Although the measure is not humanity, and the decision made the Roosevelt looks immoral, but the decision is right in the particular circumstance. He is also a good leader. Thus, leaders have to do some immoral affairs at some cases.
这段是在一些情况下，用不人道的方法也是允许的。
  Finally, some qualities of high moral are obstacles to be a good leader. Such as the honesty, if all the leaders are very honesty, can they manage the country or group very well? For example, a country wants to set up a secret project about military affairs, should the leader promulgate the news?  Should he tell it to people? Obviously, he should not tell it to citizens because enemy may know this news at the same time. Thus, we should not demand that leader must have all the qualities of moral.
有些道德上的品质是不适合leader的
  However, we cannot deny that leader should have a relatively high moral because he has the power; we should make sure that he will harness the power to do some things benefit to citizens, not harmful. And we should make sure that he will not use his power to corrupt.
这里让步，很典型
  In general, indeed leader should have a relatively high moral, but he should not have the highest one. The reason is that people cannot have both high moral and effective management strength, leader cannot but do some immoral affairs because of the particular condition, and some qualities may be not suit for leaders.

语言虽简单但清晰。思路开阔，值得我学习（我的文章又有的改了）。有些小毛病，比如时态方面，举的例子都是过去的，这个要注意。另外注意成分一致性。字数少了，可以考虑内容层次写深一些。总体不错，学习了。

saybia1993UID: 2625112

Issue 43 “To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.”

提纲： 1 开头 ethical 和 moral 的意义。
       2 从最基本的：经济：
       3 提高一个层面：政治：  更为重要，领导一个国家
       4 最高层次的领导：文化：  科技，传媒，书籍

        Ethical and moral are social phenomenon. They belong to the superstructure of a society, which means the sum of the regulations denoted and accepted by most of people in society. Obviously, I agree with the speaker’s assertions that an effective leader must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards. Wherever a people with high political awareness in ethical and moral, he will surely be welcomed by people
Let’s consider the first condition in our daily lives: the leadership in economics. While economics is a wide concept, it certainly can be considered the aorta of a country: thousands of companies, factories make our base needs in daily lives. Hundreds of millions cash flows in business and control the markets. Economics is so important that only the leader of it such as CEOs, managers, business men maintain the highest ethical and moral standards can our economics be stability and consistency. For the reason of the people who have high ethical and moral will follow the regulation denoted and accepted by most of people in current society. They avoid go against common views and often do something good which encouraged by ethical and moral. These situations can not only lead to a greater trust from common people but also focus on creative a cohesive force among staffs in companies, factories and so on. With the trust and cohesive force build upon the ethical and moral, communication will be easier, efficiency will become higher. Furthermore, the people who have higher ethical and moral often take other people’s situation into consideration and avoid selfish. This can lead to a further development and of course, never rejected by investors and markers.
        The best leaders of politics are certain to have the highest ethical and moral standards. The level of ethical and moral for people who have power has a great influence in leadership. Insisting on a high ethical and moral standard makes leader broad-minded, far-sighted and do popular, real works welcomed by publics. In politics, a leader regardless of ethical and moral standards may lead a destructive situation. Comparing to Mao Zedong, Chiang Kai-shek can be considered a failed leader in Chinese history. The lack of ethical and moral lead his dictatorships, shortsighted, regardless of common people’s suffering and indulge his officials’ corruption. Actions go against common view in current society is sure to be failed. Moreover, the Watergate scandal, Monica gate and such political scandals are also the reasons of the lack of ethical and moral for leaders at that time. These farces fully demonstrate how important the moral standards are important to leaders. If not, the higher status the leader in, the more hidden trouble the current society will have.
        Admittedly, the leaders of our culture are the most important people. For instance:  scientists, ideologists, litterateurs, artists and so on. While they do not have the power to control fund or countries, they definitely are the resources for our progress and development, and they must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards. Science and technology can change our world better; on the contrary, it also leads pollution, waste, even wars. If a chemist lack of high ethical and moral standards, agricultural chemical could be developed to chemical weapons and cause a huge damage for people. If a writer lack of high ethical and moral standards, violence, salacity and vulgarity may appears in his books to attract people. To some extent, the level of ethical and moral standard which the leaders of our culture have can determine our human beings destiny, indeed.
        In sum, all situations inform us that wherever in economics, politics, culture and other aspects. The leaders must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards. These people represent the elites in their domains, and under controlled by ethical and moral standards, they won’t drift off the right course and go against the truth, the good and the beautiful.