【thatll】iBT备考日志

saavedroUID: 2423190

105# thatll


好的， 不过 我口语也很差劲。

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【阅读+写作】

What's in the journals, June 2009
----A look at noteworthy articles from the business journals

Blissful oblivion
“for sleepy managers”
By Vicki Culpin and Angela Whelan

Are you feeling drowsy at work? （在这里我们回顾一下高中学的feel这个词的多种用法：见下面）Then the Ashridge Journal has an important message: insufficient sleep is counter-productive, even dangerous—employee tiredness may have had a hand in（表示和什么有干系） the Chernobyl, Exxon Valdez and Challenger disasters. A mere one-and-a-half-hours per night less sleep than required reduces daytime alertness by 32%（如果我们要翻译“一个只比要求的少一个半小时的觉将减少32%的白天警觉度”我觉得我不会翻成如原文那样的，事实上原文这种是最简单的了，直接就是把我所有要修饰的作为前面的定语，a mere one-and-a-half-hours per night less sleep than required 这个就是主语，中心词就是sleep，然后后面紧跟reduce daytime alertness by 32%）; 24 hours without proper shut-eye (say, following a long flight) is equivalent to having drunk four glasses of wine, claim the authors.
Sleep deficits weaken concentration, adaptability, multi-tasking（关于这个我们下面的听力SSS里面就有专门讲这个multitasking的） and risk-assessment abilities, as well as loosening inhibitions. If this describes your cranky irrational boss, then it may be because senior executives are on average more prone to sleep-deprivation (though it might indicate that those needing less sleep tend to get to the top; apparently Margaret Thatcher only required four hours of sleep each night). Too little time in the land of nod（睡眠） may also carry health risks, ranging from colds to heart disease（ranging...from...而我们有时候会用including...）.

幸福的“无知觉”

“给困乏的经理们的起床电话”

By Vicki Culpin and Angela Whelan

你在工作时昏昏欲睡？那么阿什里奇日报（Ashridge Journal）有一条重要的信息：睡眠不足会降低生产力、甚至是危险的——切尔诺贝利核泄漏事故、埃克森公司瓦尔迪兹号油轮漏油事故以及挑战者号航天飞机爆炸等难灾的发生可能都和员工疲劳有关。仅仅每晚比需要的睡眠时间少一个半小时就会让白天的警觉度降低32%；24小时没有好的睡眠（比如说跟班一个长时飞行）等同于喝了四杯葡萄酒，作者称。

睡眠不足减弱注意力，适应能力，处理多个任务和风险评估的能力，并且放松自制力。如果这些描述的恰是你的古怪而失去理性的老板，那么可能因为平均而言，高级行政官更倾向于睡眠剥夺（尽管这可能暗示那些需要较少睡眠的更易跻身高层；一个明显的例子是撒切尔夫人每天晚上只需要睡四个小时）。睡眠时间过少（in the land of nod）也容易产生从感冒到心脏病等健康风险。

feel：
v.tr.   1.

• • To perceive through the sense of touch: feel the velvety smoothness of a peach.
  • To perceive as a physical sensation: feel a sharp pain; feel the cold.
• • To touch.
  • To examine by touching. See synonyms at touch.
• To test or explore with caution: feel one's way in a new job.
• • To undergo the experience of: felt my interest rising; felt great joy.
  • To be aware of; sense: felt the anger of the crowd.
  • To be emotionally affected by: She still feels the loss of her dog.
• • To be persuaded of (something) on the basis of intuition, emotion, or other indefinite grounds: I feel that what the informant says may well be true.
  • To believe; think: She felt his answer to be evasive.

v.intr.

• To experience sensations of touch.
• • To produce a particular sensation, especially through the sense of touch: The sheets felt smooth.
  • To produce a particular impression; appear to be; seem: It feels good to be home. See Usage Note at well2.
• To be conscious of a specified kind or quality of physical, mental, or emotional state: felt warm and content; feels strongly about the election.
• To seek or explore something by the sense of touch: felt for the light switch in the dark.
• To have compassion or sympathy: I feel for him in his troubles.

所以feel这个词作为及物和不及物动词表达了所有我们想表达的关于感受感觉等的概念，比如说感受到了某个东西的某种特性，我们直接后面可以加这个特性的名词，也可以加这个特性的形容词。还可以表示在黑暗中摸寻的意思，也可以表示和某人感同身受的意思，就是feel for sb in sth.，还表示对某事物的当时的感受，我觉得这个人很假，I feel him to be hypocritical.

No free lunch
“Do me a favour”
By Ignacio Urrutia and Luis Manuel Calleja

Some would argue that greater community spirit is needed to offset the shortcomings of capitalism. The “returns” from doing someone a favour (in the form of gratitude) may even prove greater than any return-on-investment measure used by business. IESE Insight argues that depending on how difficult it is to provide the favour and its impact on the recipient, such actions can elicit many positive returns.（“依靠什么干什么，这样的行为会引出什么”这个表达很常用）
The concept is not new: in 2000, the movie “Pay It Forward” pondered the effect of favours being passed on rather than being returned（在思考favour的影响，什么样的favour呢，不要求回报的而不是要求回报的，favours being passed on rather than being returned）. But the favour system is far from（注意这个far from是副词做状语，夹在be altruistic之间） altruistic or always positive: unspoken mutual back-scratching is common（不说出口的互开方便之门是常见的，其中的back-scratching就是指挠背，那相互挠背就是指互开方便之门）, note the authors. They might also have mentioned that favours produce indirect benefits to the giver too, in the form of a more civil society; and while some people will routinely free-ride on（免费搭车，就是坐享其成） the generosity of their fellows, others will find that an unsolicited（不是请求的，即主动地） favour can ignite resentment rather than gratitude.

没有免费的午餐

“帮我个忙”

By Ignacio Urrutia and Luis Manuel Calleja

有些人或许认为规避资本主义的不足需要更好的团体精神。施恩于人所得的回报（以感激的形式）或许比任何商业中采用的投资回报率更大。IESE Insight认为随着施恩的难度以及对受惠者的影响而异，这样的行为可以引出多种积极的回报。

这个观点并不是新的：在2000年，电影《把爱传出去》（“Pay It Forward” ）就在思考将接受的恩惠传递下去而不是反馈回去的作用。但这样的恩惠制度远不是利他的或总是正面的：不说出口的互开方便之门是常见的，作者指出。他们可能也提到过恩惠也以一个更加文明的社会的形式给施恩者以间接的利益；并且当一些人例行公事地坐享其成其同伴的慷慨之举，别的人会发现主动提供的恩惠可能燃起怨恨而不是感激。

ponder：
transitive verb  
1 : to weigh in the mind  : APPRAISE  *pondered their chances of success*
2 : to think about  : reflect on  *pondered the events of the day*
intransitive verb   : to think or consider especially quietly, soberly, and deeply

Passed over
“Why you didn't get that promotion”
By John Beeson

Understanding the gap between how you see yourself and how others see you can be a painful process, often triggered when one is passed over for promotion. This Harvard Business Review article by an expert in succession planning deals sensitively and subtly with both sides of the promotion story.
In one case study, “Ralph” boasts outstanding feedback, exceeds all his targets and has a perfect implementation record, yet loses out to an ambitious rival with “sharp elbows”. But as the story unfolds, it transpires（transpire做为不及物动词有一个很重要的词条就是To become known; come to light.） that his skills as a middle manager are less relevant at board level and his general popularity disguised his less demanding attitude towards team members. Worse for him, the bosses would dissemble when he asked why he failed to make the grade. The author suggests ways in which one can elicit fair and constructive feedback, and outlines key factors that companies typically apply in such selection decisions.

被忽视

“为什么你没有获得晋升”

By John Beeson

明白你如何看待自己和别人如何看待你之间的差距是一个痛苦的过程，这种痛苦往往于自己在职位升迁中被忽视时激起。一个继承计划方面的专家写的这一篇哈佛商业评论文章敏感而微妙论述了擢升的两个方面。

在一项案例研究中，“拉尔夫”拥有突出的反馈信息，超额完成所有目标，拥有完美的执行记录，却急转直下败给一个雄心勃勃的竞争对手。但是，随着故事的展开一些问题显露出来：他作为一个中层经理的技能在董事会层面上并不重要；并且他受大家欢迎掩盖了他对组员较不严格要求的态度。对他而言更糟的是，当他问到为什么他没有能得到晋升时，老板们总遮遮掩掩。作者给出了可以探出公正而建设性的反馈意见的建议并概括出公司在这样的选择决策中典型地采用的重要因素。

boast：作为及物动词时有如下词条

• To speak of with excessive pride.
• To possess or own (a desirable feature): “[the] capital of a region in the southeast that boasts bountiful coal fields” (US Air).
• To contain; have.

Seven wonders
“Seven ways to re-invent business for the age of capability（素质时代）”
From Knowledge@SMU

A few broad assessments of today's crisis-ridden business world, and what to do about it, seldom go amiss if presented sparingly. In a recent speech Jagdish Sheth, a professor at Emory's Goizueta Business School, urges his audience of future business leaders to: “challenge the industry dogma” as microfinance groups have done; “make ordinary people extraordinary”, especially those at the bottom of the organisation; “learn to be world-class customers” as more may be squeezed from your suppliers than from your customers; “innovate for affordability” as done by Timex and Tata; “nurture nature” (he's a bit vague on this); “find a higher purpose” as staff are seldom galvanised by someone's else's profits; and finally “practice a culture of responsibility（践行责任文化，这里践行这个词我们可能会经常用到）”, by which he means play coach and mentor rather than boss to subordinates—he points to top-flight sports coaches as good examples（point to sb as goog examples）.

七大奇迹

“素质时代业务重塑的七种方法”

From Knowledge@SMU

对今天在危机摧残下的工商业的一些宽泛的评估以及如何应对，如果保守的表达，很少会出错。在最近一次演讲中，艾莫里的戈伊苏埃塔商学院（Emory's Goizueta Business School）教授杰格迪·什谢斯（Jagdish Sheth），鼓励他的听众、未来的商界领袖们：像小额金融集团已经做的那样“挑战行业教条”；“让平凡的人不平凡”，特别是那些组织基层的人；“学习成为世界级的客户”，更多的从你的供应商而不是从你的客户赚钱；像蒂梅克斯和塔塔那样为“价格负担能力创新”；“培养性格”（他在这点上有点儿含糊）；“寻找更高的目标”，因为员工很少为别人的利润而获得激励；最后“践行责任文化”，就是说作为教练和导师，而不是下属的老板，他指出一流的体育教练就是很好的例子。

sparing：

• Given to or marked by prudence and restraint in the use of material resources.
• Deficient or limited in quantity, fullness, or extent.
• Forbearing; lenient.

Local heroes
“Chefs and suppliers: An exploratory look at supply-chain issues in an upscale restaurant alliance”
By James Murphy and Stephen Smith

Many posh（Smart and fashionable. ） restaurants have embraced the “local food” movement, trumpeting（这个词用的好啊，很形象的大肆宣传啊） the nearby origins of their ingredients. Such stories can persuade customers that their food was not processed by an impersonal, and possibly poorly supervised, factory; they can also help reinforce an identity of place. What makes this paper, in the International Journal of Hospitality Management interesting is its examination of the movement through a supply-chain lens.
The authors surveyed chefs in a group of Canadian restaurants on how they defined “local” food (said one: “I know it when I see it”) and how they evaluated, and promoted relationships with, local suppliers. The final step was making sure diners knew that local food was being used, for example by specifying the place of origin in the dish’s name. The authors do not try to draw larger management lessons from the chefs’ local-food experiences, but those not in the restaurant business may still see similarities to their experiences with managing supply chains.

地方英雄

“厨师长和供应商：探索性地观察一个高档餐馆联盟的供应链问题”

By James Murphy and Stephen Smith

许多豪华饭店已经接受了“地方食品”运动，大肆宣传原料产自当地。这样的故事使客户相信他们的食品不是在非人力因而可能不善监管的工厂中处理的；这也有利于加强地方的名气。发表在国际酒店管理杂志（the International Journal of Hospitality Management ）的这篇文章之所以有趣，就在于其通过一个供应链的视角仔细审视了这个运动。

作者对在一组加拿大餐馆的厨师进行了调查，了解他们如何界定“本地”食品（一个说： “我一看到它就知道”）以及他们是如何评估和促进与本地供应商的关系。最后一步是确保食客相信用的是当地的食物，例如通过在菜名中说明其原产地。作者没有试图从厨师的当地食物经验中提炼更多的管理经验，但那些非餐饮业的企业仍能看到和他们自己的供应链管理经验有类似之处。

upscale: relating to, being, or appealing to affluent consumers;  also   : of a superior quality
trumpet：
intransitive verb  
1 : to blow a trumpet
2 : to make a sound suggestive of that of a trumpet
transitive verb   : to sound or proclaim on or as if on a trumpet  *trumpet the news*


Peas in a pod
“How Inappropriate Attachments Can Drive Good Leaders to Make Bad Decisions”
By Sydney Finkelstein, Jo Whitehead and Andrew Campbell

Articles pointing out the flaws of business leaders are not exactly rare lately. Many of them rely on storytelling, and this article in Organisational Dynamics, adapted from a book on bad decision-making, presents case studies of “attachments” gone wrong.
It begins with the saga of Paul Wolfowitz, bullying underlings at the World Bank to make sure his girlfriend would be promoted, and then moves on to how one of the (male) authors, a director of the Ashridge Strategic Management Centre, burst into tears when the logo he designed was rejected. Attachments, argue the authors, can be to objects as well as people or symbols, and can be felt as hate rather than love. Thus, the takeover fight between Oracle and PeopleSoft can apparently be described as an “attachment” between the two leaders, who loathed each other.

豆荚里的豌豆

“不当的依恋如何驱使好领导做出差得决策”

By Sydney Finkelstein, Jo Whitehead and Andrew Campbell

指出商业领袖的失误的文章最近真的并不少见，许多靠讲故事。组织动力学（Organisational Dynamics）上的这篇文章，改编自一本关于劣质决策的书，呈现了错位的依恋的一些案例研究。

文章以保罗·沃尔福威茨的故事开始，他曾恐吓在世界银行的下属来确保他的女友能获得晋升，然后继续说道本文作者之一（男性），亚西里吉策略管理中心（the Ashridge Strategic Management Centre）主任，当他设计的图案标志遭到拒绝后突然哭起来。依恋，作者称，可能是物体、人或符号，可能被感受成恨而非爱。因此，甲骨文公司（Oracle）对仁科软件（PeopleSoft）收购的争吵显然可以被描述为一种两个互相憎恶对方的领导之间的“依恋”。

In good health
“Why Does the Quality of Health Care Continue to Lag? Insights from Management Research”
By Ingrid Nembhard, Jeffrey Alexander, Timothy Hoff and Rangaraj Ramanujam

This article, in the Academy of Management Perspectives, focuses primarily on why health-care organisations have so much trouble implementing innovations that could lead to higher quality of care. Some of the observations are long-standing criticisms: doctors tend not to take nurses’ or therapists’ observations seriously, cutting off an avenue for communication about the patient. Others may result from America's culture of litigation: doctors are reluctant to add the potential risks of changing an established practice. The authors advocate providing low-risk opportunities—training sessions, “dry runs” to become familiar with new practices, collecting and reviewing performance data, and making sure that rewards are aimed at groups, rather than individuals, to encourage co-operation.

好身体

“为什么卫生保健的质量继续滞后？从管理研究中获得的启发”

By Ingrid Nembhard, Jeffrey Alexander, Timothy Hoff and Rangaraj Ramanujam

这篇发表在美国管理学会展望（the Academy of Management Perspectives）的文章，关注的是为什么卫生保健组织这么难以贯彻更高质量的保健水平的改革。一些看法是长期存在的批评：医生往往不认真对待护士或者治疗师的意见，这切断了病人信息的渠道。另外也可能因为美国的诉讼文化：医生不愿意增加潜在的风险而变更成规。作者主张提供低风险机会的短期培训，演练以熟悉新的做法，收集和检查工作情况的数据，并且确保报酬是面向工作小组而不是个人的，以鼓励合作。

Toxic assets
“Building Sustainable Organisations: The Human Factor”
By Jeffrey Pfeffer

For years Jeffrey Pfeffer, a professor at Stanford Graduate School of Business, has been writing critically about leadership, organisational behaviour and business schools. In this research paper, he turns his guns on “sustainability”.
Companies that concentrate on and are praised for improving their environmental practices may simultaneously be acting in “socially toxic” ways, Mr Pfeffer claims. Wal-Mart, which has cut down on packaging while refusing to pay for employees’ health care, attracts particular criticism. Work conditions, Mr Pfeffer argues, have direct effects on employees’ health, and harsher conditions don’t necessarily lead to better performance; yet there are few checks, at least in America, on adverse treatment of employees.
His contention that companies are more likely to suffer for environmental mishaps than poor employee treatment could be disputed: Wal-Mart has been widely criticised for underpaying its staff. But as Mr Pfeffer puts it, “I know of no corporate leader who has gotten in trouble or lost his or her job for denying employees vacations or sick days or for overworking the staff.”

有毒的资产

“构建可持续发展的组织:人的因素”

By Jeffrey Pfeffer

多年来，杰弗里·菲费尔，斯坦福大学商学院教授，一直在批判性地研究领导、组织行为学和商业学校。这一研究论文里，他将枪口瞄准了“可持续性”。

企业专注于改善他们的行为以对环境友好而受到称赞的同时可能从社会角度而言是有害的，菲费尔先生断言。沃尔玛，减少包装却拒绝赔付员工的卫生保健费用，尤其受到批评。工作条件，菲费尔先生认为，对员工的健康有直接影响，而且更严酷的条件不一定带来更好的工作绩效；但对雇员的不利待遇却少被制止，至少在美国如此。

他的论点认为，环境事故比糟糕的员工待遇更容易让企业遇到麻烦是有争议的：沃尔玛给雇员报酬过低受到广泛的批评。但是正如菲费尔先生所说：“我没有听说有企业领导因为拒绝给员工假期或病假或者过度工作而惹上麻烦或者失去工作的。”

注：剩下的四段明天继续

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【听力----SSS July 15, 2009】
The Myth of Multitasking
---A study in the journal Neuron shows that when we think we're getting better at multitasking, we're really getting faster at switching back and forth between two different things at different times.

Modern humans are masters of multitasking. We eat while driving, watch TV while studying, and of course talk on our cell phones while doing, well, everything. How do we do it? A study in the July 16th issue of Neuron suggests that though we can train our brains to work faster as we juggle, we never actually manage to do more than one thing at a time.

Our brains aren’t really built to handle the sort of parallel processing we think we’re capable of. The good news is: studies have shown that extensive training can make us better at doing two things at once. But how?

One theory is that with lots of practice some routines become “automatic.”（这句话表达的是，通过大量的训练，经常做的将会变成自动做的，这里通过用了with而不是by什么的，with lots of practice） And if we don’t need to run every little thing past the part of the brain that’s spends time thinking about stuff, we can multitask just fine.

But this new study finds that that’s not the way it works（“那种方法并不OK”的地道表达，that is not the way it works）. Turns out that multitaskers still consult the prefrontal cortex, but training gets the “Thinking Brain” to think a little faster. So we’re switching tasks quickly enough to appear to be doing them simultaneously, which is still nothing to shake a stick and sneeze at.（这是说我们快速的在任务之间切换以至于看起来像是同时在做这些事情，而这些东西是没用的意思）

学习：

• juggle：To keep (more than two activities, for example) in motion or progress at one time: managed to juggle a full-time job and homemaking.
• prefrontal cortex:Part of the brain located in the front of the cerebral cortex and concerned with thought, intelligence, motivation, and personality.
• sneeze at Informal. To treat as unimportant: These deficits are nothing to sneeze at.
• more than one can shake a stick at    太多东西

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【听力---SSS July 16, 2009 】
Wastewater Analysis For Drug Abuse Evidence
---A study in the journal Addiction shows that a viable system for measuring the consumption of illegal drugs in various communities is to analyze samples of untreated wastewater--which contains the leftovers.

If authorities wanted to determine how pervasive（多广泛，我们除了universe之外，这个比较合适） the problem of illicit drug use was in their communities, how could they do it? One cheap and easy way has just been tried experimentally in Oregon. Based on the principle that what goes in must come out, researchers measured the amounts and kinds of drugs that made their way through users to become included in untreated wastewater（这句话就是drugs make their way through users to become included in untreated wasterwater，就是说通过什么打通道路来到了哪里）. This first-of-its-kind research is reported in the journal Addiction.
Ninety-six municipal water treatment facilities across Oregon volunteered（这个词用得很传神） for the study, which concentrated on finding evidence of the drugs meth（甲安菲他名，一种兴奋剂）, cocaine（可卡因） and ecstasy（摇头丸）. All samples were collected on the same day, in areas that include about two-thirds of that state’s population.
Some findings: evidence for cocaine use was primarily in urban areas, almost nonexistent in rural regions; ecstasy use tended toward urban areas as well, and only turned up in about half of all communities; meth was everywhere. More important than those one-day snapshot findings, however, is that this methodology was proven viable, and could be used to track patterns of drug use in multiple regions over time.（这里又出现那种形容词开头的倒装，这里更加妙，用一个带than的比较结构，还用however来中间插入）

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【小组第二次写作】
Should the government focus more on preserving nature environment and less on economic development?
提纲：政府应该平衡两者。

• 1，经济发展对人类的生存很重要，他不仅关系到人类的温饱等物质问题，还关系到人类的道德等精神层面的问题。经济的不发展将会带来很多社会问题。
  
• 2，环境保护对人类的生存也至关重要，如果说经济发展解决了人类生存的内在问题，那么环境问题关系到的是人类生存的外部问题。而如今环境问题已经十分严重，到了一个关键时刻。
  
• 3，我们对经济发展的关注是一直的，也是足够的，但是对于环境保护还没有足够的投入。所以我们一定要在认识上达到一定的高度在行动上要敢于在不倒退的情况下牺牲一些经济利益来实现环境保护。
  

With the development of our economy, the nature environment is continuously deteriorating. Recently, the financial risk has provoked a hot discussion of the relationship between the environment preservation and the economic development. From the point of my view, the government should learn to balance the two instead of biasing either.

As we all know, the development of economy involves the survival of the humankind. It not only matters the problem of food and clothing but also influences social, political, and moral problems. If people are aware of the advancement of their living standard, their values, such as fairness, generosity and tolerance, will be consequently elevated. Otherwise, if people find that their life improvement will be impossible in the next decades, the whole society will degenerate and people will become more paranoid and hidebound. Such examples are plenty in the history of the development of humankind. More important, the stage we human beings are staying on is not as high as that everyone has no worry about his or her next meal. Especially in Africa, many people are hoping for what Chinese people hoped for half a century ago, although there still exist many areas in which people are worrying about their livelihood. If we want to solve such problems, the only way is to develop our economy. So the government should insist on the economical development.

If we accept the development of economy as the internal aspect of the survival of our humankind, the nature environment will be the external aspect of it, and the two aspects are equally significant. Now our environment has stepped into an dangerous situation, and scientists has warned that if the global average temperatures continue to rise as a result of the predicted increase in emissions of man-made greenhouse gases, the Earth could be tipped into a potentially dangerous state that could last for many centuries or could be irreversible. The climate change may bring about the melting of polar ice sheet and the collapse of the Indian and West African monsoons which will lead to a dramatic rise in sea levels that flood coastal regions and widespread crop failures and famine, hence counteracting the achievement brought by the development of economy. So we should protect our nature environment, which can also defend our attainment of the economical development.


It is not difficult to find that our governments are always working on the development of economy and even for the goal they would rather sacrifice the environment protection. As to the protection of nature environment, our government has not given adequate support, especially in material aspect. So the government should not only increase the awareness of the environment protection but also have the determination to sacrifice certain economical benefits to achieve environmental improvement. In conclusion, the government should learn to balance the two aspects and create a win-win situation.

爱吃软糖的beckyUID: 2463579

我对LZ thatll童鞋的敬仰如高山流水连绵不绝......

太强了~... 真是备考有激情哇  要学习！

thatllUID: 2538832

111# 爱吃软糖的becky
起这么早啊，呵呵，向你学习啊

thatllUID: 2538832

100# gdreamer9
恩，是这样的，呵呵

thatllUID: 2538832

【听力---SSS July 17, 2009 】
Jockey Positions Speed Up Horses
---A study in the journal Science claims that the movements of jockeys out of phase with their horses（骑师运动和其马匹运动的相位不一致） eases the horse's workload and accounts for up to（是一个修饰成分，高达多少的意思） seven percent of the decrease in race times over the last century.

Horse racing is a sport that’s 200 years old.

[Horse race announcer sounds]

And a day at the track（就是指在赛场上） is much more exciting now than it was back then（这个连读起来不好听出来，then的th根本听不见）.

[Horse race announcer sounds]

That’s because horses are faster than they used to be. Or are they? A study in the July 17th issue of Science shows that it’s the way that jockeys ride that’s made racing more heart-pounding（心跳加快，就是紧张的意思） than before.

Images from the late 1800s show that the boys in silks looked pretty relaxed as they went along for the ride. But modern jockeys—crouching, tightly coiled atop their galloping steeds—actively work to make sure their weight doesn’t slow things down. Using GPS to track the riders’ motions, scientists found that jockeys move out of phase with their mounts（坐骑）. That means that the horse doesn’t have to physically move the jockey through each cyclical stride. As a result, races are five to seven percent faster than they were 100 years ago.

[Horse race announcer sounds]


回顾学习一下一个重要的词汇：
ease：
v.tr.

• To free from pain, worry, or agitation: eased his conscience by returning the stolen money.
• • To lessen the discomfort or pain of: shifted position to ease her back.
  • To alleviate; assuage: prescribed a drug to ease the pain.
• To give respite from: eased the staff's burden by hiring more people.
• To slacken the strain, pressure, or tension of; loosen: ease off a cable.
• To reduce the difficulty or trouble of: eased the entrance requirements.
• To move or maneuver slowly and carefully: eased the car into a narrow space; eased the director out of office.

v.intr.

• To lessen, as in discomfort, pressure, or stress: pain that never eased.
• To move or proceed with little effort: eased through life doing as little as possible.

idiom:
at ease

• In a relaxed position, especially standing silently at rest with the right foot stationary: put the soldiers at ease while waiting for inspection.
• Used as a command for troops to assume a relaxed position.

那总的来讲这个ease就是能够完全表达让舒服一点，包括心理上的和生理上的，压力啊，疼痛啊，紧张啊，担心啊，焦虑啊，困难啊等等。

saavedroUID: 2423190

报道贴。  来此贴沐浴

saavedroUID: 2423190

我有些资料，要发给你也发到这里吧。  这个备考贴坚持下去将会是T版一个很好的模范榜样啊。

thatllUID: 2538832

116# saavedro 诸葛兄有什么好的资料要给小弟哈，期待中，呵呵
恩，尽管发在这里，好让我们大家学习

thatllUID: 2538832

A_.S.H
用小词表达你的思想
第一词：TRY
我们先看几个来自生活中的句子，都是常见句子（注：所谓Chinglish只是相对，并非绝对）：" D$ s3 E$ x4 J7 F, F0 f3 u$ |
1、这蛋糕真好吃，你尝点。
Chinglish：This cake is so delicious, please eat a little.
Revision: The cake is so delicious. Please try some.
2、这样不行，你再看看。太傻超级论坛9 x: r. i& F) J; x6 [4 {2 w
Chinglish: It won't do. Please see it again.
Revision: It won't do. Please try again.
3、我做过一两次，都失败了。  N% I2 |* l8 z2 M) d
Chinglish: I did one or two times, but I failed.5 m4 D  `* U6 N2 w. d0 |
Revision: I tried a couple of times, but I failed.
4、请您放心，我一定有多少力，出多少力。太傻超级论坛  T* @- p; V6 f: `
Chinglish: Please put down your heart. I'll give all my strength out.Revsion: Don't worry, I'll try my best.
5、这件裙子真漂亮，你穿上看看？
This skirt looks so beautiful. Would you please try it?
————————————3 U  I% p( P# S% ?6 r5 P
凡是带有“尝试”、做事没底但是还是做了等，可以选用try一词，简单又实用。当然，try还有审判的意思。
So, Please try this word more often.太傻超级论坛在google.com中对try的原形进行搜索，“约有158,000,000项符合try的查询结果”，也就是近1.6亿个结果。可见try是多么受欢迎。那么我们用过多少次？
第二词 Enjoy
这一动词我印象比较深刻，它的用法比较简单，凡是带有“享受到”的意思就可以用。反义词是suffer (from)。0 a0 r: a7 k( x0 u
经典用法是享有……声誉。在公司、单位英文介绍里可以说简直是不可或缺的一个词。- ]' B! R, {1 ?5 k/ O8 z( b
如：
In Africa, Botswana is one of the few countries which enjoys a good reputation for corruption control and the DCEC has attracted favourable attention from analysts, donors and Botswana's regional neighbours.
顺便再说一句，好的用enjoy，不好的可用suffer。一想到灾难、甚至阿富汗、伊拉克什么的就应该想到suffer这个词。这个词就不单独列出来了。: n7 G# f' d. ~$ o- C- f
再如：UN conference to study why women in war-torn States sufferjustice deficit.
第三词 Available
这个词有点怪，是形容词，但是一般放到所修饰的词后面。凡句子中含有是“有……可以用到”的时候都可以考虑这个词。这个词关系到我们思维方式，而不是这个词用法有多复杂。反义词是unavailable.
先看几个句子：2 B2 I2 ]  }  ?3 @; ?, o: D$ Y
1、对不起，没座了。Chinglish: Sorry, we have no seats now.
Revision: Sorry, no seats available.留学签证申请美国英国加拿大欧洲8 Y& J- O& ~4 N' N1 ?" U5 m
2、网站暂时无法访问。8 A, Y4 R' |5 t
Chinglish: This website can't be visited temporarily.7 v0 Y% a, Y' {( h4 J3 d" \
Revision: Website Temporarily Unavailable.. O+ f  P3 Y" Z# \" y' J% v5 N. Y$ B
有时候尽管不是非用available/unavailable不可，但是多用一些，看起来正宗。在google.com中搜索结果：是约有441,000,000项符合available的查询结果，即4亿多条，但是我们用过几次。他们爱用的我们老不用，难怪大打折扣。要学习例句，google.com里多得是。几亿条了可不是。
第四词 Surprise
有人可能会说，这个词有什么了不起？选中这个词，完全就看重这个词包含的一种文化。西方人注重生活情调，特别看重带给朋友或家人的“惊喜”。
先看几个句子：留学签证申请美国英国加拿大欧洲* X6 K# y3 J' M; X
1、我男朋友来看我了。真是个惊喜！9 S1 c; x. X, n2 |; C
My boyfriend has come to see me. It's really a big surprise!! b& E, C" T# B( B, O0 k
2、对于这名老教师来说，真是惊喜连连啊。
To this veteran teacher, it's one surprise after another.太傻超级论坛这个词不难用。作为国人，要提高自己的生活趣味，就多点surprise吧！
在google.com中，约有25,100,000项符合surprise的查询结果。
第五词 Skills
作“技能、水平”讲。以前一想到“水平”一词，就会想到level一词，但是老外可不是这么想的。skills一词更近。先看几个句子：
1、怎样才能提高我们的英语水平？) G0 Q0 A/ \) b9 x+ `" b
Chinglish：How to improve our English level? （他们一般不这么说，但是应该可以看懂）2 O) ]8 F6 x  l; @, b
Revision ：How to improve our English skills?1 o2 l. R, s' d  Y; G1 k7 D3 @0 L
2、他写作、翻译水平很高。
Chinglish：His writing and translating level are very high.
Revision：He has very good writing and translation skills.& ~' R' W7 r: i! D, L1 @& C: w
现在追求技术的时代，skills也走俏。什么English skills, computer skills, study skills, survival skills, writing skills...都泛滥了，我们也＂决口＂一次如何？
第六词 Offer2 U0 m* D; M" O% P( x( o
这个词比较微妙。英译中时不太好处理，正因如此，这个词才值得我们重视。
先看几个句子：太傻超级论坛J%T F r v"q1、谢谢你的好意，不过我可以走回去。9 H2 }6 m1 s4 H* J. i5 F2 P% l5 W
Chinglish：Thank you for your goodwill, but I can go home on foot.Revision: Thanks for your offer, but I can walk home.8 t7 \$ `/ {( T3 f2 W+ F3 z0 W# B
2、全国人民纷纷向灾区伸出了援助之手。
version 1:People from all over the country all giving their hands to the disaster area.
Alt Version: People from all over the country are offering helping hands to the disaster area.3、他给了一件工作给我。+ ]8 a+ O& [# ]1 Q4 ?, N
version 1: He gave me a job to do.
Better version: He offered me a job.
Offer可以做动词用，也可以做名词用。还有一些固定搭配，其中Job offer非常红。
凡是带有“给予”、“善意提供的（帮忙）”等意思，就可以考虑offer这个词。我们可以把give一些空间让点给offer。
这个机会可是我最后给你的。答应不答应随你的便。This is my last offer to you. Take it or leave it.
第七词 Difference+ i' t# a  B# Q' z4 ~4 _- {; L
意思是差别。对于difference只需要掌握一到两个短语，我们口语水平就会前进一大步，让你的同学对你刮目相看，那就是make a difference（有很大不同）或make no differences（没什么不同）。- Z9 t3 O5 g, C) P  q" c8 O1 _
1、你说的什么移动、联通， 我看还不一路货色。! Z$ P3 F# s3 ]. I! y
You're talking about Telecom and Unicom. The way I see it, they make no differences at all.: J, p/ L4 B1 Q7 e/ u' w7 J3 Y
2、这种化妆品你用用看，效果绝对不一样。% x- B. A9 F: c. _, O3 N& i  A
Chinglish: Please use this kind of cosmetics, the effect is absolutely different.& S5 w! K+ ~$ X: t: L! T  P
Revision: Please try this sort of cosmetics, i bet it'll make a big difference./ ~* o+ h- F! m3 Y* x
（不好意思，我就是喜欢try这个词）+ j$ l) q  _& D+ |! j
3、上帝啊，再给我一次机会，我不会再这样了。% P+ t7 Q& O) D# A- w& ^
Chinglish：God, please give me a chance again, I won't do this again.太傻超级论坛
Revision: God, please grant me another chance, and I'll make a difference./ j$ U  P5 e6 L$ G' q  }& E+ z) Y- J
凡是一样不一样，都可以考虑这两个短语，你用好了，绝对可以make a difference。4 m9 h; m6 Z( T8 A2 ^
另外说一下，受教科书的影响，说“不同”的时候中国学生习惯be different from这一句型。但是很多时候differ from这个动词形式更简单，try it, and you'll make a difference，让你的老师、同学对你刮目相看。) S% c. V4 u* ]& }7 z" {/ H* a) I
西方人崇尚个人奋斗，追求与他人不一样。这个词，对于他们来说，太神圣了。在google.com中，make a difference这一短语搜索结果近600万，所以以后有条件，我们就要make a difference，没有条件时，创建条件也要make a difference。) I3 m, D$ n0 y: `0 I3 S7 s
第八词 point
pointless（没意义）一词也算它一伙的。提到这个词，完全是meaning 一词在作怪。
先看几个例子：留学签证申请美国英国加拿大欧洲3 f; z; m: O0 z! Q+ ~" L1 [2 y7 w
1、你这样做是什么意思？太傻超级论坛
Chinglish: What is your meaning in doing this?  G5 M/ E4 V% g5 h! I
Revision: What's your point?
2、如果你抽烟的话，就别怕得癌症。再问“上帝怎么这样对我啊”没什么意义。$ B4 r  j% k, t5 \% l' N# M9 H
Chinglish: If you smoke, you should not be afraid to get lung cancer. It's meaningless to ask "why did God do this to me?". （注：meaningless可用，但是老外不爱用，爱用的是我们）6 N6 Y: y% S& y1 M% d; ]
Revision: If you smoke, you should be prepared to get lung cancer; it's pointless to+ T) \. S6 x$ R1 n4 c3 [/ b
ask "why did God do this to me?".留学签证申请美国英国加拿大要洗脑子，转变中式思维习惯，就别怕“矫枉过正”。以后凡是遇到“有意义”、“没意义”的时候，先考虑point/poinless，而不要先考虑meaning什么的。
第九词 Access
意思很多，英汉不好一一对应，先看一些例句。* U; O6 b9 ~& M% L, g! }4 k
1、我这里上不了网。
Chinglish: I can't go on internet here. （老外还以为是你有事、或这里不适合而不能上网）0 ]8 @. m1 x7 k, I# k% F' V2 s, e
Revision: I can't access the web/the internet here. （说明想上但是上不了）
2、天！今天我邮箱打不开了！
Chinglish: My god! I can't open my mail box today! （我看也可以这么说，但是这样说不如下面的好）0 ~( \$ c* t" I( \5 ?+ s0 j5 X
Revision: My god! I can't access my mail box today!# v2 X) \# j2 Q$ W( g2 g
这个词网络味比较浓，既然我们天天上网来混，应该多了解一下。
第十词 Sense 8 ?, ^2 q: S+ c9 L+ X  C
这个词主要由于几个相关短语而流行的。
这几个短语分别是： a sense of (responsibility, humor...)---有幽默感等, make sense/not make any sense，有意义，没意义（所以我说别老用meaningless，不是人家听不懂，那很中式的）。# b9 m& T, p$ U
几个例句：# i. v7 ~7 o0 x# W
1、我很喜欢他。他很有幽默感。
Chinglish: I very like him. He is very humorous.. b5 Q4 W1 G* r" Y/ |% ?
Revision: I like him very much. He has a good sense of humor." ?3 [0 ~! Y% l. Z# V
2、我知道，不过有的地方没什么意义。
Chinglish: I know, but it's meaningless in some places.
Revision: I know, but again at some point it doesn't make any sense.6 Y# t* {) D2 u" l7 ~" q% I6 m7 d" y
3、什么？至少六周？这样做有什么意义呢？# S# Z/ c* d% [( W5 n; x
What? at least 6 weeks? Does it make any sense?（或what's your point?）
第十一词： Afford8 a4 @7 Q! ^2 G9 S: m4 C( u' i
意思是买的起，付得起、花得起时间、金钱、精力等。
但是Afford只能表示能力，不表示意愿。例如我们可以说I'm willing to pay, but I really can't afford it，而不能说I'm willing to afford it。% @# \7 f' _1 l% V. ]
用好这个词，我们的水平就会提高一个档次，让你的同学打心底里佩服。
我们来看一些例子：+ e/ E  f0 l: q7 t& @2 V
1、这顶帽子贵得也太离谱了，我买不起。+ _5 Z- x) A  T' `/ P5 L
Chinglish: This hat is extremely expensive, I can't buy it.0 m) v" p7 e3 @/ A
Revision: This hat is so expensive that I can't afford it.
2、这个村子里好多儿童都上不起学。
Chinglish: Lots of kids can't go to school because they're poor. （意思表达出来了但是不精练）3 u" c: {. x7 |- ]
Revision: Plenty of kids in this village can't afford to go to school (can't afford education).
3、抱歉，我跟你玩不起。8 s0 Z; [9 X$ L3 x6 x' s
Chinglish: Sorry, I can't play with you.
Revision: I can't afford to play 'games' with you, sorry.
这100词到底要写多长时间，我也不知道。现在工作太忙了，老板要知道我偷偷干别的，还不炒了我，所以我还得慢慢写，I can't afford to lose my job, because I'm the bread-winner and I have a big family to support.3 e' y5 g6 K/ K1 i  R( P
第十二词 Deserve: Z. @2 j3 o1 m; L) P
这个词字面意思是“值得”、“该受到”，可褒可贬。用到的场合其实挺多的。几个例句就可以解决问题。1、你是老鼠戏猫，真是自作自受！Chinglish: You're like a rat teasing a cat... （下面不会了）4 u0 n$ x1 T- d! d, ]
Revision: I think you're playing with fire. You deserve it!
2、那个好心女孩终于嫁给了她的心上人。她是有好报。
Chinglish: That good-hearted girl was married to the man in her heart at last. She was good so she had a good end.
Revision: That good-hearted girl married her 'prince' finally. She deserved it., b* O6 _6 g7 |
3、你竟敢这样对我？找打啊？
Chinglish: How dare you do this to me? Do you want me to beat you?
Revision: How dare you do this to me? You deserve a kick in the ass!4、你很有能力，你应该找到更好的工作才是！4 @  E9 j6 l! H) h$ I! n3 P/ G
You're very able. You deserve a good job.
这个词比较微妙，个人喜欢这个词，不多说了。If you think that I deserve some applauses or flowers, why not let me know about it." A/ t4 t* P7 b/ [  _' z0 s
第十三词 Frustrated, b% Z$ G* V1 e( \0 e
表示心情沮丧、灰心丧气时，老外偏爱frustrated这一词。我们喜欢是sad, lose one's heart等表达法。没说过frustrated一词三次以上的，那么英语还不算入门，用法特别简单，当你觉得灰心丧气时，forget about "sad", use this word instead.例句：1、没有一个女孩子给我写过信，我真是沮丧极了。I'm so frustrated that no girls wrote me.
2、公司业绩总是不好，总经理真是心灰意懒。% R& f+ |: k" T% d
Chinglish: The total manager is very sad because the achievement is not good.Revision: The general manager is so frustrated for the poor performance of his company.
——————$ i3 y- I' O0 U' w
If, if lots of people come and shout to me:"Coolmax, your English is so poor and limited!" I'll be extremely frustrated.
再说一遍，以后要常说 frustrated哦！说多了，你就有老外的感觉了。5 m7 C. ^* a" @, a0 Q3 {
第十四词 Indifferent/ T: b$ e! {3 C! J! B
这一词表示冷漠、无动于衷的意思。很容易用，用起来就让人觉得地道。既然这么好用，我们就该多用，用过了也没事。- R( n& S5 A( w
其名词形式是indifference。
例句：' e- h. H; Z# C2 F9 j" `* z  g! n
1、为什么对这次海啸受害者有些人却无动于衷？
Why some people are so indifferent to the victims of this tsunami?2、他对别人对他的侮辱与嘲笑不屑一顾。; R* R* t4 b# c; v
He was indifferent to insults and scorns thrown at him.- ~$ G- K0 i1 `7 m' u
When I was very young, I liked a girl named "Xiaofang" very much, and I tryied all means available to please her, but she was still indifferent to me. At last I became utterly frustrated and lost my patience. 3 q. c( S" y  u- ^! q( h4 h8 V% d
第十五词 Promise
许诺，承诺。西方人很神圣的一个词，我们不可不用，也不可滥用。“君子一言，驷马难追”啊！3 F# C: V# d, u) s  R& @- ^, L
对于Promise一词，我们用真诚的心来使用它。% [- q  R' _: E; ]. x8 q. |+ m3 C
例句：
1、君子一言，驷马难追A promise is a promise. （最简单、最朴实的语言，蕴藏了多少艰辛！）
2、我保证我再也不犯这种错误了。5 b1 G. o- K: l4 L* T2 B8 a
I promise I won't make this kind of mistakes again!, L$ p$ v. L6 M7 C! ]
说话算数哦！再说一遍，不可不用，不可滥用，好神圣的一个词。对于老外，哪怕是你随口答应的，也一定要办到！现在已经有老外控告我们中国人老说谎了！例如一起合影，有学生随口答应给老外洗一张，结果老外等来等去，就是没人给送。其实文化不太一样，我们委婉谢绝或说点便宜话，但是他们看不出来的。3 G) q- P+ ~7 L8 p/ Y: r
第十六词 Hurt8 U! l" l; o* O: Y3 _3 m# ^) y
“受伤”或“疼痛”的意思。可能是生理上受伤，更表示心里上受伤。很红的一个词，失恋的人必备词汇。唉，我们的传统英文教育就是那么回事，学了10年英文，不知道“我手指疼”怎么说的大有人在。2 o7 J# D4 k, O% `3 s! i
先看几个例句：
1、对不起啊，我是无意伤害你的。
Chinglish: Sorry, I didn't want to harm you on purpose.
Revision: Sorry, I didn't mean to hurt you.0 d) g% v: ?6 m, s1 w1 @& u* R* _
2、哦，天哪！你竟然不理我了。我受伤了。
Chinglish: Oh, God, you don't notice me! I am injured.（Injure一词一般不用于心理方面的伤害）。/ M9 b3 e  v8 d6 T8 `. {
Revision: Oh, God, how come you start to ignore me! I'm hurt.! `, Q- ?5 b$ z- {' ^' V
3、别动我，我右手大拇指指疼。
Chinglish: Don't move me! My right thumb aches. (动某人的话也可以用 touch)
Revision: Leave me alone! My right thumb hurts.
At last I want to remind some friends that we should never tell a woman that she is 'fat'. She would be hurt or even offended if you do that.  G5 l$ X/ ]) I7 C1 n
第十七词 Mislead
其形容词是Misleading，被动形式是be mislead。意思是误导。我们国人不太爱说，但是爱好政治与辩论的老外整天把这个词挂在嘴上。所以我们要学。4 z# |+ C! H; g3 D+ }
这个词不难用，关键是思维方式不同。
我们先看几个例句：8 v3 u$ `6 X& _4 G
1、你没有意识到这份报纸在误导民众吗？9 Y; L0 A! R9 c5 j
Haven't you realized this newspaper is misleading its readers?2、我觉得你是被宣传误导了，也许是被洗了脑子了。
I deem that you're mislead by the propaganda and maybe you're brainwashed.' }' b& N6 w0 p: Y( w# o/ Z/ {% C6 H
So, my only wish reagarding this thread is that I'm not misleading.
最后别忘了，这个词也是我们Chinadaily的News Talks 版面最红的字眼之一。不信大家去那里搜索看看。. {: C6 a- d$ K. K+ T0 _! g& k
第十八词 Offend) @9 j* _, A8 \: Z& @0 U; I
这个词表示“冒犯”、“得罪”，老外整天挂在嘴上。我们要跟进。一般用法是offend sb.被动是be/get offended.
要善于识别offend使用范围。汉语语言特别丰富，所以我们要特别注重内在含义。
例句：. S) _. Z4 y# r/ c1 a
1、你对她的穿着评头论足，她可能会不高兴。Chinglish: You're commenting on her dress; she might be unhappy. （还不太中式，但是想不到offend一词就是罪过）
Revision: You're criticising her dress sense. She might be offended." ^8 s% ]3 A/ I' B3 ]: H& }
2、我什么时候得罪她了？她这人真怪！2 l2 b: P/ q, c7 [% D9 t2 o
Chinglish: When did I do bad to her? She is so strange! （不算太中式，但是想不到offend就是罪过）Revision: Have I ever offended her? She's just being so weird!
Sometimes, when we are commenting on others or their work, we should know what we're talking about and we should be as polite as possible, so that they won't get offended.
第十九词 Update& X' L: |9 N' N# s
这个词特别简单，但是我们不容易说好，一般是学一次，知道重要性后，终生难忘。* a2 a- n  S$ ^
表示更新后的信息，也可以做动词，进行更新。现在知识更新特别快，难怪这个词也吃香。
例句：
1、新的在哪？
Chinglish: Where is the new one?（不算太中式，但是中国学生会用update会让人刮目相看）
Revision: Where's the update?
2、这是最后一次的更新。! r* B7 |! \$ \, t' M3 V3 O& N# y  N
Chinglish: This is the newest change.4 q# L* m. r" w/ [5 ~
Revision: This is the latest update. （会用latest的也不简单）You know I'm pretty busy with my work and I have to work overtime everyday, but I'll try my best to keep this thread updated.
第二十词 Challenge
哎哟，这个词好厉害哦，太流行了，不论是英文的challenge还是中文的"挑战"都快用烂了。以前我们流行说“把压力变成动力”，而老外则流行说“face the challenge”（面对挑战），思维方式不同是关键。现在我们要学英文了，我们想学好英文了，所以思维方式要跟着人家走。& f8 q  V9 G! {6 E9 w
例句：
1、这个任务难做啊，但是不做不行呀。Chinglish: This task is very difficult and I have to do it.（意思有了，但是用词功夫还需要多多修炼）
Revision: This task is very challenging.（怎么样？既简练，又把内涵说出来了）
2、甲：这次我们做主。 乙：我反对！
Chinglish: A--Let us decide it this time. B--I oppose that!
Revision: A--We're the boss this time. B--I challenge that! （challenge还有表示正式宣布反对的意思”）
由于这个词泛滥了，我不想多举例子了。但是虽然泛滥，但是暂时还没有取代这个词的其它字眼，所以我们还得用。
第二十一词： Fail. G  V0 C+ |3 j9 W( w: \% v
表示没办到，没做到，失信，或该做什么没做。这个词用好了，也不简单了。不过这个词特别好用。我们只需要加学一个fail to句型。
请看例句：1、他昨天在演讲中没有提到过我们。（背景：该提到但是没提到）Version 1: He didn't mention us in his speech yesterday.
Better version: He failed to mention us in his speech yesterday.2、如果应用程序启动不了，也别慌张。
Chinglish: If the program can't be started, please don't be afraid.7 e+ f4 v/ x, {
Revision: If the application fails to load, just relax.
顺便说一下，这个词开始我也没注意过，后来经常看到老外喜欢这么说，再一注意，果真是这样的。( x8 ?2 M: T* P1 P
                              # c/ u- h% Q0 w/ X1 Y7 J
第二十二词 Appreciate; d" ]1 K9 p% p
感谢以上各位捧场，祝你们好运！
I'm pretty busy, but I promise I'll keep this thread updated!- D) @% P# |+ D1 z( X9 l1 Q; Q8 R( u
I really appreciate your replies and your encouragement!
Any constructive ideas would be highly appreciated!
这个词一般就这样用。表示“感激”。礼貌用语，必不可少。4 g8 X% B0 W3 U/ T* r$ b8 K8 F' T
第二十三词 Contribute* P8 F+ D0 a! m0 u, r
名词形式是contribution. 意思有“捐献”、“投稿”等意思。凡是有贡献，都可以叫contribution。contribute这个动词一般与to 连用。
例句：6 w* A! @# o) W; C7 [, q
1、这事他也出了不少力。7 U0 w% \5 _9 w( U
Chinglish: He also supplied his strength to this.Revision: He also contributed a lot to this.
2、谢谢你啊，你可帮了大忙了。
Version1 : Thank you very much. You really helped a lot.Version 2: I really appreciate your great contribution.（看情况）9 t8 c" C( e7 A* S3 _$ ^- x
3、你只知道批评别人，你自己做了多少事？  }, `& f# Q; n
Chinglish: You only know how to criticise others, but how much thing have you done yourself?Revision: You're a critic! Where's your contribution?这个词用起来自然。好用，实用。
第二十四词 Leave- o( S$ D: I  @. R' `
这个词看起来简单，但是如果看不起它的话就不容易用好。用好了可以帮助我们省大力气，一旦接受就可以为我们所用。
这里不讨论它的“离开”含义。那个确实很简单。要讨论的是“放任”、“不干涉”以及“造成……的后果”等意思。弄清下列例句就可以学好leave这个词。
例句：1、别管我/别打扰我！
Leave me alone! （超级经典）
2、门别关。Chinglish: Don't close the door.5 l5 ]9 }* r: b5 _- E
Revision: Leave the door open.
3、维持原状。
Chinglish: Maintain its original form. (好费劲啊)Revision: Just leave it as it is.) i1 q' K( @0 p% P
4、昨天晚上在郊区发生爆炸案导致1人死亡，11人受伤。The bombing took place in the suburb last night, leaving one dead and eleven injured. （VOA新闻广播超级经典句）
Ok, let's work hard and we should never leave today's work for tommorrow.
第二十五词 Scenario
这个词是“假想”、“设想”的意思。会用这个词不容易。凡是用过该词三次以上的（查词典抄来的不算），我敢断定其英文水平已经达到Great甚至是Excellent了。这是来自本论坛的一句话：
In the unlikely scenario that there is no major conflict, China is obviously willing to give peace a chance so long as Taiwan is not being unleashed by the Americans to pursue de jure independence.
第二十六词 Practice
这个词大家都认识，但是它有个“习惯”、“惯例”的意思，用起来让人觉得挺正宗的。如Social Practice（某个社会中的常见做法）、Common Practice （司空见惯的事）。
例句：" o( e! R) H6 |  f8 _
那个在封建社会可是个常见的现象。
Chinglish: It's was a familiar phenomenon in the feudatorial society./ q! k5 i# j" Y& ~& g
Revision: It was common practice during the period of Feudal rule.
虽然用到的场合不多，但是在很多时候可以替代被我们滥用但是老外又不那么用的“phenomenon ”这个词。( n: P- c/ V3 A+ z$ W$ l
第二十七词 Impress
形容词形式是Impressive。绝对好词。这个词翻译起来难，字典上的意思是“给……留下深刻印象”，但是总觉得不是很服帖。所以这个词比较棘手。正因如此我们要学习。老外好多时候张口就是impressive这个词。3 r6 ^1 Y. A9 ]+ f* m( D
例句1 l1 e& M( |+ f7 ~+ z% t& c% u
1、Coolmax，你这个帖子不怎么样。Chinglish: Coolmax, your this post is just so so.' X  A' B3 J) s6 {
Revision: Coolmax, I'm not at all impressed by this thread of yours.; C! ]8 C9 v- o4 `$ W- _3 y. q  A5 Y
2、在我记忆中，中国给我的感觉太棒了！
Chinglish: In my memory, China gave me a very wonderful feeling.Revision: China was really impressive in my memory." o9 x% x% c7 U0 ~2 _% p
3、成功的推销员知道如何打动他的客户。  F) l  a- r: m# a; G
Chinglish: A successful salesman knows how to move his customers.
Revision: A successful salesman knows how to impress his customers.7 L5 ^9 \) M- h9 g" ~
So, if you want to impress your boss, you have to work very hard, never be late for your work and always try to be creative, and use the word "impressive" to commend your boss each day.( \+ D  H5 [  F2 Y
第二十八词 Follow
这个词已Followed by...（后面跟着）结构最为特别。另外还有“遵循……”的意思。
例句：4 ~5 h. r* C7 G4 p3 l! p  C9 e
1、您说怎么办，我就怎么办。& _" n0 _7 y( Y6 U1 i( }$ M: _
I'll follow your arrangement.# K$ k8 i' d; d) \( h# `1 m
2、校长走进了教室，后面跟了2名警察。
Chinglish: The headmaster entered the classroom, with 2 policemen after them. （可以看懂，但是老外不这么说）0 h1 I6 ]7 p" O2 X7 I( I0 S. F/ i9 i
Revision: The headmaster entered the classroom, followed by 2 policemen.: L9 {; i6 N% }, q! ~$ F
3、我不会照搬你的模式的。% e, i6 S7 e& V9 r. O6 H
I won't follow your way.. p) t+ p* @9 b. @  m
                       . Q. @* Z6 m+ t# Q* R$ d! F* A
第二十九词 Lose
动词是lose，表示失去、丢失的意思。如果是形容人，流行用loser，一些教养不好的人动不动就称别人是loser，与这样的人打交道可得小心了。这些词用法比较广泛，而且比较散。: k! d- A# a; a" T
例句：9 g1 Y" X8 |9 z) P4 U+ o) k$ B  A
1、如果这样的话，大家都会丢脸的。, Q$ y5 N4 \- ^" K" Z# a
If so everyone would lose face.5 z" c. u, s2 I1 M, U
2、我得警告了，我的耐心快没了。
Chinglish: I must warn you, my patience will be less and less.
Revision: I have to warn you I'm losing my patience.& E& K9 v9 }" T- V( J: c  G
3、你输定了。: O- D6 x4 I$ j" h
Chinglish: You must lose.
Revision: You're bond to lose.4、他这个人输不起。
Chinglish: He can't bear to lose too much.5 ~1 {0 d- X/ i3 w9 ?0 K9 @
Revision: He is a bad loser. （或sore loser）
Actually name calling can solve no problems. A real loser is virtually the one who loves to call others "loser".+ h1 v4 }' L$ A1 P# w$ Q3 \. f& e
第三十词 Some
这个词怎么也拿出来了？有什么秘密吗？其实这个词已经被CCTV-4与CCTV-9用烂了！})@
Some特殊意思有两个，一个是某个，表示不确定，指人或物，如some book也未必是错的，可能是“某本书”的意思而未必是一些书的意思。另外一个意思就是“大约”。看了几次cctv英文节目，发现他们有个毛病，在表示“大约”的时候，几乎不用about而只用some.& A+ m* n7 i3 e8 _. J7 n
例句：Some 1,000 Dinosaur Fossils Found in China's 'Dinosaur Cemetery' 。
在中国的“恐龙墓地”发现了大约1000具恐龙化石。
如果我们以前不用，也可换换口味。不过some比about显得正式。+ ^5 ?! ]. A& }$ p: y1 V
第三十一词 Lover
这个词用得太广了。老外动不动张口就是peace-lovers。此外还有book lovers, China lovers, Music lovers……太广了。可是我们国人说得太少了。1 L  z6 x% [/ s1 x0 f, ]% A- L
下面几句可能两种说法都可以，但是老外偏爱第2种。这个不是有多难，我们不会用，而是我们的思维习惯决定了老是想不到。+ h* u% f/ J+ t! @7 F! x
例句：0 X8 B1 w; y. K+ Z( n
1、我这个人挺爱读书的。( l# ?" z2 K# x) N& l: f
Version 1: I love reading books. （没错）6 R! g/ v$ a( c8 `6 P% F
Better Version: I'm a book lover. （更地道）: A$ Y% ]6 J. r' K& w0 d3 ~
2、中国坚定地与全世界爱好和平的人们站在一起。
Chinglish: China is resolutely standing with all people who love peace all over the world.（很罗嗦的不是？）* D* I! j1 C' M  I; ?
Revision: China stands firmly with all peace-lovers world-wide.2 e6 |, l# Y' U4 V! A2 G
Some forumites on Chinadaily community attack China from time to time while asserting they're 'China-lovers'.要让世界充满爱，我们应该多用lover少用hater一词。
第三十二词 Show: j* `* z& r# E) Y8 T" l
这个词我们都很熟悉。但是需要的时候是否用到了？
例句：
1、你的照片给我看看好吗？（超级常用句）
Chinglish: I want to look at your photos, ok?; r. r/ ^. |8 p# a3 a$ m
Revision: Can you show me your photos?
2、这个星期天我想带你到处逛逛。Chinglish: I plan to take you out everywhere and have a look this sunday . e  X) N  H* O3 L3 H/ n7 }+ ~
Revision: I plan to show you around this sunday.
3、什么？想要我去啊？拿钱来！（常见开玩笑的话）
Chinglish: What? You want me to go? Give me your money!
Revision: What? You mean I'll do the job? Ok, show me the money.. z/ s# z- A* r: ~( c# x9 {
Want to improve your English? Show your sincerity please.

注：还有一部分放在楼下

注：哇塞，这个真好，我之前在分析一些文章的时候，也有经常查找一些简单词汇的地道用法，恩，这个好，这个真的好，大家一定要学一学！感谢寄托长老A_.S.H！

thatllUID: 2538832

接楼上
Further Anglification...
A few of your sentences are still in Chinglish. Here is how I would translate them:
Revision: The cake is so delicious. Please try some. Anglification: This cake is delicious. You should try some.
Revsion: Don't worry, I'll try my best.
Actually, this one is already proper American English, but the Chinese sentence is so much more nicely written. Below is an English version which captures that.
Anglification: Don't worry, everything I can do shall be done.
This skirt looks so beautiful. Would you please try it?
Anglification: This skirt looks beautiful. Why don't you try it on?
Revision: Sorry, no seats available.
Anglification: I'm sorry, we have no seats available at the moment/at that time.
Revision: Website Temporarily Unavailable.
This is not proper English, but rather an abbreviation of sorts. In full English:
This website is temporarily unavailable.
Revision ：How to improve our English skills?
Anglification: How do we improve our English skills?
"how to ..."  can only be used in a statement, i.e. "This is how to ...", and "how do ..." is used in questions.
Revision：He has very good writing and translation skills.
This is again correct, but would be more commonly stated as:
He is very good at writing and translating.Revision: Thanks for your offer, but I can walk home.
It's again proper American English, but sounds a bit awkward.
Thank you for the offer, but it's just as easy for me to go home on foot.
Etiquette regarding offers in English-speaking cultures is too large of a subject to explain here.
Revision: Please try this sort of cosmetics, i bet it'll make a big difference.
Anglification: Try these cosmetics. You'll notice a difference.
"I bet it'll make a big difference" is an insult; it's saying "You're ugly."
Revision: What's your point?
English, doesn't represent the original sentence.
Anglification: What's the point in doing this?
Revision: I know, but again at some point it doesn't make any sense.
Anglification: I understand, but there are places where it doesn't really make sense.
Why some people are so indifferent to the victims of this tsunami?Anglification: Why are some people so indifferent to the victims of this tsunami?
The original (incomplete) sentence uses "why" as a noun, where it definitely should be used as an adverb.
Revision: Have I ever offended her? She's just being so weird!
Actually, the way is used in Chinese is quite strange to English speakers hearing Chinglish. People described as strange are said so because of vastly different behaviour and certainly not in the case of disagreement.
Anglification: Have I ever offended her? She's being very peculiar.
Revision: It was common practice during the period of Feudal rule.
Anglification: It was common practice during feudal times.
Feudalism is a system, not a monarch, so your sentence doesn't make sense.
Revision: China was really impressive in my memory.
Anglification: In my memories, China was particularly impressive.
If so everyone would lose face.
"Face" as used in China does not exist in the English-speaking world, or is at least very improminent. The sentence is valid English, but carries vastly different connotations.
There are still misspellings, typos and grammatical errors in some of the other sentences that I didn't correct, for brevity.

thatllUID: 2538832

【好好学习天天向上】

Why Music Moves Us
----New research explains music's power over human emotions and its benefits to our mental and physical well-being
Key Concepts

• Some scientists conclude that music’s influence over us may be a chance event, arising from its ability to hijack brain systems built for other purposes such as language, emotion and movement.
• Music seems to offer a novel method of communication rooted in emotions rather than in meaning. Research shows that what we feel when we hear a piece of music is remarkably similar to what everybody else in the room is experiencing.
• Songs facilitate emotional bonding and even physical interactions such as marching or dancing together and thus may help cement ties that underlie the formation of human societies. In addition, tunes may work to our benefit on an individual level, manipulating mood and even human physiology more effectively than words can.