issue 写文

无双UID: 2663935

130"How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society."
1、学校教育是死板的，缺乏创造性，经常做没意义的事。
2、竞争是激烈的，对人不友善。
3、不独立。
If I was a mother, I would cultivate my children to promote creative and critical thinking, and never assert a dogma casually and blindly.If I was a mother, I would school my children to make themselves happy, make their companions happy and make strangers happy, because happinees is the sole purpose of life If I was a mother, I would demand my children to stand errect and tackle with any problems independently, even though they would encounter sufferrings from surroundings. However, the current education in China, to some extent, is beyond my expectation. Every day, throughout the whole country, violence, depression, suicide, plagiarism and so on are performing on the satge of primary schools, high schools, universities and even various academic insititutions. All of above should be owed to the educational system with flaws, parents who eager success too rushily, the modern society that develops in a faster and faster pace, and the loss of traditions.

Firstly, it is the education in school that lacks spirit of creativity, skepiticism and enduring pursuit of truth, beauty, peace, and talent, misleading children gradually. There is a story about Socrats and his students that forms a special angle to illustrat my first point. Socrats, one day, showed an apple to his class, and asked, ‘What do you guys smell?’ One boy answered immediately that he smelled apple. Socrats smiled, ‘Smell again, and whoever agree with him raise your hand.’ After a while, half of students raised hands. ‘Smell again.’ Then nearly all students raised hands except one boy. He said, ‘I, indeed, have not smelled anything.’ Socrats was rather happy and opened the apple. It was made of other material. It was fake. And the final boy was Plato. But why did so many students answer wrong? Did they stupid or unhealthy physically than Plato? Absolutely no. That was because they all chose to believe the first one who answered the question rather than their own judges. And nowadays, the situation among students in schools is so similar to the story. The apple—knowledge hold by the teacher appears before them while they can not stick to express personal viewpoints. Such character has many defference with the education method—spoon-fed education in China that teachers only concentrate scores for higher scores means more profits, larger presstige and opportunities of promotion in academic circle. Thus tudents have to undertake endless and countless homeworks such as reciting the hundreds of articles of famous writers, remembering the gender, age, occupation, sufferings, family of all Tang and Song poets, and others. Apparently, learning like these must kill the creativity of students.

Moreover, it is the competitive society that pushes chilren to make shields around their bodies and souls against humiliation and invasion from surroundings. In schools, teachers are used to ranking after each exam, and compliment excellent students while criticizing under-level ones. Naturally, it will stir up the self-esteem and warlike nature of the young. Just like in an office, staffs fight for money, power and fame, who always regard a smile as sarcasm, an open conversation as trash talk, a help as purposeful action, always suspect that some one is going to speak ill as long as going to see boss. Can the relationship smong colleagues be nice? Can the life in office be not stressful? Similarly, in schools, students fighting for scors is doomed to lose happiness, joy and innocence.

Finally, it is parents who can not avoid to impose their all desires to obtain fame, prestige, sense of superiority, fanastic to their own unrealized dreams on children, which esult in heavy burden eventually. Depression, suicide are not rare at all. And less students know how to do housework, how to live like a child. My high school is a key school in Zhejiang Province which is worshiped by plenty of parents. Despite heavy homework of teachers, parents interviews are the the most miserable activities. Parents know anythings about their children in the school. During those three years, Nearly three students each year would choose suicide. Parents of most classmates would come each weekend for cleaning their dorms and washing clothes for them and every evening take dinner to school. Now I recall those days and feel quite sad.

To sum up, I insist that children in modern time actually have not accept right and appropriate education from schools, from parents, from the society. They may understand how to gain more knowledge as soon as possible, but they lose the ability to doubt the flaws in knowledge from ancestors. They may realize the cruelty of society and have learnt a lot of social skills for protecting themselves, but they lose the most cherishable momeries and experience in childhood. They may not worry about housework, need not to know how to cook, how to wash clothes, how to repair appliances because parents will give hands all the time, but they can never enjoy the pleasure from such slight things. If I was a mother of such children, I will cry.

无双UID: 2663935

50"In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach."
不支持
Previously, I always think each field of academic should combine theory from books and experience from outside together, through which learners can promote their understanding. But when it comes to the faculty, I hold my opinion that such demand seems not suitable completely. Thus, to some extent, I do not agree with the statement presented above because faculty eventually should responsible for students who transimit more theorical knowledge than pratical reality and not all professsors can find appropriate work outside, which may be a waste of time, effort and enthusiasm.
1、
Admittedly, in the history, it is not rare that professors can achieve success not only at schools, but also in the outside. For example, Alan Dershowitz, the most famous lawyer in America, has ever winned the case of O.J.Simpson, and Mike Tyson. Meanwhile, he also was the third youngest professor in Harhard law school.
The real experience in court undoubtedly has provided him much more opportunities to seek the cream of law, consolidate discourse ability, and learn to tackle any kinds of cases, meet with any sorts of people. Similarly, medical professors can take part time job as doctors, through which they can increase clinical experience for adding knowledge to complex theories. Professors of economics can turn to be managers or commentators, through which they can examine the effectiveness of theories from Adam Smith, Keynes, Feedman. Scientific professors can also play roles of engineers in real estate market or others.



2、
However, professors in some subjects working oitside may bring about some disadvantages to the society.
Take law professors as the example again. In China, at the beginning of this year, there was a case in ZheJiang Province. The lawyer was a professor in a prestigious university and accidentally, the judge was his previous student. And the jury was end up with the success of the professor, which had aroused a heated discussion in public and people doubted the unjust elements within the result. I think that law prefessors should be forbidden as lawyer for they would influence the just of law. After all, their largest duty is to cultivating students to be a real judge or an excellent lawyer like them. But it is unimginable that teachers and students stand together without any interruptions. Furthermore, because law professors need not any job trainings and have the right to participate cases directly, which leading to many contradictions with other lawyers, many simple cases have turned to be complicated. Thus, it is useful to learn from German, where the professors actually can not be allowed to be lawyers and the system of law is relatively operated more smoothly than in China.

3、
Moreover, if too many professors choose to working outside, their theorical ability, enthusiasm to research, and rightous academic spirit would be influenced negatively. As teachers, they should devote their efforts on teaching and researching rather than absorbing too many information from the outside. I am not to deny that accepting real experience is totally wrong, but working outside is not a good choice. For one thing, rare persons could avoid the temptation of money, power and fame, including scholors.Who can guarantee that if once some professors work outside, they won’t change their goals from pursuit of academy to pursuit of wealth? Who can assert that they won’t addict to living a convenient and luxious way rather than having a boring life in school? For another, some fields have no real experience at all like theorical physics which can only obtained and improved by lab experiments. If such faculty go out and seek jobs, it is without doubt a waste of time.

.

To sum up, I insist that faculty should not work outside even though as a matter of fact, there are some sucessful professors who can handle well. Because professors in some fields may bring about confusion to the outside, may influence themselves.

无双UID: 2663935

啊。。你怎么这么快进来啊。。。不可以插楼。。。我后天考试。把全50全部写好的整理出来。。此处占。。。第三高频、、

无双UID: 2663935

TOPIC: ISSUE208 - "The way people look, dress, and act reveals their attitudes and interests. You can tell much about a society's ideas and values by observing the appearance and behavior of its people."
WORDS: 560
TIME: 00:45:00
DATE: 2009-8-21 18:57:07

Generally, people wear clothes with light colors often for exaggerating pleasure, and with dark colors which implies that they are indulging in grief or loneliness. On wedding days, couples from western countries are used to be in white for the color representing loyalty and peace of marriage, while couples from eastern countries are accustomed to decorating halls or rooms in red for this color would taking presperity and joy for the whole family. Thus, in my eyes, appearance and behaviors can reveal the attitude, personality, preference, and thoughts of an individual, and at the same time reflect the ideas, values, morale and impulsives of a society, as the statement says.

Admittedly, appearances are often deceiving. Not all ladies with beautiful looks mean that they have kind hearts. Not all moving moments showed in photos suggest that the trend will last forever. Sometimes, beauty seems a kind of food, which looks quite nice, smells rather attractive, but without any nutrition, even it may be poisonous. For example, Da Ji was a famous concubine of Shang Wen King, the last king of Shang Dynasty in China. Her appearance could compete with moonlight, sweet and quiet. Anyone who saw her could not get away from her temptation, especially the king. However Da Ji had a morbid preference. She gave zeste to watch others' sufferings from various implements of punishment, hearing their scream with extreme pain. unfortunately, such terrible interest was accepted by the king. Beautiful appearance actually had brought about disasters--the Shang Dynasty was broken soon. Thus apparently appearances cannot replace others.

However, despite such abnormal example, appearance and behaviors still can be regarded as the criterion to judge a person's gender, age, job, social status, then his/her interest and attitude. In the modern time, it is still unbelievable that a man wears a mini-skirt, does a make-up and crazes for endless chit chat, while that a lady is bold, remains beard, and too furious to fight against no matter who disappoints her. After all, different gender has different style in clothes, behaviors and viewpoints. Similarly, if an old man likes to wear fat pants, blow his hair, listen to a MP5, and yell loudly in the street, or if a little boy is with no vigor, enthusiasm and appreciation for life, only prefers to stay solely, feed birds, plant trees, then recall the past day, the world must be in a mess. A professor usually chooses conventional clothes that stands for dignity and prestige. A soldier always refuses fashion elements to decorate himself or his space. Consequently, when judging a person, appearances and behaviors are essential.

Moreover, for a society, appearance and behaviors of its people, at the same time, can make an important effect. For instance, China nowadays is in a confusing stage. 90's, a speical difinition to describe those who are born after 1990 and before 2000, are extreme nonmainstream. They are crazy for colorful clothes, play Audition, write martial language in Qzone and indulge in sex and self-mutilation, who cannot recognize the tr.


To sum up, I insist to hold my opinion that the way people look, dress, and behave can reflect individuals' attitudes and interests, and can show the society's ideas and balues, even though that appearance often are deceiving. However, the appearance and behaviors can not be excluded as criterions to describe and understand no matter a person or a group or a society.

无双UID: 2663935

153"Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. They should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively."（怀疑精神。同意的）
[begin]（没有谁的质疑，什么就不会出现。排比2句）（引入主张）
If Darwin did not suspect that humans were created by God, he would never establish the theory of Evolution. If Einstein was blind to the Newton’s idea of absolute time, he would never develop law of Relativity. Skepticism is opposed to any doctrines, and sticks to make a series of analysis, judgement, deduction and conclusion strictly when facing various discourses, theories and researches. However, in China, the skepticism is not quite popular currently, especially among students who are under the severe spoon-fed education. Thus I stick to the statement that students should understand how to suspect what thay study rather than remember the information contained in plenty of textbooks passively.
1、被动学习，分不清真相。
Firstly, when students choose to follow others’ opinion and refuse to think further by themselves, they will possibly lose the ability to distinguish whether what they get from others are right or wrong, are rational or extreme. They may live in a confusing society and the most deadly sarcasm is that they have not realized this point at all.
Following is a little story of Socrates, the famous philosopher. One day, he brought an apple to his class and asked students to smell the air and then answer what they had smelled. Immediately one student answered that he smelled the apple. Socrates smilled, 'Smell again. Whoever agrees with him raises your hand.' After a moment, nearly half of students raised their hands. 'Smell again.' At this time, all hands were raised except one student’s. This boy questioned simply that he indeed did not smell anything. Socrates nodded and appreciated him, because the apple was fake. Guess who was the boy? He was Plato!
After all it is easy for us to enjoy convenience by following others but not thinking carfully. Thus we can see the fact—apple—appears before us even though it is not the case, but we prefer to believe the first judge rather than trust own feelings.
2、被动学习助长懒惰和虚伪，丧失独立性。（剽窃）
Secondly, if students are accustomed to accepting knowledge negatively, they are likely to fall into a disadvantageous habit when learning, which will enlarge their sloth and diffidence, then finally prevent them into truly strong and independent individuals. In the society with bombardment of information, students have countless accesses to receive knowledge, such as programs on television or radio, educational resources on the Internet and so on. Once these approaches are liked to the bad habit, it is inevitable for the public to worry about the consequences.
Plagiarism, one of the most serious results, would be rampant. In China, I have to admit this phenomenon is actually not rare. Graduates, who have to finish papers at the last semester, always choose to copy some others’ through various media. They do not trust that they can accomplish the task to the full, even some of them have no desire, no vigor and no enthusiasm to promote themselvs because for so long time of accepting, they have been nothing.
The meaning of life, in their eyes, is gradually vanishing.



3、
Finally, skepticism that students own is helpful for their exploring truth,and realizing the need of actualization, even though we know there is no end on the journey of pursuing perfect. But such spirit is so admirable.
We all know before the the time of Renaissance, the whole Europe had experienced a long period of time with darkness and uncivilization, being controlled by feudalism and Christianity. People could hardly survive. Evey day, every corners, blood was flowing. Humanity was being twisted, no sympathy, no love, no gratitude, no satisfaction. But when Italy firstly started to fight against spiritual authorites, iron fists, and doctrines, all things changed. Meanwhile, Montaigne, who was one of the most influential writers, and also was known for his skeptical remark, ‘What do I know?’, attempted to examine the world only through his own judgement rather than any others’. He always asked himself this question when reading some things no matter they were common senses or creative ideas. His understanding of happiness and justice, virture and truth were all developed on the basis of skepticism. And now he is still teaching us, the modern people, many philosophic thoughts, many truth of life, death and value.

Montaigne is the man who students should learn from.
[end]
To sum up, I insist that students should suspect what they study. Because not all information from others are right absolutely, not only accepting can achieve accomplishments, and not only following conventions is the quickest way of learning. Conversely, it is skepticism that encourages students to express personal viewpoints boldly. It is skepticism that bolster up students’ enthusiasm to pick up more knowledge. It is also the skepticism that pushes students to be truly strong and independent individuals. Every day, ask yourself, ‘What do I know?’.

无双UID: 2663935

A ruler, in my eyes, is a permanent image that represents his nation and his citizens, a perfect role model that guides the public how to behave, how to tackle, how to live. But when it comes to judge whether highest ethical and moral standards are completely essential for a ruler, I hold my opinion that the moralty has little difference with political issues.

Admittedly, it should not be denied that morality can bring more prestige for officials. Dante has ever said, 'Morality can make up for the lack of knowldge but knowledge can not make up for the lack of morality.' If a leader understands how to use moral principles to control, criticize and promote himself, how to pick up the cream of morality related to gratitude, love, sacrifice, and how to integrate morality to ability and temperation, he could be the most charming man for the public. Without amy doubt, morality is fundamental in the process of a person's growing up.

However, morality is not a absolute necessity for leaders, despite its advangates. Observing the history, philosophors who have higher standards in ethic and morality--adequate sympathy, profound thoughts, wide knowledge, and pursue truth, kindness, beauty--actually cannot supervise his nations well and protect his country from invasions. For example, Plato made a hierarchy of the classification of all residents in the city-state--philosophors, warriors and labor workers, in his Utopia. And he illustrated that philosophors should be superviors in the state because they commanded the important knowledge in the world about how to establish a balance among all members. But philosophors gave too much zest to idealism, desiring that all citizens turn to be wise men, no poverty, no war, no conflict only through a compelte system of moral principles instead of concentrating the basic need of humans like the need of food, water, security and sex. Thus such politicis were empty eventually. And the fact could justify my point that Greece, in which the average levels of morality was higher than any other small states in ancient age, could not avoid the ruin in a short time. Similarly, in China, Confucius, the most famous philosophor in the world whose moral standards cannot be ignored still could not prevent Xia Dynasty from disappearing in the hitory even though he was the tutor of the Xia king at that time. Thus, it is likely that philosophors lack some characters to be qualified rulers.


Furthermore, after all, the ruler is an individual who owns all potential natures as others, cannot avoid inborn lusts to wealth, sex, power and dignity, cannot totally free from the tempatation from surroundings, and cannot stand erect without no subjective implusives at any time in any places. For instance, Bill Clinton, who was the president in America in last century, has guided the Amercian people to enjoy the prosperity in economic for eight years. However the most popular and striking affair about him indeed disobeyed the morality. He has fallen into several charges related to sexual misconduct and illegal trade with some interest groups along with his wife. Apparently, if taking the moralty as the criterion to judge Clinton, he could not be suitable. Nevertheless on the contrary it was Clinton that had the ability to win presidential election twice, it was he that still held the appreciation and support from most Amercian people after continual scandals and controversies, and it was he that consolidated the position of America in the world as the richest and strongest nation. Therefore, I am more confident to believe that moralty is not one condition to be a ruler.




To sum up, I insist that a ruler need not own the highest ethical and moral standards when commanding the whole country, supervising the public, and defending evil authorities from outside, even though I admit that the perfect in moralty can increase his popularity and broaden his influence. The best rulers in the history, no matter in eastern countries or weatern countries, are not most philosophors, while not excellent leaders who have made huge contributions to their countries have no flaws in personalities, behaviors, and personal principles.

无双UID: 2663935

When I am mournful, I always indulge myself in the prosperity at the beginning of Qing Dynasty, appreciating my most beloved Emperior's talented strategies and his outstanding temperament in commanding the whole nation, because only such great man, great achievements in history can make me turn to be with passion, vigor and confidence once again.
When I want more sense of security and belongings, I will pick up a book related to traditional thoughts, recognizing the unbelivable strength of my ancestors and my country.
So undoubtedlly, I cannot agree with the statement presented above. The past is the base of the present, the tradition is always the fountain of the modern, and the history should never be forgotten forever.
1、历史可以激发起爱国情怀、民族情怀。（战争）中国近代屈辱史。
Firstly, what happened in the past could arouse national sentiments, strengthen the relationship among all members, and promote the country to a higher standard. From uncivilization to civilization, large quantities of wars between different nations and conflicts between seperated races appeared and then disappeared. Even though the harm to each group was hard to measure no matter physically or mentally, the feelings to each nation or race have still been stimulated and accumulated. Finally patriotism emerged. As a Chinese, I have that sense deeply. Before the prosperity of modern life, China has ever experienced a nearly century filled with humiliation, invasions and poverty from 1840 to 1949. English warship first broke the defensive line of Qing Dynasty, the final dynasty of China and later bought huge plenty of opium to damage the power, economic and thoughts of Chinese people. Then a series of catastrophes that resulted from the joint forces of eight imperialist powers and the Japanese invaders can never be forgotten. All of the sadness remind each Chinese that we must undertake the responsibilty of protecting our country through developing economic, remembering the duty to avoid any potential violence and standing erect in the world because we are Chinese.

2、现代人可以利用过去的失败经验，成功启示。(美国次贷危机there are likely to be other risk management implications from the turmoil in the US subprime mortgage market, and the crisis in the credit markets that followed.)
Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.
—— George Santayana
Moreover, lessons of failures in the past could be absorbed by current people, while elements of the success in the history could be learned to realize much greater accomplishments. Whatever innovation or creation are risky for fresheners, but if there exists experience of some people who had tried and knew what should do and what should prohibit, the way can be less difficult. For example, the financial crisis in the USA broke out completely two years ago. The direct cause was the bombardment of financial credit to house purchasers. The complex links between commercial banks and investment banks, the debts and derivatives exaggerated the extent of the crisis. And the basic cause was the supervision system of the finance. Thus, after this severe crisis which has influenced not only America but also Europe and Asia. These two years, many economists in China have warned government to speed up the establishment and development of complete supervison system, never to repeart the same mistakes as the USA.

3、传统必须要牢记，因为一个只享受现代生活的人容易迷失和困惑。（罗列科技）
Finally, even though technology is being improved in a faster and faster pace currently, many physchological problems emerging among humans could only be solved by traditions and history. On most corners in a big city, various cellphones ring, flooding cars horn, new buildings are being constructed, fast food are on the way. No matter in what place, people are walking much more quickly, encircled by large numbers of electronic community media. Less time left to sit quietly, drink a cup of coffee, read a book heart and soul, and contemplate further. Less time left to company families, chat with friends, make romantic air with lovers and help hopeless strangers. In my eyes, such conditions are alomost because of loss of history, loss of tradition, and loss of root. If a person respects taditional principles, he/she would not refuse to devote time to accompany dad and mom when Spring Featival is on the corner. If a persson remembers the hardness of the past, he/she would understand why the elder save money to such an emtreme extent. If a person zests for historic issues and relics, he/she would never agree with the destruction from the local government and some interest groups.

[end]
To sum up, I stick to hold my opinion that although today we are in a new and complex world, an understanding of the past will provide endless and countless benefits for us, for the society. Because history offers us too much information about success and failure, contains too many sentiments which were stimulated by each issue, and includes sufficently profound thoughts, deep contemplation about life, death, beliefs, and attitudes. Cherish our history, cherish every pearls dropping in the long river during such a long history—5,000 years’ civilization. ‘I am a Chinese.’ I am impressed.

无双UID: 2663935

51"Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student."
教育就应该为满足个人需要和兴趣而设立。
When from different angles to contemplate this statement, various points could emerge.

Admittedly, I can not agree more with the statement if I stand as a student. If so, I would have no disappointment of the settled courses of economics which totally were out my expectation, while I could have a perfect curriculum based on my learning ability and process in my university. If so, I did not need to learn theorical physics that I was most hate while I could choose courses related to my beloved movies, music and psychology during those days in high school. If so, I absolutely would not learn how to recite one boring article again and again just for scores, while I could pick up novels about ancient dynasties and talented emperors for real interest in my junior school.

However, if I give up personal interest and subjective judgment, I would oppose to the statement. Education should not cater to individual needs and hobbies. On one hand, there are thousands of Hamlets in thousand people’s eyes, not to mention that in China, the number of students has been up to several hundred million. As far as the educational resources, including fundings, material resources（techniques, buildings, and other implements）, human resources (teachers, profesors, and other faculty)are concerned, it seems like a fantastic dream to satisfy needs of each student. Does the school have to provide sufficent service, with hiring related teacher, purchasing more techniques and giving a classroom immediately when a student’ hobby changes from chemistry to literature, and another one gives up maths and desires to study panio? If so, the position of school is shaky along with the faculty and gradually, schools would break down to be small educational institutions whose tuition is quite high and meet individuals’ needs as more as possible. But less students can afford. Thus, it is entirely nonsense to ask traditional schools to meet students.

On the other hand, some majors are essential for a student even though they are boring extremely, such as moral principles which exert a significant effect on one student’ temperament, personality, spirit status and behaviors, traditional culture which can arouse his/her national sentiment, fulfill the sense of belonging and security, and social skills which benefit him/her to survive in the competitive society smoothly. If students just prefer courses related to entertainment and luxuries, no homework, no stress, no impulsives, I think it is the end of education.







To sum up, I insist that schools should not be designed to meet the needs and interest of each student, even though interest is the footstep for achieving higher level in academic. After all, the resources of scholls are limited and it is

无双UID: 2663935

131"The arts (painting, music, literature, etc.) reveal the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of a society."
[begin]
Art is one special mode of human being’s expressions, a combination of various emotions, and a reflection of ideological struggles. Art is for life, and cannot be separated from society. Thus, I stick to the statement presented above that art, no matter what form it is, can reveal ideas and impulses, including those hidden behind the surface.
1、
艺术可以揭示隐藏的感情和思想。（尤其是有悖于现实的）
Firstly, art is for life, but not for mediocre life. In a piece of work, ordinary emotions generally are conveyed, such as love, gratitude and enthusiasm; hate, grieve and dissatisfaction. However, I appreciate startling works created by bold artists more which transmit abnormal psychologies like anti-socialism, radicalism and sadism. For example, Marquis de Sade, a French revolutionary and writer in 18th century, was most famous for his erotic novels which combined philosophy and pornography, describing extremely sexual fantasies with violence and profaneness to Catholic Church. Undoubtedly, in his day, Sade’s behaviors totally could not be accepted by mainstream, by contemporaries and the so-called ‘moral’ principles. However, he had expressed his true feelings about how to treat sex, how to enjoy life and how to get freedom. In his literature, large quantities of episodes related to sadism which was derived from his name have presented one kind of hidden nature of humans, even though it is hard to admit for any ordinary people.
2、
艺术可以揭示社会的动力（引导向前）
Moreover, art can reveal impulses in the society which may lead to innovations or disasters. In the development of human being’s civilization, it is countless impulses existing in any ages, in any countries, and on any continents that guide people in a specific direction and stimulate the society to a higher level. For instance, when it comes to the world of jazz, a culture was remained to be a hot bed for innovation all the time. Jazz musicians have a long history of introducing new ideas, new forms, new techniques, new sourses, and new styles. Jazz that they created were to ‘get difference’ and to integrate freedom to forms. Jazz was a whole way of life, a youth culture included all sorts of fashions, hairstyles, behaviors and novel ways of speaking and thinking. Because of these characters of jazz, it is totally predictable that the world will be more colorful, creative and vigor. And it is true, after so long period of time since jazz appeared, that jazz actually has changed the world, promoting the musical aesthetics, leading to free forms and standing as the typical sign of Amercian culture.
3、
社会反作用于艺术
Additionally, the statement only point out that art exert a significant effect on society, but in turn, how society make influence on art should not ignored. Art is created by artists, who live in their personal environment, receiving and transmitting information from outside every day, increasing and deepening thoughts about life, death, happiness and sorrow. The Bird’s Nest, built for 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, is an outstanding work, for it absorbs the cream of Chinese 5,000-year culture and advanced modernization. The society is the fountain of inspiration for artists.
[end]
To sum up, I still stick to the assertion that art, including novels, movies, music, or architecture, can reveal hidden ideas and impulses of a society. Because art can illustrate clearly what people fear to show, and what impulses may emerge to influence the society. Furthermore, the importance of society for art also cannot be ignored. Art is for life. That is the cream of civiliazation.

无双UID: 2663935

88"Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics."
[begin]
支持
As the hierarchy of five levels of basic needs, it is because of technologies producing food, purifying water that people can fulfill the need biologically; it is because of technologies providing weapons, warning lights, implements of punishment that the need of security can be ensured. However, when it comes to the higher level, there is a question that whether machines can satisfy humans’ need of belonging, affection, love, esteem even actualization. The answer for me is yes. Techonologies can in turn determine social customs and ethics.
1、
Firstly, living in the world of machines, persons' life styles cannot be settled without any influence of technology.
In the ancient time, our ancestors were only able to hunt animals by slings, arrows or fire, and their life style was quite simple. While in the following ages compass had been applied in voyage, explosive had showed in fights, paper had been popular throughout western and earern countries, people at those days had changed to be open minded and curious about the outside. And until nowdays, people have realized dreams of flying in the sky, exploring the outspace, arriving in a faraway place within the short time, which determine that the society is destinied to be so competive, colorful and complex.
Just take my life as an example. I could not get up on time without my clock, I absolutely would miss the first class if the bus misses me, I would lose my preverance and enthusiasm to accomplish my paper if once my computer abandons me. No electronic card used to consume means poverty and starvation in school. No air conditioner suggests the day is my most unbearable day. No cellphone indicates that I am lost in a dangerous iron world. See, technology has been a part of my life, without which only a narrow range of districts are available to me, with which the life can keep processing on; without which I have to be trapped in a cage, with which freedom is the most fabulous present from God. Only I know is that technology determines my existence even though I hate the feeling of being controlled.
2、
Secondly, one' personality and characters would on some extent be determined by technology in his surroundings. I have the experience. SInce my birth twenty years ago, disposable things have emerged in my life, such as disposable diaper, disposable ballon, although as a baby, I did not know what they were. As time goes by, each time I finished eatting, I threw away disposable chopsticks. Each time I disliked clothes, I gave up dressing them one more time. Graduately I am accustomed abandoning many disposable things because in my bottom of heart, they are useless, they are nothing, they are just tools. Then this habit pushes me to care less about nearly all things including my faults, my hobbies, even friendship and cherishable memories about the past. I lose ability to keep loving one person for more than three months, keep saving one lesson of a huge mistake for more than a week, keep remembering my parents’ birthdays, keep cherishing one sort of affection. I lose myself. I hate technology.
3、
Finally, more and more communication media appearing in humans' daily life predicts that information can be spread throughout the world, no matter they are reasonable or entreme, right or wrong. Especially on the Internet, too many fake and irrational messages are flooding into people's spaces of mind. For instance, last year in China, when Olympic Torch was interrupted by some groups in western countries, countless e-friends were transmitting rumors and taking advantage of nations to prevent some western corporations. This was totally misleading the public and twisting the truly patriotism. The consequence was that many adults had been stirred up,
gathering, marching and demonstrating, not to mention that immature teenagers would be influenced negatively. The behaviors disobeyed Chinese morality and traditional principles passed on for 5,000 years. If anti-tradition discourses, criminal minds, fanatic actions are going to occupy the Internet, morale of a person is likely to be polluted.

[end]
To sum up, I insist that technology actually determine social customes and ethics, including peoole's lifestyle, habits, personalities and morale.

无双UID: 2663935

11政府	56"Governments should focus more on solving the immediate problems of today rather than trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future."

[begin]
"Of the people, by the people, and for the people." That was a description of the American government byAbraham Lincoln，the 16th president of the United States,
Government is an organization that owns the authority to make and enforce laws that control people’s behaviors and manage the whole economic, has the duty to defend its nation against evil authorities, to establish a system of sharing responsibility of taking care of the elderly and the young

As one of its duties ,solving problems which are classified as immediate problems and anticipated problems, is the most fundamental for the government. But the resources and abilities of the government is constrained and countable,which could never be the Almighty God after all, thus it has to find a balance between using resources effectively and solving problems as perfectly as possible. .Thus, for me, the government should concentrate more on the immediate problems .
1、现在的问题如果非常紧急和严重，则必须先解决。（中日战争）
If the immediate problem is extremely emergent out of expectation and without any preparation, the government has no alternative. This almost seems to choose between bringing a sudden plague under control and realizing the dream of lenghening longevity for humans.The problem has to be solved first or no one could predict what would happen in the future. Endless conflicts? Quantities of deaths? Let me cite the following example.for a further discussion. At the beginning of last century, China was in darkness, suffering from both aggression from more than eight western countries and horrible economic depression. But the imemediate problem was undoubtedlly the extrusion because if Chinese had no their country, their ethic and their own beliefs, it was doomed that they would lose roots as they stood, lose sound to shout and yell, lose self-respect and respect from others and lose any enlightened future. So even if the economy could never be improved, as long as China never extincted on the map, what problems in the next day had the ability to fear all the chinese prople? None.

2、资源有限的情况下，解决现在的问题。
Moreover, if the resources and abilities owned by the government are too insufficent to solve both immediate problems and anticipated problems, the best way is selecting the former. On one hand, there exists a period of time until the anticipated problems appear which is hard to evaluate precisely. If all resources are remained to the full, they would form a huge opportunity cost finally, especially in case the resources could deal with the immediate problems effectively. (例子)
On the other hand, the anticiapted problems are persons’ intentional judgements according to facts, which are entirely possible with flaws. Therefore uncertain befenits in the future, after all, cannot compete with the present and ensured benefits.

3、现在的问题会引爆将来的大问题。
Generally, most immediate problems that are slightly serious and happening nearly everyday could slowly be acumulated into the anticipated problems of the future. Thus, for avioding more troubles in the future, the immediate problems should be sovled one by one currently. For instance, every day, it is common that collisons happen between residents and emmigrants, fighings between different individuals or groups, prositutes do their business and so on, all of which are immediate problems in a state. Maybe the government considers these issues as trivialities. However, if the collisions between residents and emmigrants are because of racism that, if develops without control, will lead to anticipated riots among complex relations. If the fightings do not occur between ordinary persons, but the gangs which had own militants and forces, the immediate problems have to be solved in peace in order not to cause much more severe problems in the future. The prositutes’ business is a similar case that may anticipate the AIDs flooding into the state. Thus, can immediate problems be ignored?
[end]
To sum up, in my opinion, the government, actually, should focus more on the immediate problems especially they are emengent and serious, from the consideration of the limited resources and abilities. However it still does not absolutely indicate that the anticipated problems need not any concern. As long as the government could be loyal to its announcement—‘of the people, by the people and for the people’., every problems will be dashed.

无双UID: 2663935

12研究	69"Government should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development"(战争实验、克隆人、层出不穷的技术出现)

三个例子
战争实验
克隆人
科技的更替过快

During the development of human beings' civilazation, scientific research plays an important role, with which various unimginably puzzles have been solved, without which many advanced technologies such as telephone, computer would never flood into people's life; with which people can protect themselves from most terrible diseases and unpredictable disasters, without which the world will not turn to be smaller, the distance between strangers could never be shorter. However, here, I will not keep appreciating scientific research but start to criticize it.

Scientific research, if hurting persons who anticipate the experiment voluntarily should be constrianed and cancelled. Here is an example with horror but true. In the War World Two, facism were thirsty to obstruding other countries for lands, resources and slaves. Japan and Germany were the most ambitious nations, both of which had committed the most sereve crimes in the history. Meanwhile, there was a Japanes army named as 731, which had experimented on actual human beings' bodies that were trapped by them for improvement of advanced weapons, such as poisonous gas, chemical materials, and so on. And these experiments had been made for a quite long time. How many people had experienced such kinds of death? How many people had to undertake these inhumane sufferings? None offspring of these people could forget the darkness and crulty of the history., the evil research.

Scientific research, if bringing about uncontrolled consequences beyond moral principles, security of humans, peace in the world, should be restricted and prevented without any hesitation. Last century, there was a striking achievement emerging that was 'clone'. In my opinion, clone is a success when it is used to prevent some rare animals from extincting, copy a same one in order to comfort those who lose their pets and produce organs to save patients. But I cannot accept clone used to copy individuals. However there are a group of scientists and professors advocating to establish such program—cloning man. If beside me stands an another 'I', although it sounds cool, I will feel more horrible. Human cloning, to some extent, is against traditions and convertions, that the kinship in the world will be in a mess. Furthermore, the process is likely to lead to quantity of dead and disablity inevitablly, because the difficulty in cloning living creatures is huge. Subsequently, it could be predicted that countless experiments in the future will produce endless babies’ deaths. Is it bearable? The programmed reproduction of man will, in fact, dehumanize him.

Furthermore, the development of some technologies should also be controlled in a range, because they are speeding up the whole society, which have caused problems in human beings' mind. On any corner in a big city, various cellphones ring, flooding cars horn, new buildings are being constructed, fast food are on the way. Wherever, people are walking faster and faster, encircled by large numbers of electronic community media. Less time left to sit quietly, drink coffee , indulge a book heart and soul, and contemplate further. Less time left to company families, chat with friends, make romantic with lovers and help hopeless strangers. In my eyes, such conditions are alomost because of loss of history, loss of tradition, and loss of root. And I have to owe the loss to the bombardness of technologies, which are updated in a extremely fast pace.


To sum up, I stick to the statement presented above that the government should place few restrictions on scientific research and development. If do not so, scientists who are filled with amibitious, fanatism and criminal mind will do many researches and take their results on human beings rather than mouses any longer. Additionally, technologies will appears faster and faster without any interrupts, occupying our--human beings' living spaces, consuming our time, health and thoughts, and finally swallowing us untill human beings disappear.

无双UID: 2663935

144"It is the artist, not the critic, who gives society something of lasting value." *a person who evaluates works of art, such as novels, films, music, paintings, etc.
[begin]
I am a loyal moviegoer with extreme fanatic about all ranges of films produced by not only great directors such as Steven Spielberg, Adrian Lyne and Ki-duk Kim, but also some insignificant makers from Spain, France and Italy. I appreciate whoever is trying to express his/her true thoughts of life, society and humanity, although most themes like gays, ethic discrimination and morbid love are controversial for audiences. On the contrary, I dislike existence of critics even though sometimes critics will provide many suggestions to tell which movie is worthy watching and which one is junk, most of time, they are misleading the public who want to experience a unique visual journey not to mention that they gives society something of lasting value..
.

1、是艺术家带来持久的艺术魅力。

Firstly, in my eyes, an artist creates the art for his/her own, for expressing personal emotions, conveying individual fantastic dreams and transmitting sole profound thoughts through words(literature), painting brush(painting), plaster(architecture) and any other elements. His art is for life, but not for mediocre life.
例子：
It is Beethoven's symphony that bolsters up people’s hearts.
It is the Mona Lisa’s smile that attracts attention from generation to generation.
It is Marquis de Sade, the most controversial writer in 18th century, who created startling novels which combined philosophy and pornography, describing extremely sexual fantasies with violence and profaneness to Catholic Church that taught people one abnormal nature--sandism and expressed his true feelings about how to treat sex, how to enjoy life and how to get freedom.
It is Sade’s works that shock the society and leave somethings with lasting value. .

Therefore, artists are the only creators of value.

2、评论家不可能带来艺术价值
Secondly, for me, a critic criticizes an art is for simply discussing whether this art caters to popular taste, evaluating whether this art is sufficently aesthestic, and lastly encouraging others to give up this art or support it. His critic is also for life, but unfortunately for mediocre life. A critic with such character and purpose are doomed to play a role of art’s satellite.
例子：
It is quantities of critics who appreciate Beethoven's symphony and enhance the popularity among the public. And it is the case. But it is not critics that express complex emotions about fate, transmit the spirit of struggles, and bolster up the public.
There are large numbers of critics depreciating works of Sade because in his literature, countless episodes related to sadism which was derived from his name reveal the hidden nature of humans. However, philosophy contained in such works has not been ignored eventually.
In all, critics are not makers of art, not deciders of value. They are almost like a communication media, responsible for conveying information about a piece of work.

3、评论家的缺点。
Furthermore, in some extent, critics would be disadvantageous to the value of art. They are evey easy to make critical comments, no matter the comments are objective or subjective, are expert or casual. After all critics are not likely to undertake more risks than artists. Converesely, an artist has to devote all his/her life, energy and heart on each work, then accepts more complaints, humiliations than glories because the world is customed to being unfriendly to new talent, new creations and new superstars.
例子（印象派）
For instance, Impressionists emerged with the notion that art should get rid of the constraints from politics, history, religions, but insist on expressing perceptions of nature, which were laughed at by most mainstream—those social critics. Meanwhile, there was a classic impressionate paiting named as Edouard Manet, presented to express the resistance to the convention, that was refused by most judges at that time but now turns to be a very valuable work. If offspring all choose to believe the comments of conventional critics, no real works of masters would be passed on until today.


Another example is related to my experience. Love me if you dare, a film in 2003 from France, was ever criticized to the worst by an outstanding critic in his blog, and unfortunately I saw the passage which led me to cancle this movie in my list. However, about two years later, after finishing watching this film by accident, I found myself shocked so deeply that it is hard for me to have confidence in any criticisms anymore, no matter how famous is the derivation.

[end]
To sum up, I stick to my opinion that only artists rather than critics are loyal to the permanent value and spirit of art. Because only the artist is the creator and the concentration of the art while a critic exists just as a mouth from outside, no matter what he/she says, the meaning of the art cannot be influenced and altered. Even sometimes, the comments are not credible.

无双UID: 2663935

14与7相同。历史篇

14历史	120"So much is new and complex today that looking back for an understanding of the past provides little guidance for living in the present."

无双UID: 2663935

15与12相同，研究篇

15研究	40"Scholars and researchers should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem."（研究者是个人，肯定有人的劣根性：贪婪、自私、懒惰。——研究的罪恶）