新手上路 求拍砖

czj521UID: 2869962

issue153 "Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. They should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively."
未限时协作，请各位大侠多多指教

I agree insofar with the author's statement. In my point of view, it is reasonable that the students should, instead of accepting what they have been taught passively, learn to question what they have learned and keep a skeptical mind. However, the assertion that students should doubt everything is overstated.

In the first place, skepticism of learning can benefit students in learning significantly. Educationists who want students to emphasis on skepticism are not expecting students to find the flaws in the well-founded axioms, but hoping them are able to, in this way, master and comprehend what they have already learned. In order to question the knowledge the have learned, the students have to comprehend the knowledge at first. They may have to review their textbooks, clarify the meaning of every parameter, and learn relatively knowledge extensively to find the points to attack in these seemingly well-reasoned theorems. In this process, the students will at least master their knowledge better, learn extra knowledge and possess of the spirit of skepticism, which will certainly benefit them in the future. In contrast, these students who simply accept what they have been taught passively cannot take the advantages of skepticism mentioned above. And they may even lose interest in learning gradually. Conclusively, it is as clear as daylight that bringing skepticism towards the knowledge which are imparted to the students will benefit their studying.

Moreover, culturing the students the spirit of skepticism will not only benefit the students, but also the whole society. Students are not always students: they will be engineers, scientists, and much else in the future. After they have chosen their careers, it is their time to develop theories in their fields and to contribute to the society. Only by doubting can a widely-accepted theory be replaced by a newer, more refined one and in this way can our science and technology progress. Galileo doubted Aristotle's claim that heavier subjects would fall faster than the lighter ones. His spirit of knowledge not only conferred him the title “the father of modern physics", but also brought about the time of classical physics which was a significant advance of science and added to base of knowledge. Similarly, it was the skeptical mind towards Newton Laws which had been accepted as facts for centuries that enabled Albert Einstein to establish the theory of relativity and turn over a new page in Physics. Another telling example that can illustrate this point involved the discovery of Pluto. While the passive knowledge receivers among William Tombaugh’s contemporaries merely took it for granted that eight planets theory printed on there textbooks was indubitable, Tombaugh doubted the accepted the eight planets theory which was recognized by authority and take the chance to make one of the greatest astronomical discoveries. If he just accepted the knowledge without doubting, we may never realize the existence of this planet, or dwarf planet.

On the other hand, however, we should be conscious that undue skepticism towards everything would have some negative effects. As we all know, skepticism does not work in disciplines like language learning. In these fields, the rules are created by human beings instead of nature. If a student keeps questioning the grammar rules and the usage of words rather than accepting them as facts, he will make little progress. In addition, since skeptic method demands much time, it is impossible to doubt every thing. The essence of the skepticism is to question the basis of certain information while merely doubting the unimportant message is no more than a waste of time.

In sum, keeping skeptical in learning can benefit the students and the whole society. Nevertheless, as questioning everything will lower the efficiency of the studying, the students should determine a balance between skepticism and acceptances.

lingli_xiaoaiUID: 172506

为什么我理论上应该是第一看你的文章，但是看上去却如此的熟悉。你的论证和例子就像在那里已经看过了一样。尤其是倒数第二段。不过anyway，可能是我的错觉，不过要是你的文章架构和例子确实有参考来源，你要注意类雷同的问题。

论证的第2段理由，Educationists who want students to emphasis on skepticism are not expecting students to find the flaws in the well-founded axioms, but hoping them are able to, in this way, master and comprehend what they have already learned.  这句话，真是看不明白。in this way? 什么way？跟well－founded axioms对应的是什么？你有了这个主题句以后，后面根本没提学生doubt的都是什么，就说这个doubt可以让他们学的更好。这一整段的论证很散。例子大而空。尤其是后半段说passive learn student就lost interests，没有skeptism的advantage 这几句都是纯statement，既没有展开，也没有讨论为什么会这样。

第三段相对第2段来说 内容丰富了很多，例子也比较具体。但是例子过多的结果就是你这段与其说是议论文，不如说是记叙文。三个例子几乎并列关系。中间没有讨论也没有升华，而且甚至几乎全是同一个领域。这样写的缺点就是多余。想想你这三个例子里面提到的事情，估计那个考官一年看个上百遍应该没什么问题。何必花那么多笔墨去写。所谓的issue是说理和例子结合。不是一段全部是说理，一段全部是例子。这样很难得到好的分数。

czj521UID: 2869962

2# lingli_xiaoai 首先感谢前辈的拍砖，虽然备受打击，但还是很高兴雷同确实是我一直比较担心的问题，在此想问一下怎样算是雷同？构架一样或者梨子一样就算吗？（好恐怖啊）另外第二段 In order to question the knowledge the have learned, the students have to comprehend the knowledge at first. They may have to review their textbooks, clarify the meaning of every parameter, and learn relatively knowledge extensively to find the points to attack in these seemingly well-reasoned theorems. In this process, the students will at least master their knowledge better, learn extra knowledge and possess of the spirit of skepticism, which will certainly benefit them in the future.我觉得这已经是在论证了，我想表达学生如果doubt所学的内容的话就可必须查资料等等这样就会使他们学得更好，不知是表达错了还是这个逻辑本身错了，在此请问前辈应该如何论述呢？请指点，感激不尽

lingli_xiaoaiUID: 172506

也不是构架一样，就是构架和例子都很类似，看到了就像是别人再说就有问题了。就算不会判你雷同，跟大多数的人文章大面积重复也不是什么好事，简单来说是看腻了，不管是句型还是内容，对于考官来说。不管怎么说，你至少要有跟别人不一样的地方。这个尺度只有你自己把握。面对题目的时候，又多少东西是从你脑子里面自己努力想出来的，有多少东西是从别人哪里看过来的。这个尺度你自己要把握好。AW是一个独立思考的过程。也就是面对一个题目，不用参考资料能直接写成文章，你要想想你自己能不能做到。是不是一定要看过了别人的提纲你才写得出来，如果是，就是借鉴过度。这跟雷同无关，而直接决定了你分数的高低。

我说的你没论证，是说你没把话说明白，你的论证很抽像。如果你说怀疑还算有点论证的，你说不怀疑的人就回对学习丧失兴趣的论证在哪里？比如难道只有怀疑自己学到的知识，你才会去查资料，才会去试图理解吗？什么叫做well－reasoned theorems？在你日常的学习中，什么东西是这样的？什么叫做论证抽象，就是你用了一些你不解释，别人根本不知道是什么东西的词，比如knowledge比如education，society，cultural这些词语全部是抽象词。你用了你就要解释这是指什么东西，哪个范畴。

czj521UID: 2869962

[quote]又多少东西是从你脑子里面自己努力想出来的，有多少东西是从别人哪里看过来的。这个尺度你自己要把握好。AW是一个独立思考的过程。也就是面对一个题目，不用参考资料能直接写成文章，你要想想你自己能不能做到。是不是一定要看过了别人的提纲你才写得出来，如果是，就是借鉴过度。这跟雷同无关，而直接决定了你分数的高低[quote]
深受启发,本文的思路是我自己的，但例子是找的。在这里弱弱的问下，MM前辈的aw是怎么练的啊

czj521UID: 2869962

4# lingli_xiaoai well－reasoned theorems确实用错了，我想表达那些公理之类的，谢谢前辈指出