我们都应该记得,在托福作文中总是有要求说use specific details and examples to support your answer,既然美国人这样要求你,那么他势必也是这么做的。我们知道,最好的托福作文的模式应该是5段式,也就是
总论点topic
分论1+EG
分论2+EG
分论3+EG
总结段conclusion
最后的过程可能存在也可能不存在,但是不管怎样,这种思维方式决定了美国人对于托福听说读写四项的命题思路乃至决定了所有北美考试的文章论述思路。美国人总是在作文中要求,use specific details and examples to support your idea,那么这种思维更加典型的体现在了托福听力中。
总结段,对全片观点和说话人的最终态度的点评-------------有题,对总结推论 还记得这里会说的那个题么 what does the prof think of...
以TPO的song development为例,PROF开始就反复重复song develop in song birds,所以就是主题词之后很明显的讲了几个分论点。
hitching---begging sounds(重复),说这是前五周的时候
subsong----举例human baby, baby babbling sound有题,how introduce subsong
early subsong
late subsong
plastic song--解释(有题,一个重听,一个问的就是这个阶段的主要特点)
full song
最后总结,先说short exposure(重复),然后下结论说 so the theory is there is a sensitive period ...(有题)what is the evidence for the sensitive period
三、到底听什么
1、概念定义---main idea
2、分支和各分支主要特点--supporting details
3、具体举例
4、人名及其观点
5、语气比较怪的地方--语义理解题
6、总结
So today we’re gonna talk about song development in birds and how—you may be surprised to know—the songs of most songbird species are learned—not completely instinctual—which is what we used to think…so I’d like to start things off today by, um, centering our discussion on the chaffinch.
The chaffinch is a type of European songbird, and we’re gonna use the chaffinch’s song development as illustrative of songbirds’ song development in general, because many other songbirds follow this same pattern, this pattern of learning songs.
看文中关键词,反复重复的都是song, development所以这就是本文要说的主旨。而我刚讲的定位找AA,答案找AB就是这样一个理论。托福做题的过程,就是一个寻找同义词改写的过程。OG里面的第一个conversation,里面的学生说I have some quick questions about how to write up the research project I did this semester, about...climate varation. 原文中的定位词相当于是write the project。再看正确答案中的write the report。write就是我讲的AA,而project就是我说的AB,同义词替换。
那么我们回头再看一下关于song development的lecture,song development就是AA。而答案中的How it develops from an early age就是AB,第二个位置,定在了关于subsong的举例的位置,因为举例属于supporting detail看到了么baby反复重复,所以选B
23. How does the professor introduce her description of the sounds a chaffinch makes during subsong?
She contrasts the subsong of a chaffinch with the subsongs of other songbird species.
She compares the sounds a chaffinch makes to those a human baby makes.
She describes the sound of an adult chaffinch’s full song.
She reminds the class how scientists define begging ca
结尾处,相当于主旨,而且重复,出题,看到我划得exposure,所以最后一题选C
20. What is the evidence for chaffinches’ having a sensitive period for song learning?
They begin to practice their song in the spring.
They do not develop full song until their second year.
They need little exposure to adult song in order to learn it.
They do not make many sounds for the first five weeks of their lives.