【thatll】iBT备考日志

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加油

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31# catfield
来点实质性的奖励嘛，呵呵

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【听力----SSS--July 3, 2009】
Genetic Link For Perfect Pitch?
Recent research claims to have found some evidence for a genetic link to perfect pitch.

[The following is an exact transcript of this podcast.]

We might think perfect pitch is an innate （这里有连读有略读，an中的n何后面的i连音，innate中的t的发音和后面的talent的t的发音一致，被略读，所以在这里听起来就只能听见ana）talent. Well（听成了now）, a study in the American Journal of Human Genetics is providing some evidence for that.
Perfect pitch, aka absolute pitch, is the rare（听成real） ability to name or recreate musical notes like A or（听成and） middle C without using any comparable reference.
Researchers at（听成了in，确切的说是没听出来是什么，应该是in，但是因为他很缩，所以应该和前后的音有想象，所以应该是后后面的the中的th的发音类似，所以应该是at） the University of California San Francisco studied the results from an online（这里真的很难听出来，连的略的很厉害，后来知道了答案听也不太能理解到底怎么发音的） test taken by over ten thousand people. Not surprisingly, individuals tended to either（这里连的也很厉害来，也很不好听，因为他最后就类似于tend did这中感觉，事实上是tended只发ten to发成了d和后面的either连在一起就是deither听起来想did，th这个浊辅音听成了d这个浊辅音） have perfect pitch or not（由于他和前面念得很分开，所以听起来像why not）.
But in a closer study of 73 families researchers found a region of genes on chromosome eight in those with perfect pitch and also they happen to be from European（听成了your） ancestry. More study is needed to（这里没听出来，应该是studies are needed actually） zero in on just which gene or multiple genes might be responsible. And for comparison they intend to study individuals without perfect pitch but with equivalent musical training.
There is some evidence that babies have the ability for absolute pitch, so researchers for this study theorize that maybe most lose this ability with age, but that what a so-called pitch gene does is extend this talent through a crucial period in childhood.

—Christie Nicholson

注意：aka：abbr. also known as

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【阅读+写作----guardian.co.uk, Thursday 2 July 2009 08.00 BST 】
Promises of immortality
An English scientist is on a one-man mission to eliminate mortality – but would you like to live in a society without death?


Death is up there with sex on the euphemism scale. When someone breathes their last, they don't simply "die". They pass away, go to a better place, meet their maker, give up the ghost – and more colourfully, bite the dust, push up the daisies or, with a hangman's macabre wit, kick the bucket. Why do people have so much trouble mentioning that unmentionable state? It is, as the morbidly glib never tire of reminding us, as natural as life. In fact, considering that we spend more time dead than alive – we may live to be 100 but we are classified as "dead" forever after – it is perhaps a more natural state.

死亡和性一样有很多委婉的说法。当一个人停止呼吸时，他不只是“死去”了——他离开了人世，去了一个更好的地方，见到了造物主，灵魂离开了肉体……还有更丰富多彩的说法：倒下，长眠地下，或者刽子手可怕的幽默——一命呜呼。为什么人们提起这件难以启齿的事时这么麻烦？正如那些能说会道者喋喋不休地提醒我们的，它就像生命一样自然。实际上，既然我们死去的时间远比活着的时间长——我们也许能活到一百岁，但在那之后就永远被归为“死去的”一类——死亡可能是一种更为自然的状态。

• 这里我们的第一句话就很好，什么东西和什么东西一样具有什么样的性质，可以表达为什么东西和什么东西同在什么样的天平上，意即两者关于这个是一样的。Sth. is up there with sth. on some scale。
• push up(the) -sies [俚]葬在地下; [口]死                         under the -sies [俚]葬在地下              daisy：雏菊
• “正如那些能说会道者喋喋不休地提醒我们的，它就像生命一样自然。”这句话的翻译It is, as the morbidly glib never tire of reminding us, as natural as life.  其中never tire of doing sth, 是一个很好的表达。
• “我们死去的时间远比活着的时间长”we spend more time dead than alive

In addition to the grief and the sense of loss death conjures up, we, as a species, are scared to death of dying and so would rather not talk about it, in case that ancient superstition is true and we tempt fate and draw the unwanted attentions of Death. Well, fingers crossed and hearts crescented that the Grim Reaper or Azrael do not read the Guardian.

死亡不仅唤起我们的悲伤和失落感，我们作为一种生物还对死亡害怕得要命，因此不愿谈论它，生怕万一古老的迷信应验，我们的冒险招惹了死神的注意。好吧，食指和中指交叉（译注：一种祈求好运的手势），祈祷那个狰狞的持镰收割者（译注：指死神）或者死亡天使不要读到卫报吧。

• 第一个句子是显然的长句，我们在表达不仅而且的时候想到的往往是not only but also, 这里我们学到一个in addition to sth and sth, we do sth.  在表达唤起的时候我们除了想到arouse以外我们也要能想到conjure up.  "对...怕得要命" be scared to death of sth.   我们因为什么所以什么的表达我们也可以这样简单的说，we are sth. so do sth. 要是我们还要同时表达出这是以防什么的意思的时候，后面就直接跟 in case that....  tempt:To provoke or to risk provoking: Don't tempt fate.

Our fear of and fascination with death have been the lifeblood of religion since time immemorial, and have left us with some of human civilisation's most impressive monuments. Religion promises us that death is not the end, but the beginning of a life immortal – if we're good, we go to heaven or are reincarnated as a higher being, and if we're bad … then hell hath no fury like a god scorned!

自古以来，我们对死亡的恐惧和神往就是宗教的命脉，而且留给我们一些人类文明中最伟大的古迹。宗教向我们承诺死亡并不是终点，而是不朽生命的起点——如果我们是好人，我们就会上天堂，或者转生为更高级的存在；如果我们是坏人……那么地狱里，没有什么比被上帝蔑视更可怕的狂怒了！

• monument : a written legal document or record
• hell has no fury like a god scorned

In the absence of faith, death takes on a whole other dimension. I feel a strange sense of emptiness and humility that, one day, I will only "live on" in the consequences of my actions. Without the prospect of heaven and just an endless, empty void to look forward to, life, at first sight, can seem like hell. But since we're not going to be sentient of it, it's actually a pretty good prospect, especially since we're all likely to suffer eternal damnation according to one religious tradition or another.

如果没有信仰，死亡的意义就完全不同了。想到有一天我将只能“继续活在”我做过的事情的结果里，我就有一种奇怪的空虚和卑微感。没有对天堂的期待，只有无穷无尽的空虚，这样乍一看，生命就像是地狱。但既然我们死后就不再有知觉，这实际上是一种相当好的前景，尤其是想到不管根据哪种宗教传统，我们死后都很可能遭到永恒的诅咒。

• 如果没有什么，将会怎么怎么样  这样的表达我们通常是if条件句，事实上这里的句式也很好，in the absence of sth,....   这里我们要学习他的整句，也就是如果没有什么，什么就会变得完全不一样，那就是 in the absence of sth, sth takes on a whole other dimension.
• “想到有一天我将只能“继续活在”我做过的事情的结果里，我就有一种奇怪的空虚和卑微感。”I feel a strange sense of emptiness and humility that, one day, I will only "live on" in the consequences of my actions. 这里的that用得很地道，我们要学。
• “没有对天堂的期待，只有无穷无尽的空虚，这样乍一看，生命就像是地狱。”Without the prospect of heaven and just an endless, empty void to look forward to, life, at first sight, can seem like hell.

After killing God and condemning humanity to death after death, can science fill the heaven-sized void left in our conscience? One scientist, Aubrey de Grey, is on a one-man mission to end the greying of the human condition and herald in the age of immortality. The secret to becoming immortal lies not in some mysterious elixir of life but in the power of regenerative medicine. His "strategies for engineered negligible senescence" (SENS) are based on rather the same concept as renovating or restoring an old house. Perhaps inspired by the religious significance of the number seven, De Grey has identified "seven deadly assassins" in our bodies – including our immune system – which, if combated, will allow us to live indefinitely. Once a treatment for these seven deadly bodily sins has been developed, all that needs to occur is for a patient to spend a couple of months in hospital undergoing stem cell, gene therapies and vaccinations. Once they've checked out, a 60-year-old patient will have, say, the body of a 30-year-old, making them in theory immortal but not indestructible. This means that we would be left with the mind-boggling situation in which my mother could be physically younger than me.

在否认了上帝、宣判人死不能复生之后，科学能填补我们心中和天堂一样大的空白吗？一位名叫奥布里·德·格雷（Aubrey de Grey）的科学家正在朝着结束人类衰老、迈进永生时代的目标孤军奋战。永生的秘密不在于某种神秘的长生不老药，而在于再生医学的魔力。他的“人为的、可忽略的衰老策略”（strategies for engineered negligible senescence，SENS)的原理就和翻新或修复一座老房子差不多。也许是受到了数字7的宗教意义的启发，德·格雷指出了人体的“七个致命刺客”——其中包括我们的免疫系统——如果战胜了它们，我们的生命就可以无限地延长。一旦研究出了对付这致命的七宗罪的治疗方法，病人就只需在医院里呆几个月，进行干细胞、基因治疗和接种疫苗。当他们出院时，一个60岁的病人也许将拥有30岁的身体，这使得他们在理论上是不朽的，但并非坚不可摧。这意味着可能出现令人难以置信的情形：我的母亲可以在生理上比我还年轻。

• “这意味着可能出现令人难以置信的情形：我的母亲可以在生理上比我还年轻。”This means that we would be left with the mind-boggling situation in which my mother could be physically younger than me.

Despite the eccentricity of his dream, De Grey is, in fact, not the first to tread this path. In fact, a humble jellyfish seems to have discovered the keys to eternity. Like an underwater Benjamin Button, the Turritopsis Nutricula is able to turn back its body clock and become a juvenile once it mates. So how long will it be before we can become jellyfish-like immortals? According to De Grey, we will reach what he calls the "human longevity escape velocity" within 25 years. "We have at least a 10% chance that we'll not get there for another 100 years," he also cautioned in an interview with the BBC's Focus magazine. Not surprisingly, much of the scientific community is not impressed with De Grey's pseudo-prophetic promises of immortality.

虽然德·格雷的梦想很离奇，但他其实并不是第一个走这条路的人。事实上，一种不起眼的水母似乎发现了长生不老的秘诀。就像水下的本杰明·巴顿，灯塔水母能够把自己的生物钟往回拨，在交配之后重新回到幼年期。我们还要过多久才能像水母那样长生不老？据德·格雷说，我们将在25年内达到他所谓的“人类寿命的逃逸速度”。但他在接受BBC的《焦点》杂志采访时谨慎地说：“至少有10%的概率，我们在100年内还达不到这一步。”并不令人吃惊的是，科学界大多对德·格雷伪预言式的永生承诺不以为然。

• 我们还要过多久才能像水母那样长生不老？So how long will it be before we can become jellyfish-like immortals?
• 并不令人吃惊的是，科学界大多对德·格雷伪预言式的永生承诺不以为然。Not surprisingly, much of the scientific community is not impressed with De Grey's pseudo-prophetic promises of immortality.

Of course, there is a certain appeal to the idea of turning back your biological clock for real and having a second stab at youth but with the experience of age. But even if it were possible, would such an "Everland" be a utopia or a dystopia? Well, at first, such expensive technology is only likely to be available to the very rich and will act as a futuristic substitute for Botox and cosmetic surgery. Imagine what it would do to the class struggle if the more arrogant members of the upper crust not only acted like gods but lived like demigods?

当然，如果真能把生物钟拨回去，重新经历一遍年轻时代，而又多了年龄带来的经验，这种前景是挺诱人的。但即使它有可能实现，这样一个“梦幻乐园”将成为乌托邦还是反乌托邦呢？首先，这种昂贵的技术只可能被非常富裕的人享用，而且它将在未来成为肉毒杆菌毒素和整容手术的替代品。想想吧，如果上流社会那些傲慢的家伙不仅行为举止像神，而且活得像半神半人，将给阶级斗争带来什么新动向？

Even if such treatment eventually becomes available on the NHS, it raises profound questions. Should people's lives be extended indefinitely? If not, should society or the individual choose when to pull the plug? Should a 250-year-old physical teen be treated as an adult and served alcohol or not? Would society take long-term threats, such as the environment, more seriously because people will actually live to see the consequences? Does living so long rob future generations of their right to life? Would you like to live in a society without death?

即使这样的治疗最终成为国民健康保险制度的一部分，它也会引发深远的问题。人的生命应该无限延长吗？如果不应该，是由社会还是个人来决定什么时候停止？一个250岁高龄但生理上只有十几岁的人能否被看作成人，能否买酒？社会是否会更严肃地对待长远的威胁（例如环境问题），因为人们能活到看到后果的时候？活这么长会不会剥夺子孙后代的生存权？你愿意生活在一个没有死亡的社会里吗？

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加油，偶明天也开始备考日志~

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34# thatll
蜗牛兄，我上面两个你在我没有编辑之前就给分哈，真的是鼓励我去完成编辑哈，呵呵，继续鼓励我哦，哈哈

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最後の使徒
ISSUE破题策略（适合于T作文破题）

• 让步策略（平衡结构）

ISSUE中的让步点有着完全不一样的作用：
1、如之前所说，对于难以破题的题目，让步点几乎自动生成，所以一大作用是充实文章内容；
2、显示你思维的全面性，对问题多方面考虑。

首先第一条，因为为了保持题目的公平性和辨证性，所有ISSUE题目都是正反都能说的，不会象高考作文一样你不和谐就和谐掉你，而一个题目从正或反去考虑肯定有一到两个出发点是非常好想的，所以此时让步点就是从反面去想的一个最好象的点，因此在破题时跟正面主论点几乎同时生成，因此对快速破题有好处。很明显，第一条好处对拿高分没有什么帮助。

主要说第二条，思考全面的用来干什么的？用来支持你的论点。Issue的出发点要求develops a position on the issue with insightful reasons and/or persuasive examples, 也就是说你的所有原因和例证是用来支持position的。很让步点从反面出发点，怎么能用来支持正面观点？当然可以，它是用来堵反面出发点的。

所以我们在使用让步策略的时候一定要注意一点，也是致命的一点那就是千万别使让步结构走样，变成半赞同半反对的生硬拼凑。我们的应对策略就是：
首先我们一定要明确我们的观点，因为这种观点肯定都能展开，T考察我们的就是如何有效的论证我们自己测观点，就跟辩论赛一样。所以我们确定了观点以后我们要做的就是先让步，提出缺点，但是紧接着我们必须通过一定的方式将其拉回来支持你自己的观点。比如说通过这些确定并不是必然的，而是认为的，是可以克服的等等。然后在提出自己的正面论据开展开论证。

• 正面策略

一般而言，ETS出的ISSUE题目都是以社会、教育、政治、哲学这些很抽象很社会化的学科为话题的，因此所有的题目都能找到它的社会归属，我们的讨论出发点就也就可以大致分为三个方向：1、话题的本质，或者说内在逻辑，比如产生的根源；2、话题的作用，即外在逻辑，比如对社会的影响；3、话题的定义，即逻辑基本点，比如话题中某个关键词的定义。这三点是ISSUE破题发展分论点的出发点，也是决定我们在面对ISSUE是选择POSITION的根本原因，如何合理地选取出发点，做到结构清晰连贯、观点便于论证、论证严密强大是ISSUE破题的重中之重。

举个例子，还是ISSUE "Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student."

1、话题本质：个人兴趣与教育制度的契合度问题，可以产生的分论点：教育如何满足个人兴趣？怎样实施？
2、话题作用：教育制度适合个人兴趣后对我们带来的影响，可以产生的分论点：能否提高学生的积极性？对社会带来什么负担？对学生带来什么负面影响？
3、话题定义：题目中具有可讨论性关键词的定义，比如effective，可以产生的分论点：什么是effective？社会总体进步？个人价值实现？和谐社会？

可以看到1和2产生观点很容易重复，因为本质上讲这二者是一体的，在破一些实用性比较强而且用意很直接的题目时这二者区别不大。但明显第3点的立意比前2者抽象很多，这是涉及到价值观、世界观讨论的问题。

这也是我为什么极力推崇第3方向出发点的原因：深刻、本质化。

近代哲学将重点从一些形而上的世界本源话题转移到了语言学话题，提出以语言为架构来研究知识系统，这不是因为哲学发展到了尽头，而是因为研究语言能最好的揭示思维结构，从而为我们的发展提供指导意见。在ISSUE写作中采取对题目关键词进行剖析的手法，正是一种近代哲学的做法，它可以让你的文章具有自己的基石，形成根本性的讨论层面，从而在本质上强化文章的论证。这些的ISSUE题目有很多，比如ISSUE“Scandals—whether in politics, academia, or other areas—can be useful. They focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could. ”这里什么是useful就很值得讨论，而且之后一句的解释也是意在说明这个useful是怎么产生的，因此讨论useful的定义就显得很必要了。而对于这类关键词的讨论，则又是一个庞大的话题，我们一直所争论的“正义”“正确”“有用”“有利”“美好”“重要”这些带有主观判断的词汇都在其范畴之内，我会在以后的文章中针对这一话题进行细化的讨论。

采用话题定义出发点的破题，可以以讨论题目中某一关键词为BODY第一部分，进而展开全文写作。需要注意的是，关键词解释想要发挥作用，就一定要让它跟另外两点作为高同步率，即对关键词的解释可以直接对应到产生的影响和本质。以ISSUE"There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws."为例，讨论“just”的定义为符合人的天性”或者“保持人们的生活水平”就会对应到不同的影响，“人的天性”会自然想到违反不正义的法律即实现人的天性（自由友爱美德等），而后者则会联系到违反不正义的法律是为了社会发展生产力提高，因此得出的论证是不同的。

对于一些比较难的题目，1和2则容易产生很明确的区别，最典型的如ISSUE "The chief benefit of the study of history is to break down the illusion that people in one period of time are significantly different from people who lived at any other time in history."

很多人看到这道题第一眼连它说的是什么都不清楚，更别说破题了，此时就有必要从1话题本质来进行讨论——这个问题是如何产生的？这幻觉是哪来的？然后才能讨论这种幻觉带来的社会影响、作用、认识历史的目的等等问题。此时1和2的分工也比较明确，1解释题目，2说它对不对。之所以说难题才会有区别，是因为简单题根本不用解释，建个全球大学谁不知道怎么建、教育个性化谁不知道怎么弄……遇到这种题，问题的产生和它的影响是一致的。更准确的说，我这里说的“难题”和“简单题”也是以话题本质和话题影响是否容易分开为标准来划分的。

事实上我们大部分时候用的破题点都是属于影响范畴的，因为我们主要是为了讨论题目的说法对不对，而这个讨论的标准就是它的影响好不好，相比而言1和3更象是一种铺垫——把问题说明白了，再去判断它的对错就水到渠成。从这点而言，2是最必要的论证点，你可以不说题目的话题是怎么来的，也可以不解释题目中的关键词，但一定得讨论题目的话题有什么影响，否则就得不出一个position。但三者的区分也不是特别明确，因为在1和3中也可以贯穿选择position的理由。比如在论证illusion的时候，这个词本身就带有负评价，因此已经对立场有所判断了。

综上所述，我推荐在发展ISSUE分论点时适当考虑1和3的内容，即讨论话题产生的根源、社会原因和话题本身的定义，这样可以提高写作的立意，使之更具有深度。而社会影响方面则是ISSUE分论点的重点，适当的积累背景知识会对一块的提高有所帮助，比如ISSUE "Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any society's past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes. In such situations, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be served." 一般人知道历史建筑有审美价值、政治意义，而专业知识则能从建筑进化适应气候、环境陌生化带来社会成员心情变化、文脉缺失破坏文化个性等方面来解释问题。当然我是从我的专业背景来解释，大家都不是全能者，不可能哪道题都成专家，但对于高频题的背景知识适当了解是很必要的，因此推荐去看看同主题写作系列，平时多加关注社会新闻和社会评论也是有好处。

• 分领域策略

分领域讨论的好处和让步类似，即简单快捷，由于在不同领域内你只需要考虑最基本的一到两个出发点，这样加在一起一个领域就一个，罗列起来便成了一篇完整的文章，可以很方便的发展出多个分论点，而且不愁论证内容重复、没有例子用。但这种分论点的缺点也很明显——不完全归纳。你可以说在两三个领域里这个立场成立，但不能以此为依据推出其它领域内立场也成立，由于不同领域要分析的背景又不一样，想要升华主题做到抽象化后便于推广到其它领域，等于又回到了之前的破题思路，难度反而变大，因此对于想拿高分特别是满分的考生我个人不是很推荐这种破题思路。

thatllUID：2538832

【阅读+作文---ScienceDaily (Mar. 13, 2009)】
High IQ Linked To Reduced Risk Of Death — A study of one million Swedish men has revealed a strong link between cognitive ability and the risk of death, suggesting that government initiatives to increase education opportunities may also have health benefits.

Dr David Batty, a Wellcome Trust research fellow at the MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit in Glasgow, and colleagues, found that a lower IQ was strongly associated with a higher risk of death from causes such as accidents, coronary heart disease and suicide.
The researchers studied data from one million Swedish men conscripted to the army at the age of 18. After they had taken into account whether a person had grown up in a safer, more affluent environment, they found that only education had an influence on the relationship between IQ and death.
这里我们要学会表达在考虑了某些因素以后，只有什么因素和某事物有关联的方式。

The researchers say the link between IQ and mortality could be partially attributed to the healthier behaviours displayed by those who score higher on IQ tests.
"People with higher IQ test scores tend to be less likely to smoke or drink alcohol heavily, they eat better diets, and they are more physically active. So they have a range of better behaviours that may partly explain their lower mortality risk," says Dr Batty.
这里我们要学会运用这些词汇，像physically active就是积极锻炼身体的意思。

Previous studies have suggested that preschool education programmes and better nourishment can raise IQ scores. The study suggests this may also have previously unforeseen health benefits, further validating government efforts to improve living conditions and education.

Dr Batty suggests there may also be benefits from simplifying health information for the public.
"If you believe the association between IQ and mortality is at least partially explained by people with a lower IQ having worse behaviours - which is plausible - then it might be that the messages used to change health behaviours are too complicated," he says.
这里之前什么样的行为在现在看来可能显得太复杂这样的自己表达，我们自己翻译的时候往往就直接来了，这里用it might be that显得比较地道。

"Messages about diet, including how much or what type of alcohol is beneficial, aren't simple, and the array of strategies available for quitting smoking are diverse and actually quite complicated. If you clarify the options available to people who want to, say, quit smoking, in the short term that may have an effect."
A second study, also co-authored by Dr Batty, used data from more than 4000 US soldiers and followed them for 15 years. The study found the same relationship between IQ scores and mortality, as well as a significant association between higher neuroticism and increased mortality risk.

BALLON6UID：2576833

支持一个~
恩 加油！

thatllUID：2538832

【阅读+写作】
The 10 Essential Rules for Slowing Down and Enjoying Life More

It’s an irony of our modern lives that while technology is continually invented that saves us time, we use that time to do more and more things, and so our lives are more fast-paced and hectic than ever.
这一句话我觉得我们在写作或者是口语中都可以常常出现，我记得在GRE的issue中就有这样的论题，我们的科技为我们节省了很多时间，但是我们却没有时间来享受生活。这个是值得我们反省的事情，那这句话就很好的很地道的表达了这个意思。
Life moves at such a fast pace that it seems to pass us by before we can really enjoy it.
这句话我们可以翻译为：生活如此匆匆以至于在我们还没有来得及真正享受的时候，他就在我们身边溜走。
However, it doesn’t have to be this way. Let’s rebel against a hectic lifestyle and slow down to enjoy life.
A slower-paced life means making time to enjoy your mornings, instead of rushing off to work in a frenzy. It means taking time to enjoy whatever you’re doing, to appreciate the outdoors, to actually focus on whoever you’re talking to or spending time with — instead of always being connected to a Blackberry or iPhone or laptop, instead of always thinking about work tasks and emails. It means single-tasking rather than switching between a multitude of tasks and focusing on none of them.
make time to do sth.腾出时间来干某事
这意味着什么而不是什么的表达方式，it means sth, rather than sth.
switch between a multitude of tasks

Slowing down is a conscious choice, and not always an easy one, but it leads to a greater appreciation for life and a greater level of happiness.
Here’s how to do it.
1. Do less. It’s hard to slow down when you are trying to do a million things. Instead, make the conscious choice to do less. Focus on what’s really important, what really needs to be done, and let go of the rest. Put space between tasks and appointments, so you can move through your days at a more leisurely pace.
2. Be present. It’s not enough to just slow down — you need to actually be mindful of whatever you’re doing at the moment. That means, when you find yourself thinking about something you need to do, or something that’s already happened, or something that might happen … gently bring yourself back to the present moment. Focus on what’s going on right now. On your actions, on your environment, on others around you. This takes practice but is essential.
3. Disconnect(脱离网络). Don’t always be connected. If you carry around an iPhone or Blackberry or other mobile device, shut it off. Better yet, learn to leave it behind when possible. If you work on a computer most of the day, have times when you disconnect so you can focus on other things. Being connected all the time means we’re subject to interruptions, we’re constantly stressed about information coming in, we are at the mercy of the demands of others. It’s hard to slow down when you’re always checking new messages coming in.
at the mercy of:任...摆布，在...前毫无办法
4. Focus on people. Too often we spend time with friends and family, or meet with colleagues, and we’re not really there with them. We talk to them but are distracted by devices. We are there, but our minds are on things we need to do. We listen, but we’re really thinking about ourselves and what we want to say. None of us are immune to this, but with conscious effort you can shut off the outside world and just be present with the person you’re with. This means that just a little time spent with your family and friends can go a long way — a much more effective use of your time, by the way. It means we really connect with people rather than just meeting with them.
5. Appreciate nature. Many of us are shut in our homes and offices and cars and trains most of the time, and rarely do we get the chance to go outside. And often even when people are outside, they’re talking on their cell phones. Instead, take the time to go outside and really observe nature, take a deep breath of fresh air, enjoy the serenity of water and greenery. Exercise outdoors when you can, or find other outdoor activities to enjoy such as nature walks, hiking, swimming, etc. Feel the sensations of water and wind and earth against your skin. Try to do this daily — by yourself or with loved ones.
6. Eat slower. Instead of cramming food down our throats as quickly as possible — leading to overeating and a lack of enjoyment of our food — learn to eat slowly. Be mindful of each bite. Appreciate the flavors and textures. Eating slowly has the double benefit of making you fuller on less food and making the food taste better. I suggest learning to eat more real food as well, with some great spices (instead of fat and salt and sugar and frying for flavor).
7. Drive slower. Speedy driving is a pretty prevalent habit in our fast-paced world, but it’s also responsible for a lot of traffic accidents, stress, and wasted fuel. Instead, make it a habit to slow down when you drive. Appreciate your surroundings. Make it a peaceful time to contemplate your life, and the things you’re passing. Driving will be more enjoyable, and much safer. You’ll use less fuel too.
8. Find pleasure in anything. This is related to being present, but taking it a step farther. Whatever you’re doing, be fully present … and also appreciate every aspect of it, and find the enjoyable aspects. For example, when washing dishes, instead of rushing through it as a boring chore to be finished quickly, really feel the sensations of the water, the suds, the dishes. It can really be an enjoyable task if you learn to see it that way. The same applies to other chores — washing the car, sweeping, dusting, laundry — and anything you do, actually. Life can be so much more enjoyable if you learn this simple habit.
9. Single-task. The opposite of multi-tasking. Focus on one thing at a time. When you feel the urge to switch to other tasks, pause, breathe, and pull yourself back.
10. Breathe. When you find yourself speeding up and stressing out, pause, and take a deep breath. Take a couple more. Really feel the air coming into your body, and feel the stress going out. By fully focusing on each breath, you bring yourself back to the present, and slow yourself down. It’s also nice to take a deep breath or two — do it now and see what I mean. :)

thatllUID：2538832

【听写---7.7常速VOA 】

10# 奔跑蜗牛
Migrants working in the 30（听成city） OECD nations come from all over the world.In the case of the United States, many hail from（没听出来，这个词也不熟） Latin America. In Western Europe, they come from Africa and Eastern Europe.
Just a few years ago, they were（这个应该是was吧，虽然听起来像were） a critical factor in the economic booms witnessed in Spain（这里首先witness不熟，spain也没听出来）, Ireland and Britain. And the money they sent back to their families in the form of remittances was also（我听成了 without so，并且真的很像，因为was also连读） important to the economies of developing nations.
By contrast, almost one-in-10 immigrants working in Spain was unemployed during the first quarter of this year, for example, almost twice（没反应过来） the unemployment rate of local workers. Immigrants also face discrimination in their host countries, many of which are tightening their immigration（tighten不熟没听出来，their immigration有连读有弱读很难听） policies.
But Liebig says that does not necessarily mean these migrants are going home. "We still have the crisis （这里好像还有一词，貌似often）in origin（没听出来，他读成orgin的这种感觉） countries. So financial incentive（和前面的financial有连读） might not be sufficient to incite（比较模糊） migrants to go back into that situation where they face even poorer labor market conditions in origin（这个地方太快，实在听不出来） countries."
The OECD is urging governments not to slam the door on migrants and to adopt fairer immigration policies because they will need foreign labor in the future when the economy picks up.

词汇学习：
hail from：Come from, originate from, as in He hails from Oklahoma. This term originally referred to the port from which a ship had sailed. [Mid-1800s]
slam：To shut with force and loud noise: slammed the door.  
thatll 发表于 2009-7-7 17:01

thatllUID：2538832

【关于听写材料】

Iam13(小丝丝)
听力全对的经验，我觉得很有用哦！结合我的听力（IBT）资料大总结（转贴）
作者:huntersow来源:太傻

最近听力终于突破了荒原期。基本上听听力错不到2个。大部分时候全对。（在作ETS样题时全对哦！开心阿！）把自己的经验拿出来和大家分享一下！

我听力本来有一定的底子。应为考过5T，但是没考好。回来了后，对各方面进行强化，包括听力。开始时对iBT的听力长度很不适应。3～7分钟。老托福最长的不过4分钟。鲜明的对比是我不得不寻找解决方案。在一次新东方上课的时候，口语外教提示说可以听广播来强化口语。由此受到启发。拿这个方法来强化听力。我的想法是，如果以外语广播那种速度和词汇量都可以听懂的话，托福听力就没问题了。坚持了2个月后收效甚大。第一个星期还没什么感觉，几乎听不懂。从第三个星期开始越来越有感觉，从第二个月开始就大部分可以听懂了。不懂得词我通过发音查出来。（推荐金山词霸网络版 http://www.iciba.com/index.php，即使你输入的不对，但是只要接近，他都会把拼写相近的词显示出来，特别好用。可以积累一定的外国人常用词汇。这样说起来，写起来都感觉更地道。对于阅读里的一些外国幽默或文华也可以跟好的理解。总之，是好东西。）而且，我是狂听，一天不知道几个小时的听，记单词的时候听，作阅读的时候听，没事的时候听，灌灌耳朵。可以装到MP3上的装到MP3上，出门听。这样可能不适合有些人。但是多听吧。

以下推荐几个我听得广播，大家试试吧～！

1、我首推Scientific American Magazine的Podcast。ETS官方承认过很多阅读文章来自于该网的免费文章。尤其是科技类的。要加强阅读的同志们可以去看看。而且可以让你适应在屏幕上阅读。推荐每天看一个小时的文章，顺便把广播也放上。这个广播也都是和科学相关的。有大量的科学学术相关词汇。发音清晰。特别的好。每星期放出一个新的节目。最难能可贵的是可以下载！听不懂的，可以反复听。这个听会了。托福，小样别嚣张了！
阅读网址：http://www.sciam.com 里面分类的，自己挑着看！
广播地址： http://www.sciam.com/podcast/?ref=p_house

最近Scientific American Magazine的Podcast推出了新节目.60 seconds science.很短。只有1分钟，相对容易些。

2、我在推NPR，National Pubic Radio，好东东。没广告，发音清晰，内容也挺丰富的。速度快，也不卡。推荐使用Realone Player，Realone Player支持回放。那部分听不动了可以重听。Windows Media Player就不行。所以强烈推荐使用Realone Player。标准美音。
网址：www.npr.org
进去了以后会看到标志，NPR Program Stream，第一次点开会让你选使用哪个播放器，选Realone Player!


3.上面两个是我最常听的。下面这几个我不常听，当时考虑到可能有人有兴趣，我就发上来了。不是非常好。有瑕疵。

CNN的在线广播了。不卡。很清晰。
地址： http://www.cnn.com/audio/radio/winmedia.html
如果要直接播放的话，把这个复制到播放器地址栏里：
http://www.cnn.com/audio/radio/liveaudio.asx
只能由Window Media Player
在www.cnn.com上还可以免费看电视新闻，如果你的网络速度够快的话可以试试。我的机子最近不好。

还有美国之音VOA(Voice of America)
地址：http://kinocommunications.com/surfnet/surfnet/voice.asx
复制这个到你的播放器里就行了。如果向上网页的话是：
http://www.voice.voiceamerica.com/
播放栏在网页顶端，这个网的Real One 用不成。很奇怪。和CNN一样。Real One 的回访功能也用不成。
补充，这上面还有很多文章看，多数也是新闻。当阅读看看也是挺好的。就是速度有些慢。。。

4、补充一个可以阅读的地方。没有Scientific American Magazine好。但也可以。
Newsweek 的 科学部分（别的部分对于托福作用不大，当让想看得人可以看看。）
地址：http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3033055/

注：这些在普特（http://forum.putclub.com/forumdisplay.php?fid=27）上都有，我们可以根据这个帖子来了解普特中的相关材料的出处来源，以及和ibt的关系。

BALLON6UID：2576833

恩 这个我也看了
但是我角着吧。。。听写效果出的还是太慢。。
咱准备先跟读语音语调耳朵熟了再说
这是昨天逛阿杜老师的博客得出的结论。。。LZ有兴趣可以去瞅瞅

thatllUID：2538832

【口语材料】
The Top 10 Leadership QualitiesBy David Hakala on March 19, 2008
Leadership can be defined as one's ability to get others to willingly follow. Every organization needs leaders at every level.

A leader with vision has a clear, vivid picture of where to go, as well as a firm grasp on what success looks like and how to achieve it. But it’s not enough to have a vision; leaders must also share it and act upon it. Jack Welch, former chairman and CEO of General Electric Co., said, "Good business leaders create a vision, articulate the vision, passionately own the vision and relentlessly drive it to completion."

A leader must be able to communicate his or her vision in terms that cause followers to buy into it. He or she must communicate clearly and passionately, as passion is contagious.

A good leader must have the discipline to work toward his or her vision single-mindedly, as well as to direct his or her actions and those of the team toward the goal. Action is the mark of a leader. A leader does not suffer “analysis paralysis” but is always doing something in pursuit of the vision, inspiring others to do the same.

Integrity is the integration of outward actions and inner values. A person of integrity is the same on the outside and on the inside. Such an individual can be trusted because he or she never veers from inner values, even when it might be expeditious to do so. A leader must have the trust of followers and therefore must display integrity.

Honest dealings, predictable reactions, well-controlled emotions, and an absence of tantrums and harsh outbursts are all signs of integrity. A leader who is centered in integrity will be more approachable by followers.

Dedication means spending whatever time or energy is necessary to accomplish the task at hand. A leader inspires dedication by example, doing whatever it takes to complete the next step toward the vision. By setting an excellent example, leaders can show followers that there are no nine-to-five jobs on the team, only opportunities to achieve something great.

Magnanimity means giving credit where it is due. A magnanimous leader ensures that credit for successes is spread as widely as possible throughout the company. Conversely, a good leader takes personal responsibility for failures. This sort of reverse magnanimity helps other people feel good about themselves and draws the team closer together. To spread the fame and take the blame is a hallmark of effective leadership.

Leaders with humility recognize that they are no better or worse than other members of the team. A humble leader is not self-effacing but rather tries to elevate everyone. Leaders with humility also understand that their status does not make them a god. Mahatma Gandhi is a role model for Indian leaders, and he pursued a “follower-centric” leadership role.

Openness means being able to listen to new ideas, even if they do not conform to the usual way of thinking. Good leaders are able to suspend judgment while listening to others’ ideas, as well as accept new ways of doing things that someone else thought of. Openness builds mutual respect and trust between leaders and followers, and it also keeps the team well supplied with new ideas that can further its vision.

Creativity is the ability to think differently, to get outside of the box that constrains solutions. Creativity gives leaders the ability to see things that others have not seen and thus lead followers in new directions. The most important question that a leader can ask is, “What if … ?” Possibly the worst thing a leader can say is, “I know this is a dumb question ... ”

Fairness means dealing with others consistently and justly. A leader must check all the facts and hear everyone out before passing judgment. He or she must avoid leaping to conclusions based on incomplete evidence. When people feel they that are being treated fairly, they reward a leader with loyalty and dedication.

Assertiveness is not the same as aggressiveness. Rather, it is the ability to clearly state what one expects so that there will be no misunderstandings. A leader must be assertive to get the desired results. Along with assertiveness comes the responsibility to clearly understand what followers expect from their leader.

Many leaders have difficulty striking the right amount of assertiveness, according to a study in the February 2007 issue of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, published by the APA (American Psychological Association). It seems that being underassertive or overassertive may be the most common weakness among aspiring leaders.

A sense of humor is vital to relieve tension and boredom, as well as to defuse hostility. Effective leaders know how to use humor to energize followers. Humor is a form of power that provides some control over the work environment. And simply put, humor fosters good camaraderie.

Intrinsic traits such as intelligence, good looks, height and so on are not necessary to become a leader. Anyone can cultivate the proper leadership traits.

thatllUID：2538832

43# BALLON6
阿杜？给我链接，呵呵