issue 写文

无双UID: 2663935

159"The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds."
[begin]机器不仅仅只是工具
Looking around our life, we actually live in a world of machines. Factories, schools, governments are constructed by them, labors, educators, supervisors cannot work without them. As the hierarchy of five levels of basic needs, it is because of machines producing food, purifying water that people can fulfill the need biologically; it is because of machines providing weapons, warning lights, implements of punishment that the need of security can be ensured. However, when it comes to the higher level, there is a question that whether machines can satisfy humans’ need of belonging, affection, love, esteem even actualization. The answer for me is yes. Machines can in turn determine a person’s emotion, life style, and morality.


1、
Firstly, living in the world of machines, persons' lifestyles cannot be settled without any influence of technology. Just take my life as an example. I could not get up on time without my clock, I absolutely would miss the first class if the bus misses me, I would lose my preverance and enthusiasm to accomplish my paper if once my computer abandons me. No electronic card used to consume means poverty and starvation in school. No air conditioner suggests the day is my most unbearable day. No cellphone indicates that I am lost in a dangerous iron world. See, technology has been a part of my life, without which only a narrow range of districts are available to me, with which the life can keep processing on; without which I have to be trapped in a cage, with which freedom is the most fabulous present from God. Only I know is that technology determines my existence even though I hate the feeling of being controlled.
2、
Secondly, one' personality and characters would on some extent be determined by technology in his surroundings. I have the experience. SInce my birth twenty years ago, disposable things have emerged in my life, such as disposable diaper, disposable ballon, although as a baby, I did not know what they were. As time goes by, each time I finished eatting, I threw away disposable chopsticks. Each time I disliked clothes, I gave up dressing them one more time. Graduately I am accustomed abandoning many disposable things because in my bottom of heart, they are useless, they are nothing, they are just tools. Then this habit pushes me to care less about nearly all things including my faults, my hobbies, even friendship and cherishable memories about the past. I lose ability to keep loving one person for more than three months, keep saving one lesson of a huge mistake for more than a week, keep remembering my parents’ birthdays, keep cherishing one sort of affection. I lose myself. I hate technology.
3、
Finally, more and more communication media appearing in humans' daily life predicts that information can be spread throughout the world, no matter they are reasonable or entreme, right or wrong. Especially on the Internet, too many fake and irrational messages are flooding into people's spaces of mind. For instance, last year in China, when Olympic Torch was interrupted by some groups in western countries, countless e-friends were transmitting rumors and taking advantage of nations to prevent some western corporations. This was totally misleading the public and twisting the truly patriotism. The consequence was that many adults had been stirred up,
gathering, marching and demonstrating, not to mention that immature teenagers would be influenced negatively. The behaviors disobeyed Chinese morality and traditional principles passed on for 5,000 years. If anti-tradition discourses, criminal minds, fanatic actions are going to occupy the Internet, morale of a person is likely to be polluted.

无双UID: 2663935

218"In order for any work of art—whether film, literature, sculpture, or a song—to have merit, it must be understandable to most people."
[begin]
Art is one special mode of human being’s expressions, a combination of various emotions, and a reflection of ideological struggles. Art is for life, and cannot be separated from the public. Audiences are judges of art, choosing what they appreciate, what they want to remember and what they desire to introduce around. However, nowadays most artists are beginning to cater to popular taste, care less about the profound meaning behind the surface. thus, I do not agree with the statement presented above. For me, art, no matter what form it is, must first be loyal to the cream of art rather than commerce, then be understandable to most people.
1、
艺术家坚持自己。
Firstly, art should belong to individuals, but not for mediocre life. In a piece of work, ordinary emotions generally are conveyed, such as love, gratitude and enthusiasm; hate, grieve and dissatisfaction. Such contents are easy to be accepted because they are ordinary. But I appreciate startling works created by bold artists more which transmit abnormal psychologies like anti-socialism, radicalism and sadism. They disobey mainstream while they stick to personal true feelings.
例子：
For example, Marquis de Sade, a French revolutionary and writer in 18th century, was most famous for his erotic novels which combined philosophy and pornography, describing extremely sexual fantasies with violence and profaneness to Catholic Church. Undoubtedly, in his day, Sade’s behaviors totally could not be accepted by mainstream, by contemporaries and the so-called ‘moral’ principles. However, he had expressed his true feelings about how to treat sex, how to enjoy life and how to get freedom. In his literature, large quantities of episodes related to sadism which was derived from his name have presented one kind of hidden nature of humans, even though it is hard to admit and to understand for ordinary people. But the truth cannot be ingored that it is Sade’s works that shock the society and leave somethings with lasting value.
Thus, an artist should keep expressing sole notion and special understanding about art.
2、
艺术不被商业化
Secondly, art should avoid eroding from people’s endless lusts for wealth. Unfortunately, it is not strictly the case currently. More and more works of art are losing spiritual even conscience created by the film directors,architects, designers, paiters or singers.
例子
For example, in the film market in China, literary films have no ability to compete with commercial films that are filled with funny episodes, sexy superstars, striking atmosphere and some novel themes such as gays, violence, morbid love. Because olny occuping the market share can make profits. Additionally, Europeans pay more attention to literary films than directors in Hollywood. Their films relatively have more frequent changeable emotions, more outstanding personalitis, slower pace in producing and generally set audiences in contemplation of life, philosophy, and humanity. But it is a pity that European films’ market is being usurped graduately.
Therefore, it is important for an artist to get rid of tempation of money.

3、
使人们了解艺术。
Finally, after artists create personal works naturally, it is a necessaity to shorten the distance between artists and audiences by providing more approaches for ordinary people, such as abating tickets’ prices, uttering some simple forms or enhancing people’s degree of art.
例子
As long as a person has the access to China, he/she must will sense the richness and splendor of China’s 5,000ywar-old culture. However many folk arts are disappearing slowly. One cause is that the public lack adequate ways to understand these arts.
But government has realized the emergency of this fact, and in Shanghai this year, there will be several series of concerts, including opera, trio of viola, piano and clarinet. And the most important is the price can be accepted by the public, even students.

[end]
To sum up, I insist that art must be for life andunderstandable by people, but itself should be independent with less influences from the popular taste, the tempation of money. Art is another home of people’s mind, thoughts, and emotions. Only understanding art will people learn more about themselves and their surroundings.

无双UID: 2663935

190"As long as people in a society are hungry or out of work or lack the basic skills needed to survive, the use of public resources to support the arts is inappropriate—and, perhaps, even cruel—when one considers all the potential uses of such money."
[begin]（反对）
Art is a special mode of humans' expression, a combination of various emotions, and a reflection of ideological struggles. Art is for life, and it is never separated from society, no matter the world is in darkness or prosperity. Thus I cannot agree with the statement. What I believe is that the arts can bring about positive news for poverty, for umemployment, for depression even for crimination.
1、诚然，对于个人而言，五大需求的安排下，艺术是排在后面的。
Admittedly, I do not mean to refuse the hierarchy of five levels of basic needs, which was established by Maslow, the psychologist in the USA. For an individual, art is the last thing to consider. He, at the first, has to spare no effort to survive in the competive society, with food and water, oxygen and sex. Only when he feels satisfied biologically, he will try to fulfill the need of safety, the need of love, belonging and affection for avoiding sense of insecurity and loneliness. Sequently need of esteem will emerge to comfort the man by achieving accomplishments, obtaining respect from others and himself. Finally, it is the turn of need of actualization which cannot be realized when leaving with art and religion. It is a pleasant thing for a person to sit quietly in a room, drink a cup of coffee, listen to some pieces of beautiful songs, read a collection of poetry and indulge in contemplation about life, death, faith and spirit..


However, for the whole world, it cannot be guranteed that as long as there are someones living in the condition with poverty, umemployment and other sorts of sufferings, art should be banished immediately for its ineffectiveness in solving these problems.

2、但是，在贫穷的状况下，艺术可以筹款——经济援助；艺术——激励斗志
Firstly, artists can call for the public to concentrate people whose conditions of life are worsening, to donate money, clothes, books, and so on for poor children, women and the eld. They can exert a huge effect through their fame, their abulms, even their fans. For example, Michael Jackson, the most controversial singer in America, but he, in my eyes, is the most magical and charitable great man. Until his death at the beginning of this year, his donations have added up to 300 million dollars, which has ever helped not only American children, but also children from Japan, Africa, England and other continents; has been used not only in educational institutions, churches but also hospitals and orphanages. He loved children so much that each concert he would send plenty of tickets to those children who could not affort one.
Thus, the coexistence of problems of survival and art is not a contradiction.
1、
提升士气。
Secondly, during the darkness, art can bolster up people's hearts, stimulate their enthusiasm and guide them to pursue higher levels. Many elements contained in art are filled with artists' true and apparent emotions like love, gratitude and satisfaction; hate, grieve and disappointment. For instance, China has ever experienced a nearly century filled with humiliation, invasions and poverty from 1840 to 1949. English warship first broke the defensive line of Qing Dynasty, the final dynasty of China and later bought huge plenty of opium to damage the power, economic and thoughts of Chinese people. Then a series of catastrophes that resulted from the joint forces of eight imperialist powers and the Japanese invaders can never be forgotten. At those days, large numbers of songs were created, such as Red Army's Iron by Xian Xinghai which was full of strong patriotism. Such songs actually encouraged soldiers and residents to fight agaist enemies, defend nations and uphold dignity.

[end]
To sum up, I insist that arts can actually be effective for solving poverty, umemployment, econimic depression or environmenal problems. Because artists can encourage and call for the public through their fame. Some piece of works filled with true feelings can bolster up and guide people. Art is another home of people’s mind, thoughts, and emotions. Only understanding art will people learn more about themselves and their surroundings.

无双UID: 2663935

占楼。。34

34伟人	203"The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its heroines."

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59"Too much emphasis is placed on role models. Instead of copying others, people should learn to think and act independently and thus make the choices that are best for them."
[begin]
When I am mournful, I always indulge myself in the prosperity at the beginning of Qing Dynasty, appreciating my most beloved Emperior's talented strategies and his outstanding temperament in commanding the whole nation, because only such great man, great achievements in history can make me turn to be with passion, vigor and confidence once again. This is the so-called power of role model. However, after all I could just have a life, and role models cannot be the one part.
1、榜样的力量大
Admittedly, role models are rather important in people’s daily life, because they appear in various media frequently, who inevitably are beloved, appreciated and even worshiped by some groups.
What they do will graduately influence their fans’ behaviors, and what they prefer also will lead to an excessive trend.
For example, many singers and movie stars have portrated positive images through concentrating people whose life conditions are worsening with huge donations or calling for the public to concern more about the environment. Michael Jackson was the one. In his whole life, his donations have added up to 300 million dollars, which were used to help children throughout the world. He went to visit them, sing for them, and play together.
Thus, the influence of such superstar is hard to measure.

2、盲从他人，分不清事实真相。（copying others）
However, when persons always choose to follow others’ opinion and refuse to think further by themselves, they will possibly lose the ability to distinguish whether what they get from others are right or wrong, are rational or extreme. They may live in a confusing surroundings and the most deadly sarcasm is that they have not realized this point at all.
Following is a little story of Socrates, the famous philosopher. One day, he brought an apple to his class and asked students to smell the air and then answer what they had smelled. Immediately one student answered that he smelled the apple. Socrates smilled, 'Smell again. Whoever agrees with him raises your hand.' After a moment, nearly half of students raised their hands. 'Smell again.' At this time, all hands were raised except one student’s. This boy questioned simply that he indeed did not smell anything. Socrates nodded and appreciated him, because the apple was fake. Guess who was the boy? He was Plato!
From this story, we can see that it is easy for people to enjoy convenience by following others but not considering the question carfully. The fact—apple—presented before eyes, but they prefer to believe the first judge rather than trust own real feelings.
3、被动学习助长懒惰和虚伪，丧失独立性。（剽窃）copying others’ achievements
Moreover, if persons are accustomed to accepting knowledge negatively, they are likely to fall into a disadvantageous habit when learning, which will enlarge their sloth, break down their confidence, and finally prevent them into truly strong and independent individuals. In the society with bombardment of information, students have countless accesses to receive knowledge, such as programs on television or radio, educational resources on the Internet and so on. Once these approaches are liked to the bad habit, it is inevitable for the public to worry about the consequences.
Plagiarism, one of the most serious results, would be rampant. In China, I have to admit this phenomenon is actually not rare. Graduates, who have to finish papers at the last semester, always choose to copy some others’ through various media. They do not trust that they can accomplish the task to the full, even some of them have no desire, no vigor and no enthusiasm to promote themselvs because for so long time of accepting, they have been nothing. The meaning of life, in their eyes, is gradually vanishing. Despite students, plenty of professors in some universities, research organizations also cannot get rid of the negative behaviors. The preverance and independence in academic are open to question heatedly in the public.




[end]

无双UID: 2663935

138"Only through mistakes can there be discovery or progress."(单一关系)
[begin]（因为什么的错误，造就了什么。排比三句）

1.（正）失败是成功之母。经历过失败，可以吸取教训。美国的次贷危机。

(美国次贷危机there are likely to be other risk management implications from the turmoil in the US subprime mortgage market, and the crisis in the credit markets that followed.)
Firstly, lessons of failures in the past could be absorbed by current people to aviod the same mistakes and realize much greater accomplishments. Whatever innovation or creation are risky for fresheners, if there exists experience of some people who had tried and knew what should do and what should prohibit, the way can be less difficult.
For example, the subprime crisis broke out at the beginning of 2007 in the USA. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were hit hard. The Wall Street nearly disappeared. Numurous banks and financial corporations bankrupted. Rate of unemployment increased dramatically. In all, American people
encountered a huge disaster for the mistakes made by a series of organizations. The direct cause was the bombardment of financial credit to house purchasers. The complex links between commercial banks and investment banks, the debts and derivatives exaggerated the extent of the crisis. Then the basic cause was the supervision system of the finance.
Thus,
from the turmoil in the US subprime mortgage market, and the crisis in the credit markets and real economic that followed, management implications should be concentrated. Apparently afterthe government in China required financial organizations to speed up the establishment and development of complete supervison system for reducing the negative influence of the crisis, the economic climate throughout the country currently appears to be recovered gradually.
.

2、(负)
However, if the resources are too insufficent or the issue is quite emergent, there is no time and opportunity for people to make mistakes, not to mention that through making mistakes success emerges. Sometimes, success in any realm of life comes more often from taking chances or risks than experiencing previous mistakes.
Chairman Mao, the most greatest man in China, can be a classic example to prove the statement. During the Long March, the Red Army that was encircled by its enemy-Kuomingtang Army in a mountain. All of the detailed plans were useless. At that emergent time, Chairman Mao determined to take another novel and risky strategy without any hesistation. Fortunately, thanks for his brilliant mind, precise sense of orientation, and bald assumptions, all soilders fled from enemy's track successfully.
If the great man, at that time, believed that only through mistakes can save the red army, the consequence must have turned to be miserable. The history of China must have been changed.

3、(负) 有些错误本身就是一种成功。
Moreover, the so-called mistake, to some extent, is a kind of discovery, progress and even success in the history of human being’s civilization. The definations of both are not so clear. The case is that in a period of time, people around cannot understand new ideas of a man, which are against doctrines, popular tastes and conventions, and regard them as huge mistakes. Then as time goes by, such ideas start to be truth examined by offspring, be accepted by mainstream, and be worshipped by experts. For example, Marquis de Sade, the most controversial writer in 18th century, created startling novels which combined philosophy and pornography, described extremely sexual fantasies with violence and profaneness to Catholic Church. He taught people one abnormal nature--sandism and expressed his true feelings about how to treat sex, how to enjoy life and how to get freedom. Apparently he had been cursed in his day for his disabeying traditional faith and morality. However, after several centuries, Baudelaire discovered him. Beauvoir appreciated him. SM has been an acceptable phenomenon.
From the fact, even though Sade’s startling ideas were mistakes, his creativity, courage and pursuit of freedom were the greatest success, not to mention that these ideas were not wrong actually.
Thus, the coexistence of mistake and success is not contradiction, which can pull down the statement that just presented an one-way relationship between mistake and success.


  
To sum up, I insist that mistakes can be the fountain of success, however, not only mistakes can achieve success, and not the relationship between mistake and success is so simple as the statement.

无双UID: 2663935

112"Some educational systems emphasize the development of students' capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions."
理性和感性。Art——emotions////
理性教育的确很重要。有助于学生理智的看待问题和处理问题。（爱国patriotism.）
但是我更加强调感性。感情emotions include love, gratutude, regret, sympathy, sad, loneliness. 因为感性而区别于machine.。才会有生活的意义。现代社会，过于理性的人们渐渐丧失传统，丧失亲情友情爱情。
For me, it is difficult to choose between ration and emotion. Because of rational thinking, I can make right judgment when encountering problems and hardship while because of emotional impulsives, I feel I am an individual rather than an iron machine without any emotions. But when it comes to make a absolute choice, I will agree with the statement that students would benefit more from an education that teaches them to explore their own emotions.

Firstly, I have to admit the advantages of reasoning and logical thinking. After all, during the development of human beings’ civilization, it is people’s wise that pushes the society to process on, it is people’s ration that creats variously scientific technologies for increaing wealth, strengthening
position of economic status, and making the world smaller through globalization. For students, rational thinking is rather important, which can prevent them from being cheated by some evil minds, defend them against extreme behaviors and fanastic discourses, and encouraging them to be a truly strong and independent individuals. Last year, China has experienced a difficult time—heavy snow storm, earthquake, the interruption of Olmpic Torch, unrest in Tibet and Xin Jiang. Many rumors spreading on the Internet that were controlled by extremists and terroists and other interest groups. Unfortunately, many Chinese people have been taken advantaged. They trusted such rumors and started to fight against some innocent western corporations such as French supermarket and goods made by Japanese and Korea. All of such irrational actions have brought about much confusion and complexity and destruction to the government. Thus, here I am not to deny the importance of logical thinking.

However, compared to reasonable and logical thinkings, I prefer a person with strong but sincere emotions. People are different from machines eventually. Emotions inluding love, gratitude, satisfaction, hate, greif, disappointment, loneliness and many sorts, which cultivate an extremely
harmonious atmosphere on the planet. Only because of emotions, family members could live together and cherish each other, studenst in school could get on well and know sharing any details to friends, strangers could give hands through donating money, clothes, and endless concern to thise disadvantageous groups. Because of emotions, people can sense the sadness for the sufferings of Nanking Nanking, feel the cruelty for wars in Iraq, share the loneliness for Gu Cheng, the poet who never found a world filled with children’s memories, enjoy the pleasure for Utopia, and sympathy for Shakespeare’s playwrite. Students should be taught in school that emotions are the fountain of art, the basic need of humans and all meanings of existence.

Moreover, in the modern time, emotions seem more significant then any other time. As the technologies developing faster and faster, residents on the planet can not aviod being influenced negatively. On any corners, trains are running, cars are horning furiously, buildings are being constructed sequently, fast food are on the way, people walk through crowds quickly. Less time left to sit quietly, listen to light music, drink a cup of coffe, read a book and contemplate further. Less time remained to company family, chat with friends, help hopeless people and make romantic air for lovers. Divorces, depression, suicide are on show everyday. This is a world lacking warm actually.














To sum up, I I.//.///

无双UID: 2663935

160"The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little."
[begin]leader坚持个人原则，目的（英雄）。同意
1、LEADER当群众懦弱的时候，他勇敢起来；当群众彷徨的时候，他坚定起来；当群众背叛的时候，他忠诚起来；当群众屈服的时候，他反抗起来。这就是英雄。
无论成败，不问国籍。（李自成、华盛顿、邓小平great culture revolution）
2、举反。当过于轻信他人的leader是不qualified的，leader的character，（ability, temperament, moralty…confidence…..如何服众）。。the Shang Dynasty…DaJi.
3、坚持自己不代表什么都不听groups。。democratic..
[end]

无双UID: 2663935

121"At various times in the geological past, many species have become extinct as a result of natural, rather than human, processes. Thus, there is no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species."
[begin]物种消失的真正原因：是人类活动。
尽管科学界普遍认为，地球生命演化史经历过5次大规模的生物灭绝，虽然具体原因众说纷纭，但可以肯定的是，这些都与环境急剧变化有密切关系。除了恐龙消失之外，前五次灭绝的原因可能是小行星撞击、火山爆发或者气候骤然发生变化。
1、
2006，联合国生物多样性大会秘书长在《全球生物多样性展望》报告中说：“事实上，我们目前正在制造地球历史上的第六次大灭绝。这也是自恐龙在6500万年前消失以来规模最大的灭绝。”报告中提到，全球人口不断增加，导致了污染、城市扩张、森林遭到砍伐、“外来物种”入侵和全球变暖等诸多问题，从而对动植物的生存环境造成了破坏。估计目前的灭绝速度是历史上的1000倍。从珊瑚礁到热带雨林，各种生物都面临着日益严峻的威胁。
2、
全球人口不断增加，城市扩张，工业增长，挤占了物种生存空间。
3、
污染严重。
根据世界自然保护联盟编撰的名单，有844种动植物在过去的500年里灭绝，其中包括渡渡鸟和金蟾蜍。该联盟表示，实际灭绝数量可能远不止844种。英国皇家学会会员、剑桥大学教授西蒙·莫瑞斯说：“人类活动引起的全球气温变暖与距今约4500万年前地球经历的一次气温变暖十分相似。它们都导致了大量动植物种类灭绝。”曾经在中国南京参加第四次国际寒武纪大会的多位著名古生物学家也表示，目前物种消失与地球历史上的生物灭绝事件惊人相似，是工业革命拉开了这次生物灭绝的序幕。“除了星体撞击、全球性火山爆发等突发事件，我们正在经历的生物灭绝，比地球生命史上其他灭绝事件更为恶劣。”中国西北大学早期生命研究所所长舒德干说。这位近年来在《科学》和《自然》杂志上发表了10余篇早期生命研究文章的科学家说，以前的生物大灭绝都属于自然灾害，但这一次是人为的。科学家发现，人类活动造成的物种灭绝比自然灭绝的速度高1000倍，平均每小时就有一个物种灭绝，如夏威夷画眉和康定云杉已经消失。
４……..
[end]

无双UID: 2663935

26"Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any society's past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes. In such situations, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be served."

[When I walked through the historic Bund district of Shanghai, I am likely to be guided by a time machine. The tranditional bridges, the modern viaducts, the traditional avenues, the modern skyscrapers, the traditional residential buildings, the modern neon lights. All of them combine to form a unique visual angle that most vividly reveals the city's prosperity and vitality. Thus, I cannot agree to the statement. Tradition and modernization can be together absolutely.

1、
历史建筑物同样也是艺术品。（归于说艺术品的价值问题）
Many old buildings are cream of art.

The Great Wall
It is dramatically amazing. The Great Wall stretches over approximately 6,400 km from Shanhaiguan in the east to Lop Nur in the west.
Bricks, stones, wood. Like pyramid…people….unimaginable
Defend …it is a piece of art that filled with blood, sweat, and even life.
the residential buildings….pass on …ancestors.
Shape, materials, use paper-cut for decoration…..
2、
它有利于定义一个文化，帮助人们记住自己的归属。（同那道rituals and ceremonies definea culture）
Old buildings can define a culture of a nation.
Great Wall …diligent…courage….persistence….intelligence….Chinese traditional spirit..
3、
Put money on fire and record that by video and then hang on the Internet历史的见证。（可以和历史的意义结合）
Old buildings have witnessed the history.
南京遗址sites of Massacre in Nanking
Japanese
Sites of Yuanmingyuan Palace….the joint forces of eight imperalist powers

[end]

无双UID: 2663935

30"The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people's efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time."
[begin]反对，只关注科技发展的效率是弊大于利。
Observing our surroundings, quantities of technologies are occcupying our living spaces. Admittedly, they have brought about countless convenience and luxious, promoted the level of civilization, and fulfilled human's basic needs biologically and psychologically. However, the goal of technologies, in my opinion, should not be settled to increase people's efficiency, whose disadvantages outweigh advantages.
1、丧失独立性。
Firstly, more leisure time provided by technologies means that people lose more abilities to control their own lives. Sloth and dependency would be enlarged to an extreme extent inevitably.
Just take my life as an example. I could not get up on time without my clock, I absolutely would miss the first class if the bus misses me, I would lose my preverance and enthusiasm to accomplish my paper if once my computer abandons me. No electronic card used to consume means poverty and starvation in school. No air conditioner suggests the day is my most unbearable day. No cellphone indicates that I am lost in a dangerous iron world. See, technology has been a part of my life, without which only a narrow range of districts are available to me, with which the life can keep processing on; without which I have to be trapped in a cage, with which freedom is the most fabulous present from God. Only I know is that technology determines my existence even though I hate the feeling of being controlled.
2．传统丢失
Secondly, more leisure time that benefit from technologies also indicates that people would be more accustomed to enjoying the modern life rather than traditions. For instance, the computer, the most qualifies representative of technologies, has a complete Chinese input method with it for Chinese users. As long as such users understand how to find the related software, how to input either alphabetics or strokes, they have nothing to worry about. However, as the number of computer users increasing dramatically in China, the phenomenon that the ability to write beautiful Chinese characters are fading graduately especially among the younger generations. The characters have passed on for so many dynasties, gathering all creams of famous calligraphers, and presenting the splendid and profound 5,000-years culture of China. If such culture disappears one day, could people still find roots to stand, could Chinese people hold on their faith and ethical sentiments for ever?
Moreover, many historic sites are replaced by museums and various communication media. Is it true that people can sense the same feelings of the history by watching some photos, listening to a guide’s explanation and touching several antiques transported from their previous spots? No.
Technologies eventually could not fulfill human’s need of belonging while traditions could.
3、人情淡漠
Finally, the increased efficiency would push the whole society to run faster and faster, which eventually results in humans' personal confusion and tight relationship between others. Large numbers of cars, trucks, trains are running throughout the whole country. In factories, supervisers force workers; in governments, rulers order staffs; in schools, teachers urge students. All of them say that time is money, time is vote rate, time is success. Efficiency is a heavy burden for every social person. Thus, with less time for them to company their family members, chat with their friends, stop to give strangers a hand, less vigor for them to sit quietly, drink a cup of tea, read a book peaceful, contemplate deeply about life, death, future and dreams, the ending is eventually miserable. But that is, the human beings’ same ending.
[end]

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'Of the people, by the people, and for the people.' That was the description of the American government by Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the USA. Government is an organization that owns the authority to make and enforce laws to control people's behaviors and command the whole economic, and at the same time owns the duty to defend its nation and citizens angaist evil authorities, undertake the responsibility to protect the elder and the young, and concentrate on solving environmental problems.
Even though government is the leader when dealing with all issues, in my opinion, the public have the right to know what the government is tackling with, how it makes and carry out a range of significant measures and what the result finally is. But here I am not asking the government to reveal all information including some secret and important, I just stick that plenty of information that should be known by the public is not necessarily withheld.
1、信息公开化反映了政府对百姓的信任。
Firstly, publicity of information reflects that government gives credence to the public, only through which, the public will be willing to accept policies and trust government. Several days ago, a piece of news drew my attention. A man in Henan province in Cina finished seven applications to local government, and demanded to get information from 181 departments. This kind of behavior was totally reasonable and legal in the eyes of most people, but the reaction of the local government was so rediculous that it suspected the man's identification. He was regarded as a spy. Sarcasm! The news has aroused a heated discussion throughout the Internet. There was a huge compaign to condemn the Henan government which was organized by a group of enthusiastic and furious e-friends. Thus, China should make sufficent efforts so as to give an impulse to legislative pace on publicity of government information, or it will have to face disappoinment and critism from the public, not to mention obtain more and more supports and compliments,.
2、信息公开化可以阻止一些事态的恶化。
Moreover, if the information related to sudden plague, a series of unrest, servere employment and so on is withheld, the condition that the government encounters would be worsening. Because the public will suspect the causes and results of the issue by some unsubstantial methods, then doubt whether the government has taken appropriate measures to protect their benefits, and lastly may easily be misled by some rumours from interest groups. Hence the consequence is hard to predict. Last month, an unrest broke out in Urumqi, a captial in the western of China--Xinjiang. Quantities of rioters gathered, marched, and demonstrated. It led to hundreds of deaths even including innocent women and children. Subsequently the volence was spread on the Internet and reported on the television immediately which was authorized by the government which will prevent the public from misleading by extremism, separatism and terrorism--three groups behind the violence in time. The publicity of such information suggested that government hoped all Chinese people to realize the current condition, understand the difficulies that our brothers and sisters suffered, and clarify the truth beside the issue, stand erect as a Chinese, never be guided by the purposeful groups.
3、信息公开化能激发民众的团结心。
Finally, publicity of information can stimulate(arouse) nation's sentiment, strengthen the relationship among all members, and promote the country to a higher level. Last year, China has experienced a long period of darkness and hardness, such as the extremely freezing climate in the southern, a sudden earthquake happened in Wenchuan, the interruption of the race of Olympic torch in westen countries, and the negative influence in the economic depression. However, it was in the same period that Chinese people got together. In the heavy snow, policemen protected the safety of passengers who had to stay in stations for Spring Festivals. Even so, they were not alone. Volunteers were there. Members of local government were there. Billions of Chinese people accompanied them before the television. During the Wenchuan earthquake, news flooded in, photos posted on the Internet could not be counted. Every minute, every second, we all shared
the sadness and gratitude with the victims. Money, clothes, concern, and anxiety all have flyed to Wenchuan. The Olympic Game was the same. Bacause the publicicty of information, the heart of each Chinese get much closer. We are together.

[end]
To sum up, I insist that the government should not withhold information from the public, because the government is for the people, of the people, and by the people. Open to the public, the government can obtain the faith from its citizens, rule out all rumours from other illegal groups, and unite all people for realizing the common dream.

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5、"A nation should require all its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer."

1. 坚持全国性统一课程是必要的。Basic discipline有共同的value.ideas。distinguish
2、各个省的具体情况不同。不同地区学生的优缺点强弱项都不同，所以又区别是可以弥补的。

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63"To truly understand your own culture—no matter how you define it—requires personal knowledge of at least one other culture, one that is distinctly different from your own."
[begin]文化比较，正负负
学习方面：运用比较法有三个条件：一是必须存在两种以上的事物，二是这些事物必须有共同的基础，三是这些事物必须有不同的特性。Comparison method is one of the most popular ways of learning, which needs three factors: 1)two or more than two subjects, 2) a common base owned by these subjects, and 3)apparent differences among these subjects. Following the factors, it is clear that learning culture could take comparsion method. Thus I agree with the statement.

1、尽管，有的文化光靠比较式不可能完全认识的（比如中西文化，更需要亲身体验）；文化是subjective，一般涉及到national dignity…prior to…bias~~~disadvantageous to know..
但是不代表对比法一无是处。Kong fu…. boxing….
1、
通过比较了解足够的difference.
Christianity
Buddhism

大凡个体（诗人）与外界之间（恶）出现对立与冲突之后，总不免会产生两条道路，即redemption救赎之路与retreat隐居之路。但是自杀所代表的精神意义不同。
东方：寄情诗文、退隐田园、纵情山水、披发佯狂的中国传统文人选择的“逍遥”freedom…。。死亡时一种解脱。死亡前还要做的一般是retreat…free from feudal bureaucrat
西方："拯救"，即以原罪精神original sin为主旨的西方基督对save humanity人性的拯救以及对生存意义的不息追问。。。死亡的原因；死亡的表达，赎罪。。。
美国作家杰克·伦敦注入过量吗啡自杀…他是私生子，做过工人，当过盗贼，做过水手，做过流浪汉，参加过去日本的捕鲸船，当过囚犯，16岁就养过情妇，擅长拳击，体格健壮，信奉socialism社会主义、同时信奉Darwin达尔文和斯宾塞，曾公开的在美国各地煽动革命，后来又代表美国社会党参选过美国总统，是一个杰出的作家，资产阶级评论家称他是美国商业写作的先锋，无产阶级评论家称他是美国无产阶级文学的开路人、美国的高尔基，他还写科幻小说，代表了美国他那个时期科幻小说的最高水平，他还是一个记者，曾乔装为落难水手去英国调查………………他做了很多的事情，后来发现，原来爬上了山顶后是一片的空虚，于是就自杀了～～
中西方文人的选择方式的差异
2、通过比较获悉这个common base.(为了了解中西文化差异)suicide…
Culture…through comparison method to observe the phenomena from different culture, pu rify their common point and then deepen the understanding for one culture.

Suicide of writer……same phenomenon…society…the cause…

“诗人活在世界
上，从个体意义上讲，他不得不面对emptiness虚无，孤独loneliness，寒冷cold和dark黑夜；从social 社会政治意义上讲，他不得不面对这个世界的恶evil authorities。” 诗人自杀表明了其内在信念inner faith的break倒塌，是信仰危机事件crisis of faith，或者说，正是诗人自身所坚持的价值和意义的覆灭直接带来了诗人的覆灭。在各个时代ages，不同的背景background，不同信仰的诗人自杀的原由均是此。Quyuan, poet of Chu,
未来生活的绝对目的理想perfection毁掉了Gucheng(一个永远拒绝物质生活的诗人，写着蓝天碧水的孩子)，而Kafka干脆死于写作本身。

TOPIC: ISSUE63 - "To truly understand your own culture-no matter how you define it-requires personal knowledge of at least one other culture, one that is distinctly different from your own."
WORDS: 499
TIME: 00:45:00
DATE: 2009-8-21 21:39:54

Comparison method is a popular method of learning, which has three factors, 1)two or more two subjects used to compare, 2)a common base of such subjects, and 3)apparent differences among such subjects. In my eyes, for learning one kind of culture, comparison method can be taken because culture is a wide combination of psychological elements including law, custom, art, faith, national sentiments and so on, which cannot be separated completely from one another culture. Thus, I almost agree with the statement.

At the beginning, I have to admit that not only comparison could provide adequate information for learners and whether such information is apprapriate is also uncertain. After all, some culture should be understand truly through personal practise. For example, if one desires to sense the scream of traditional culture of China totally, it is useless to compare the difference between Chinese festivals and western festivals for which could just inform him/her something superficial instead of deep thoughts, while the person determines to travel in some conventional town of China, live with local people and spend a festival together, which is the most direct method. Additionally, comparison is usually based on some psychology that one subject is prior to another, lending to a bias for further understanding.

However, comparison method has its advantage eventually. Through comparing various phenomena of different culture, learners could find out the distinguish in detail, then analysis the cause and result of each situation. For example, when literatiors from western countries and eastern countries encounter the contradition and conflict with the out world, these group have own typical approaches to solve--the former choose redemption, while the latter prefer retreat. In ancient age, Chinese literatiors...were relatively weak to fight against the out world, the breau, the poverty under the influence of Buddhism principles. Some of them retreated to live in remote mountains or forests from the natural love for nature and hate for uneasy in the society. Some were hopeless or dissatisfied of the sufferings from the evil authorities to choose avoidness. On the contrary, during the history, western literatior were almost revolutionaries. They obeyed the Christanity which was regarded
original sin as the basic notion, and determined to seek the way of personal redemption through questioning humanity, solving puzzles all the way.
For example, Jack London, famous writer of America. Is the classic model. He was a bastard, ever sold labor. He was caught into prison for robbery, also stirred up the revolution of extremeness in public. He also participated presidential election. He wrote fictions, he believed in socielism. He set foot in business criticism. But after so complicated experiences, he found, in a sudden, all things were empty, he had lost in the way of redemption. Finally he chosed suicide.

Furthermore, after obtaining sufficent distinguish of the access to solve the ideological confilct with the outside, learners could continue apply the comparison method for purifying the common background of such phenomena.
Western and eastern literoaja, no matter they choose retreat or redemption, some of them still could not avoid suicide. It actually have a common explanation.
The

To sum up, I insist to hold my opinion that for understandng one culture, learners should compare it with another, even though maybe this method is not suitful for any situation, and easy to bring about discrimination in judgment. Because taking comparison method is useful for learners to grasp both the difference and common of two culture, for deepen the thoughts about own culture to largest extent.


[end]
To sum up, I insist that /./…

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94"Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study because acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated."
Agree
Literature, art, technologies, science, philosophy, psychology,
Admittedly, study one discipline…specific….
However, for students in my mind, emotional quotient..intelligent quotient..should combine ration with emotions. ../..

拒写教育类了。。。烦~~~