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olalaleeUID: 3390521

Some modern anthropologists hold that biological evolution has shaped not only human morphology but also human behavior. The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints—ways of feeling, thinking, and acting that “come naturally” in archetypal situations in any culture. Our “frailties”—emotions and motives such as rage, fear,greed, gluttony, joy, lust, love—may be a very mixed assortment, but they share at least one immediate quality: we are, as we say, “in the grip” of them. And thus they give us our sense of constraints.
Unhappily, some of those frailties—our need for ever-increasing security among them—are presently maladaptive. Yet beneath the overlay of cultural detail, they, too, are said to be biological in direction, and therefore as natural to us as are our appendixes.We would need to comprehend thoroughly their adaptive origins in order to understand how badly they guide us now. And we might then begin to resist their pressure.



26.        Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the “details” versus “constraints” distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior?
(A) The ability of most people to see all the colors of the visible spectrum as against most people’s inability to name any but the primary colors
(B) The ability of even the least fortunate people to show compassion as against people’s inability to mask their feelings completely
(C) The ability of some people to dive to great depths as against most people’s inability toswim long distances
(D) The psychological profile of those people who are able to delay gratification as against people’s inability to control their lives completely
(E) The greater lung capacity of mountain peoples that helps them live in oxygen-poorair as against people’s inability to fly without special apparatus

crazyrobinUID: 2368627

这篇文章比较晦涩，注意看下第二句话， evolution does not dictate details, rather it dictates constrains.所以constrains指的是" come naturally "的一些traits，注意下引号，可知这些不是naturally的，也就是在某种环境影响下的traits，detail推理得知是naturally的一些traits. 只有选项E是后天与先天的一个对比。

olalaleeUID: 3390521

crazyrobin 发表于 2013-1-25 21:19
这篇文章比较晦涩，注意看下第二句话， evolution does not dictate details, rather it dictates constrai ...

为什么注意引号？  难道有个引号就表示这句话的意思是反的？

crazyrobinUID: 2368627

olalalee 发表于 2013-1-25 21:32
为什么注意引号？  难道有个引号就表示这句话的意思是反的？

引号是一个你需要注意的特征。但不是绝对，从imposing constrains可以知道这个引号的作用是反话

olalaleeUID: 3390521

crazyrobin 发表于 2013-1-25 21:33
引号是一个你需要注意的特征。但不是绝对，从imposing constrains可以知道这个引号的作用是反话

原来如此 我把imposing 理解成了 印象深刻的意思了~~~  谢谢罗    再帮我解释下这道题呗！
27.        It can be inferred that in his discussion of maladaptive frailties the author assumes that
(A) evolution does not favor the emergence of adaptive characteristics over the emergence of maladaptive ones
(B) any structure or behavior not positively adaptive is regarded as transitory in evolutionary theory
(C) maladaptive characteristics, once fixed, make the emergence of other maladaptive characteristics more likely
(D) the designation of a characteristic as being maladaptive must always remain highly tentative
(E) changes in the total human environment can outpace evolutionary change

crazyrobinUID: 2368627

这题排除法， 整个第二段都是，
A, favor 从未提到，gone
B, any这种词一出现，提高警惕，一般都是错的，transitory这个从没提到 gone
C, once fixed, 没提到，文章从没说过maladpative是不是在改变, gone
D, must这种词一出现高度警惕，这种绝对的词很容易太过extreme, tentative, 没提过， gone.
E, 最后一句话， we must throughtly comprehend it so we may resis their pressure. 意思是 It's likely we can outpace those maladpative frailties.也就是进化论后天可以战胜先天的本能一些东西，正确选项

olalaleeUID: 3390521

crazyrobin 发表于 2013-1-25 21:53
这题排除法， 整个第二段都是，
A, favor 从未提到，gone
B, any这种词一出现，提高警惕，一般都是错的， ...

原来如此！   谢谢啦！！！  哎~~~ 像这种抽象文章一出现 我立马就崩溃了~~~