求拍砖！！大家帮忙看看最近写的I和A 吧 一共就几篇 马上就机考了 急啊急 谢谢了

流苏echo1012UID: 2876370

TOPIC: ISSUE88 - "Technologies notonly influence but actually determine social customs and ethics."
WORDS: 756
TIME: 00:45:00
DATE: 2011-3-14 22:15:13

The speaker claims that technologies notonly influence but actually determine social customs and ethics. I am not denyingthe great influence of the technologies, however, the speaker seems overstatethe power of the technologies which they can determine the social customs andethics.

I concede the fact that technologies exertvital influence on our social customs and ethics. The technologies can be thefoundation of the development of the social customs and ethics. Thetechnologies can offer modern and easier way for people to communicate witheach other. The technologies can influence the way people think about everyaspects of life.

First of all, technologies support thedevelopment of our social customs and ethics, which is part of social customs.In modern times, women are allowed to work outside. But, several hundreds ofyears ago, women were not permitted by the general society to work orcommunicate with the outside. It is the industrialization that helps women tocultivate their inner desire to work, to enjoy life, just the same way as men.Technologies lessen the physical burden of people, but require higher mentalintelligence. For that matter, technologies would be one of the myriad ofcauses for the improvement of women's social status. Thus, the social customsand ethics changed with this development of technologies.

Secondly, technologies provide people moreconvenient way of communication. Instead of using carrier pigeon in the ancienttimes, technologies bring us the new "carrier"-- the bike, then thetelephone emerges, which is invented by the great scientist Bell. At last, computer technologies boosteverywhere, people now do not need to bother talking face-to-face in the realworld, they can use the on-line chatting room and look directly in to eachother's eyes. Thanks to the technologies, social customs and ethics improve alot in the past twenty years.

Thirdly, technologies influence the generalway people think about everything, which is one facet of social ethics. Withthe development of medical science, the legality of abortion and euthanasia areboth hot topics. Some believe that the advanced medical science merely factionas a killer to the innocent people, they argue that both abortion and euthanasiaare against the human nature, and too violent and scared. Others claim thatabortion and euthanasia would be reasonable in some specific circumstances. Forinstance, as the pregnant mother is a heavy drug addict and not willing toraise the baby with her love, and the child is having some severe diseases,say, AIDS. Or, even the body of the child is abnormal. Then the abortion wouldbe good both to the mother and the unborn child, as well as the general public.If the patient who has serious disease suffer from the pain everyday and everymoment, and nothing can be done to his or her condition. Thus, maybe euthanasiais the best way for this patient, to free himself or herself from the disastrouscontinuous pain.

However, the technologies do not determinethe social customs and ethics, all they do is to influence the various aspectsof society. Technologies cannot determine the social customs and ethics. In China, wecelebrate the Spring Festival every year, this is the most important time inthe whole year, and this is one of the most significant social customs here.Technologies can never determine this.

Nowadays, technological crime is more andmore serious and wide spread. People use internet to steal other's bank accountand the password, and then steal the money without even going outside hishouse. However, does this mean that the advanced way of committing crime isaccepted by the general public. The answer would be definitely no. Nothing canchange the social ethics that we should be honest and loyal. Stealing others' possessionwould always be a crime with great shame.

As I mentioned in the previous paragraphs,technologies provide us more convenient way of communicating. However, they donot determine the only one way to talk, to communicate. We can use traditionalletters or even carrier pigeon and internet at the same time. Therefore, we cansee that technologies simply influence our life, but not powerful enough todetermine any of the social customs and ethics.

In sum, technologies are truly important toour society, they have influenced our social customs and ethics to a greatextent. However, the speaker exaggerates that they can determine the socialcustoms and ethics, this claim would be totally untenable. Simply put, weshould make good use of the developing technologies for our better life,brighter future.

流苏echo1012UID: 2876370

TOPIC: ISSUE43 - "To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards."
WORDS: 672          TIME: 00:45:00          DATE: 2011-3-13 23:04:12

The speaker claims that a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards in order to be an effective leader. I am not deny the fact that the highest ethical and moral standards would help a public official to achieve success, however, it is definitely not enough, an effective leader needs far more than merely maintaining the highest ethical and moral standards.

I concede that the highest ethical and moral standards would provide more probability for leaders to be effective. When it comes to the realm of business, the leader with high moral and ethical standards would not do harm to others. In fact, the leader would be responsible to the whole company, care about his or her employees' interests, that is to say, be considerate. The business leader without any ethical or moral standards would exert himself to jeopardize his competitors, for instance, to undermine others' reputation, by hook or by crook. However, rules are rules, the final result would be that the leader with highest ethical and moral standards becomes an effective leader, and be respected by others. When it comes to the academic field, a leader without any ethical and moral standards would be lost before the inducement of plagiarism. How easy would it be to plagiarize others' essays! If the leader does not pay any attention to the importance of ethical and moral standards, his or her followers would copy the leader's wrong conduct. Then the consequences would be clearly, the disaster. Just as the old saying goes, "the fire cannot hold the paper". If you are playing with fire, you will get burnt or hurt some time. Thus, leaders should attach vital significance to his or her personal ethical and moral standards.

However, in some particular circumstances, leaders with the highest ethical and moral standards cannot be an effective leader. During the profound Chinese history, there was a king HouZhu in Tang dynasty, who had really high ethical and moral standards, he was ultimately overthrown by one of his subordinates. The fact is that this king was so fond of poetry, painting, and music and everything concerning arts, he was indeed highly ethical and moral, but his focus was not on the politics or his people, he did not have the talent to govern the country, similar situation would be in the political realm. The leader with highest ethical and moral standards is sometimes defeated by his or her competitors. This leader would be very kind and tolerant, he believes in the faith that deep inside everyone's heart, they are all kind and caring about others. As a result, this leader would be easily hurt by other competitors. In conclusion, an effective leader requires the highest ethical and moral standards with the some other special prerequisites.

It would be hard to be a truly effective leader, thus the prerequisites vary depending on different situations and realms. For instance, the academic realm specially needs the quality of being honest. Plagiarism should be forbidden for good.  The business realm needs the ability of distinguishing right and wrong, truth and falsehood. Social communicating skills would also be important to them. They should also have the sense of business. The political realm needs the quality of good at public speech and presentation. They should care about their people, their city, and their country. The social spiritual leader would need the brevity and perseverance. There are also some other important qualities that leaders need to be effective. The leadership would be the most essential part of them. Without leadership, the group cannot be harmonious and unity. Once there being the uproar or anything against serenity or tranquility, it would be really near to the failure. Thus the prerequisites would be of various kinds.

In sum, the highest ethical and moral standards could not bring success directly to the leader; however, to be an effective leader, a public official should maintain the highest ethical and moral standards, as well as other brilliant qualities. Only the leader gains all the qualifications could he be effective.


之前有好心帮改的同学说这篇写走题了  真的不太懂  求拍砖吧 大家狠一点 谢谢啦

流苏echo1012UID: 2876370

TOPIC: ARGUMENT150 - The following is a letter to the editor of an environmental magazine.

"The decline in the numbers of amphibians worldwide clearly indicates the global pollution of water and air. Two studies of amphibians in Yosemite National Park in California confirm my conclusion. In 1915 there were seven species of amphibians in the park, and there were abundant numbers of each species. However, in 1992 there were only four species of amphibians observed in the park, and the numbers of each species were drastically reduced. The decline in Yosemite has been blamed on the introduction of trout into the park's waters, which began in 1920 (trout are known to eat amphibian eggs). But the introduction of trout cannot be the real reason for the Yosemite decline because it does not explain the worldwide decline."
WORDS: 541          TIME: 00:30:00          DATE: 2011-3-17 16:52:26

In this letter, the arguer concludes that the declining number of amphibians throughout the world indicates the global pollution of water and air. To support the conclusion, the arguer cites the two studies conducted in Yosemite National Park (YNP) in California, which suggests that the number of amphibians in the park has decreased greatly from 1915 to the year of 1992, and the trout cannot be the reason of the worldwide decline of the amphibians. However, I find the argument flawed in several serious respects.

A treshold problem with the argument is that the arguer fails to consider the reliability of the studies conducted in the YNP. There is a possibility that the two studies were done by completely amateurs, the statistics collected might be wrong in certain aspects. Without considering and ruling out all the possibilities, I remain unconvinced by the arguer's conclusion.

Secondly, the arguer provides no information about the nature of these amphibians. It would be entirely possible that these seven kinds of amphibians treat some species of amphibians as their common food, and the disappeared three kinds of amphibians are the food species. Or perhaps, the park guider gave these amphibians the toxic food accidentally for a long time, then the three phisically-weaker species of amphibians extincted due to the piosonous food. Without accounting of all the alternative reasons, the arguer cannot simply draw confidently the conclusion that the decline of amphibians originates of global pollution of water and air.

Thirdly, the arguer does not justify the assumption that the introduction of trout cannot be the real reason for the decline in YNP. Actually, it would be purely conceiveable that trout is the root cause of the decline. The arguer provides no information regarding the introduction of trout over the world. Then, there is a possibility that the decline of the numbers of amphibians is the result of the introduction of trout. Without ruling out all the possible alternative reasons, the arguer cannot convince me completely.

Fourthly, even assuming that the decline of the numbers of amphibians worldwide is not the consequence of the introduction of trout. There might be other possible reasons. For instance, the climate change might influence the living of amphibians severely, with the ever higher temperature throughout the world, the amphibians have nothing to do but die out gradually. So, without considering these possible reasons, the argument remains unjustified. What's more, the arguer fails to substantiate the assumption that the decline in the numbers of amphibians world indicates the pollution of water and air globally. The arguer offers no information concerning the worldwide pollution. There is a possibility that the amphibians' decline was the result of national pollution of water and air in the America. The reason would be different in other countries and regions all over the world. Then we can see that the argument is still untenable.

In sum, the argument is unpersuasive as it stands. To strengthen the argument, the arguer should assure me about the reliability of the two studies in YNP. He would also need to provide more clear and complete information concerning the details of YNP studies. To evaluate the argument, the arguer should offer more data concerning the details of the declining situation throught the world.