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发表于 2014-12-7 16:32:10
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tesolchina 发表于 2014-10-31 11:00
argument 87
In a study of the reading habits of Waymarsh citizens conducted by the University ...
argument 87
In a study of the reading habits of Waymarsh citizens conducted by the University of Waymarsh, most respondents said that they preferred literary classics as reading material. However, a second study conducted by the same researchers found that the type of book most frequently checked out of each of the public libraries in Waymarsh was the mystery novel. Therefore, it can be concluded that the respondents in the first study had misrepresented their reading habits.
Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
The author of the argument concludes that the respondents in the first study must have lied about their reading habits as the public library records suggested that mystery novels were more frequently borrowed. We need more information about the library records, the Waymarsh citizens’ reading habits and the design of the first survey in order to evaluate the soundness of the argument.
试分析第一段的两句话分别做了什么。
第一句指明了argument的结论和根据。
第二句总结了我们仍需的信息,第二句为全文的中心句,统领了下面的行文。
其中第二句话如何与后面的中间段呼应?
第二句话中the library records对应下文第一段,the Waymarsh citizens’ reading habits 对应第二段,the design of the first survey 对应第三段。且后文每段的开头句即点明段中心内容。
To begin with, we need to know more about the records and other aspects of public libraries to see if the reasoning is acceptable. For example, we want to know if the public libraries feature a large collection of literary classics available for the Waymarsh people. If this genre is simply not available, it would be no surprise that library patrons would turn to mystery novels. Meanwhile, focusing on the frequency of the books being checked out is not sufficient. And maybe the patrons would prefer to keep the literary classics for a longer period of time, thereby reducing the frequency of the books being loaned. We also need to see if patrons have chosen to read literary classics in the reading rooms in the libraries instead of checking the books out.
这个中间段可分为几个点,请分别列出。这几个点之间是如何过渡的?
本段对图书馆做出了3点假设,我们需要获得关于这三种假设是否成立的信息。
1、关于馆内是否没有文学经典可借的信息,提出一句,后一句分析若得到此证据,会对argu产生的weaken的影响。
Meanwhile, argu中只关注借书频率是不够的。此句为过渡句。
2、 可能阅读者借文学经典时间长,故频率低。
3、可能阅读者选择在图书馆内读文学经典而不是借走它们。
In addition, it is also important to look into the reading habits of the people in Waymarsh. Public libraries are by no means the only source of literary classics. Waymarsh people could buy many of the books from the local bookstores or order them online via Amazon or Border. In fact, since a great many of literary classics have become part of the public domain without the restriction of copyright, Waymarsh people can even download e-copies of the books from the Internet for free. So a more comprehensive study of whether Waymarsh people access the literary classics through the above-mentioned sources is necessary to get the information we need to evaluate the argument.
这一段的论述结构和上一段有什么不同?
此段结构:
论证中心句: Public libraries are by no means the only source of literary classics.
两点解释:1、人们可以去书店或上网买。
2、人们可以上网免费下载电子书。
总结。
与上段相比,本段是一个论证,为支撑论点提出两个论据。上段为几种可能的假设的列举。
Finally, we need to scrutinize the first study more critically. For example, how were the respondents sampled for the study and how representative were the respondents relative to the population at Waymarsh? If the study were conducted at high schools or university, which was quite convenient for such study, the respondents would be predominantly young people and the older people at Waymarsh would have been underrepresented in the study. Moreover, was the survey questionnaire carefully designed to include all genres including mystery novel? If the respondents were not given the option mystery novel, it would be unfair to claim that they had misrepresented themselves. After all the respondents could only provide the information requested by the questionnaire.
这一段的论述结构和上面那一段更接近?
第一段,本段也为几种可能假设的列举和分析。
In conclusion, to see if the respondents have misrepresented their reading habits, we need more evidence about the public libraries, the reading habits of the Waymarsh residents and the design of the first study.
试根据本文总结出Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.这类题型的写作讨论。
开头段:
和所有argument开头段的结构一样,第一句总结argu结论及根据,第二句提出仍需的evidence,并与下文展开一一对应。
中间段:To begin with, we need to know more about…
In addition, it is also important to look into the reading habits of the people in Waymarsh...
Finally, we need to scrutinize…
首句引出本段中心,即我们需要知道的证据。
论证方法1:有条理的提出2到3点假设或问题,并针对这些假设对argument的正确性的影响做出分析。
For example, how were the respondents sampled for the study and how representative were the respondents relative to the population at Waymarsh? If the study were conducted at high schools or university, which was quite convenient for such study, the respondents would be predominantly young people and the older people at Waymarsh would have been underrepresented in the study.
论证方法2:当有明确的其他可能但argu中未涉及,可用论证还有其他可能的方法。
结尾段:In conclusion, to see if the respondents have misrepresented their reading habits, we need more evidence about…总结全文。
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