1006G[REBORN FROM THE ASHES组]备考日记 by dingyi0311——改变从现在开始

dingyi0311UID: 2627919

以后改掉拖拉的毛病，最后的战斗，战斗到最后！

dingyi0311UID: 2627919

按要求空此楼

dingyi0311UID: 2627919

以前总没有好好想这些东西，拿着题目就开始写，没有条理，这次认认真真看一遍

As a writer, you can begin by asking yourself questions and then answering them. Your answers will bring your subject into focus and provide you with the material to develop your topic. Here are twenty questions or "thought starters" that present ways of observing or thinking about your topic. Each question generates the type of essay listed in parentheses after the question.

1. What does X mean? (Definition)
恩，这些定义以后要好好收集整理
2. What are the various features of X? (Description)
一个好得领导人得feature？一个创新精神得人得feature？
3. What are the component parts of X? (Simple Analysis)
现在的科技进展是由那些组成得?
4. How is X made or done? (Process Analysis)
如何合作，如何创新，如何选择
5. How should X be made or done? (Directional Analysis)
政治是如何进行得
6. What is the essential function of X? (Functional Analysis)
作用，政治的作用，艺术得作用，经验得作用
7. What are the causes of X? (Causal Analysis) BE EACW
原因分析
8. What are the consequences of X? (Causal Analysis)
结果
9. What are the types of X? (Classification)
分类讨论？
10. How is X like or unlike Y? (Comparison)
可以用来做类比论证
11. What is the present status of X? (Comparison)
我觉得是现状，背景？
12. What is the significance of X? (Interpretation)
最显著得特征，描述
13. What are the facts about X? (Reportage)
举例
14. How did X happen? (Narration)
叙述举例的起源和经过
15. What kind of person is X? (Characterization/Profile)
传统conservative的人得特点，开放extroversive的人的特点
16. What is my personal response to X? (Reflection)
这个是个人得立场吧
17. What is my memory of X? (Reminiscence)
回忆相关的知识和信息
18. What is the value of X? (Evaluation)
学习历史的作用
19. What are the essential major points or features of X? (Summary)
跟前面得feature差不多
20. What case can be made for or against X? (Persuasion)
这个是想例子吧

dingyi0311UID: 2627919

11月8日，想了下10个issue 20个argument
早上把考试得内容背了一半
想背3个list单词没有背。。。


明天计划10个issue 20个argument 看题，背3个list
考试得内容完整背一遍，今天看书得时候觉得有点无聊就用手机上了下网，浪费了好多时间。罪过罪过啊

dingyi0311UID: 2627919

今天复习没有用手机上网，不过效率不
高昨天布置得作业基本上都完成了，就是argument看了16篇
明天下午考试晚上有课，就只布置背3个list得单词，然后再回来做网上得作业吧

dingyi0311UID: 2627919

我得心理素质就是很差，不知道怎么办，每次大考就砸，特别是最后几分钟，一紧张就大脑空白了。。。。
不知道除了下面得还有没有锻炼心里素质得好方法
Coping with Writing Anxiety
Many situations or activities, such as writing, taking tests, competing in sports, or speaking before a large audience, may make us anxious or apprehensive. It's important to remember that a moderate level of anxiety is helpful and productive. That flow of adrenaline is a natural response that helps get us ready for action. Without it, we might not perform as well.
If we let our anxiety overwhelm us, it can cause problems. If we control that anxiety, however, we can make it work for us. One way to do that is to use some of the coping strategies listed below.
Coping Strategies:

Focus your energy by rehearsing the task in your head.
Consciously stop the non-productive comments（没用的思路） running through your head by replacing them with productive ones.
If you have some "rituals（仪式）" for writing success, use them.
Examples:
-Follow a protocol you may have for organizing your time. Use a favorite pen if you have one. （回忆模板，摸摸自己的幸运物）
-Spend a few minutes doing some relaxation exercises. （做运动）
-Take a break: physically walk away from the situation for a few minutes if you can. （溜达溜达）
Relaxation Strategies
Stretch伸展! If you can't stand up, stretch as many muscle groups as possible while staying seated. （不要吓到邻座...）
Try tensing and releasing various muscle groups. Starting from your toes, tense up for perhaps five to ten seconds and then let go. Relax and then go on to another muscle group.
Breathe deeply. Close your eyes; then, fill your chest cavity slowly by taking four of five short deep breaths. Hold each breath until it hurts, and then let it out slowly.
Use a calming word or mental image to focus on while relaxing. If you choose a word, be careful not to use an imperative. Don't command yourself to "Calm down!" or "Relax!"

dingyi0311UID: 2627919

我想我可以试下最后几条，我觉得把自己说得录音下来再看是个很好得建议,有几条很搞人啊
Symptoms and Cures for Writer's Block  对于神经性写作便秘的症状介绍及治疗建议
Because writers have various ways of writing, a variety of things can cause a writer to experience anxiety, and sometimes this anxiety leads to writer's block. Often a solution can be found by speaking with your instructor (if you are in school), or a writing tutor. There are some common causes of writer's block, however, and when you are blocked, consider these causes and try the strategies that sound most promising:
Symptom
You have attempted to begin a paper without doing any preliminary work such as brainstorming or outlining...
Possible Cures
Use invention strategies suggested by a tutor or teacher
Write down all the primary ideas you'd like to express and then fill in each with the smaller ideas that make up each primary idea. This can easily be converted into an outline
Symptom
You have chosen or been assigned a topic which bores you....
Possible Cures
Choose a particular aspect of the topic you are interested in (if the writing situation will allow it...i.e. if the goal of your writing can be adjusted and is not given to you specifically, or if the teacher or project coordinator will allow it)
Talk to a tutor about how you can personalize a topic to make it more interesting
Symptom
You don't want to spend time writing or don't understand the assignment...
Possible Cures
Resign yourself to the fact that you have to write
Find out what is expected of you (consult a teacher, textbook, student, tutor, or project coordinator)
Look at some of the strategies for writing anxiety listed below
Symptom
ou are anxious about writing the paper...
Possible Cures
Focus your energy by rehearsing the task in your head.
Consciously stop the non-productive comments running through your head by replacing them with productive ones.
If you have some "rituals" for writing success (chewing gum, listening to jazz etc.), use them.
Symptom
You are so stressed out you can't seem to put a word on the page...
Possible Cures
Stretch! If you can't stand up, stretch as many muscle groups as possible while staying seated.
Try tensing and releasing various muscle groups. Starting from your toes, tense up for perhaps five to ten seconds and then let go. Relax and then go on to another muscle group.
Breathe deeply. Close your eyes; then, fill your chest cavity slowly by taking four of five short deep breaths. Hold each breath until it hurts, and then let it out slowly.
Use a calming word or mental image to focus on while relaxing. If you choose a word, be careful not to use an imperative. Don't command yourself to "Calm down!" or "Relax!"
Symptom
You're self-conscious about your writing, you may have trouble getting started. So, if you're preoccupied with the idea that you have to write about a subject and feel you probably won't express yourself well...
Possible Cures
Talk over the subject with a friend or tutor.
assure yourself that the first draft doesn't have to be a work of genius, it is something to work with.
Force yourself to write down something, however poorly worded, that approximates your thought (you can revise this later) and go on with the next idea.
Break the task up into steps. Meet the general purpose first, and then flesh out the more specific aspects later.
Try one of the strategies on the next page of this resource.
Other Strategies for Getting Over Writer's BlockIf you have tried the other strategies and are still having problems, try some of these general techniques for getting over writer's block. These strategies will prove more helpful when you're drafting your writing.
Begin in the MiddleStart writing at whatever point you like. If you want to begin in the middle, fine. Leave the introduction or first section until later. The reader will never know that you wrote the paper "backwards." Besides, some writers routinely save the introduction until later when they have a clearer idea of what the main idea and purpose of the piece will be.
Talk Out the PaperTalking feels less artificial than writing to some people. Talk about what you want to write someone—your teacher, a friend, a roommate, or a tutor. Just pick someone who's willing to give you fifteen to thirty minutes to talk about the topic and whose main aim is to help you start writing. Have the person take notes while you talk or tape your conversation. Talking will be helpful because you'll probably be more natural and spontaneous in speech than in writing. Your listener can ask questions and guide you as you speak, and you'll be more likely to relax and say something unpredictable than if that you were sitting and forcing yourself to write.
Tape the PaperTalk into a tape recorder, imagining your audience sitting in front of you. Then, transcribe the tape-recorded material. You'll at least have some ideas written down to work with and move around.
Change the AudiencePretend that you're writing to a child, to a close friend, to a parent, to a person who sharply disagrees with you, or to someone who's new to the subject and needs to have you explain your paper's topic slowly and clearly. Changing the audience can clarify your purpose and can also make you feel more comfortable and help you write more easily.
Play a RolePretend you are someone else writing the paper. For instance, if you have been asked to write about sexist advertising, assume you are the president of the National Organization of Women. Or, pretend you are the president of a major oil company asked to defend the high price of oil. Consider being someone in another time period, or someone with a wildly different perspective from your own. Pulling yourself out of your usual perspective can help you see things that are otherwise invisible or difficult to articulate, and your writing will be stronger for it.（值得一试得建议）

dingyi0311UID: 2627919

明天的任务是
1继续记单词，把单词背3个list
2把学校老师布置的翻译论文的作业做了
315个argument  5个issue
明天得效率要继续提高

dingyi0311UID: 2627919

今天上了一天得课，把最新单词背完了，看了15个argument
明天把预测词汇背完
做学校作业
看argument 和 issue
有时间做小组得作业
明天开始拼命了！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！

dingyi0311UID: 2627919

Planning (Invention): when you start to write
You can try the textbook formula:
I. State your thesis.
II. Write an outline.
III. Write the first draft.
IV. Revise and polish.
but that often doesn't work!这个是实话，书上说的好多都是does not work 的
Instead, you can try one or more of these strategies:
Ask yourself what your purpose is for writing about the subject.
There are many "correct" things to write about for any subject, but you need to narrow down your choices. For example, your topic might be "dorm food." At this point, you and your potential reader are asking the same question, "So what?" Why should you write about this, and why should anyone read it?
Do you want the reader to pity you because of the intolerable food you have to eat there?
Do you want to analyze large-scale institutional cooking?
Do you want to compare Purdue's dorm food to that served at Indiana University?
Ask yourself how you are going to achieve this purpose.
How, for example, would you achieve your purpose if you wanted to describe some movie as the best you've ever seen? Would you define for yourself a specific means of doing so? Would your comments on the movie go beyond merely telling the reader that you really liked it?
Start the ideas flowing
Brainstorm. Gather as many good and bad ideas, suggestions, examples, sentences, false starts, etc. as you can. Perhaps some friends can join in. Jot down everything that comes to mind, including material you are sure you will throw out. Be ready to keep adding to the list at odd moments as ideas continue to come to mind.
Talk to your audience, or pretend that you are being interviewed by someone -- or by several people, if possible (to give yourself the opportunity of considering a subject from several different points of view). What questions would the other person ask? You might also try to teach the subject to a group or class.
See if you can find a fresh analogy that opens up a new set of ideas. Build your analogy by using the word like. For example, if you are writing about violence on television, is that violence like clowns fighting in a carnival act (that is, we know that no one is really getting hurt)?
Take a rest and let it all percolate.
Nutshell （概括？）your whole idea.
Tell it to someone in three or four sentences.
Diagram your major points somehow.
Make a tree, outline, or whatever helps you to see a schematic representation of what you have. You may discover the need for more material in some places.
Write a first draft.
Then, if possible, put it away. Later, read it aloud or to yourself as if you were someone else. Watch especially for the need to clarify or add more information.
You may find yourself jumping back and forth among these various strategies.
You may find that one works better than another. You may find yourself trying several strategies at once. If so, then you are probably doing something right!（恩，修改很重要，我以前写了都不想改。。。。。。）

dingyi0311UID: 2627919

明天又是一天得课。。。要死啊
明天的任务是
把单词看10个list
晚上做小组作业看新闻
issue5  argument10

dingyi0311UID: 2627919

Writing With Computers
Using word processing software on a computer is an efficient way to write. You can delete, revise, and cut and paste with great ease and speed, without having to retype, and you will find your drafts easier to read as you revise. Even if you cannot type well (and many successful computer users can't), a computer can be both a convenience and an aid throughout the writing process. But remember to save your files often and make a backup copy of the file, even when you've carefully saved it. Disks can fail and not open, and files can be deleted or lost.
Word processing software can aid your efforts in all aspects of the writing process:
Planning
reewriting
If freewriting or brainstorming is a useful invention strategy for you, do either invention strategy on a computer using word processing software. You can then cut and paste parts of those planning notes into a draft as needed. Some writers find that they can freewrite more easily by turning down the computer screen, so they cannot see what they type. You may also want to create separate files for different topics discovered while freewriting.有时候随意写得东西真得很搓啊。。。思想简单语句不通。。。
writing an e-mail message
As you think about your assignment or topic, try writing an e-mail message to a friend, to someone in your class, or to a Writing Lab tutor . Use that e-mail message to test ideas as you would in a conversation with peer group members or a tutor. Encourage the person who receives the e-mail to ask you questions that help you clarify your ideas.没有人可以让我写啊。。。。
making an outline
Set up headings for an outline in large bold letters. Later, as you go back and fill in the subheadings and sub points, you will be able to see the larger structure of the paper. Some word processing programs either outline for you or permit you to indicate the outline headings in a way that allows you to go back and forth between a screen showing only the headings and screens showing the detailed material within sections.
planning visually
Use a drawing or painting program to do some visual planning. To do some clustering, put a topic word or phrase in a circle in the middle of the page and then surround that circle with clusters of related ideas (also in circles). Use lines to connect these ideas to the main idea or to other sub-ideas. To try branching, another visual planning strategy, put the main idea at the top of the page and then list sub-ideas underneath the main idea with related points for each sub-idea branching off.（呵呵，这个，好傻好可爱啊）
keeping a journal
If keeping a journal helps you, start a journal file for each assignment and include thoughts and questions that occur to you as you proceed through the writing. Include a plan for how you will proceed through the assignment, and if there are stages or steps to complete, write a "to do" list. Include phrases and ideas that occur to you and that may fit into the paper later with some cutting and pasting from one file to another. You may want to insert page breaks for different sections or thoughts.
Drafting
creating a scrapfile这个主意很好，我原来也想，但是总是保留不下来
As you start an assignment, make two separate files, one for the assignment itself and the other for scraps of writing that you will be collecting. As you write (or plan) use the scrap file to cut and paste anything that doesn't seem to fit in as you write. This scrap file can be a very useful storage space for material that should be deleted from the paper you are writing now but that may be useful for other writing assignments. You may also want a separate file for keywords, words that come to mind and that can be used when needed or phrases that may come in handy as section headings in your paper.
splitting screens
If you are using a Macintosh or Windows, you can have multiple files visible on your screen at the same time. Consider this strategy if it helps you to look at one bit of information while trying to create another. One box on the screen can display your outline or visual planning while another can display your draft. Or, you can keep your scrap file visible while writing a draft. Remember that you can cut, copy, and paste between files.
adding notes很好得建议
As you gather material from your reading (or want to save comments to yourself about something you've written), develop a method to store this kind of material that you may or may not use. For example, put parentheses around material that might not stay in a later draft, or use bold lettering, or make use of a word processing feature that permits you to store material as notes. Be sure to delete this material when you are sure you no longer want it.（等我笔记本电脑来了，我一定要把这些都用上）Organizing
mixing up the order of paragraphs or sentences
Make a new copy of your file. Then, in the new file, use the cut-and-paste feature to move paragraphs. You may see a better organizing principle than the principle you had been using. Do the same with sentences within paragraphs.
checking your outline
Look again at the bold-lettered headings of the outline you made during planning (or create one now), and reassess whether that outline is adequate or well organized.
staying on topic in every paragraph
Put your topic sentence at the top of each paragraph to keep the sentence in mind and not lose track of your topic.恩，防止跑题Revising
starting at the beginning of the file
Each time you open a file, you are at the beginning of the draft. Start there when you are drafting and revising and read until you come to a section where you will be working. That rereading has several advantages for you. It helps you get back into the flow of thought, and it permits you to review what you've written so that you can revise as you read forward. But be careful not to get caught up in endless revising of the beginning of the paper, especially if like some writers, you find that you need to write the whole paper before you can write the introduction.
renaming a file

Each time you open your file, save it as a different file so that you always know which is the most recent version you've worked on. If your first draft is Draft I, the next time you open that file, save it as Draft II.
saving copies of material to cut and paste
When you are moving large blocks of text, highlight what you are going to move and make a copy for your clipboard before moving. if you lose the portion you are moving, you still have a copy available.
printing out hard copies to read
It may help you to look at a printed copy of your paper as you revise, so you can see the paper's development and organization.钱哪~~~~
resisting the neat appearance of a printout
If you print out a draft of your paper, resist the temptation to hand in that draft because it looks neat and seems to have a finished appearance.
using page or print view to check paragraphs
Switch to the page or print view so that you can see the whole view of each page on screen. Do the paragraphs look to be about the same length? Does one look noticeably shorter than the others? Does it need more development? Is there a paragraph that seems to be disproportionately long?
highlighting sentence length
Make a copy of your main file and, using that copy, hit the return key after each sentence so that each looks like a separate paragraph. Are all of your sentences the same length? Do they all start the same way and need some variety?（原来外国人写东西也会出现这个问题，我以为只有中国人写外文才会这样啊）
Editing and Proofreading
using online tools
A number of online tools exist, such as spell checkers, grammar checkers and style analyzers, but grammar and style checkers are not effective. Distinguishing between appropraite advice and inappropriate advice is difficult and a styke checker relies on rules you may not be familiar with. Some word processing programs include a thesaurus which is useful for looking up synonyms for words you've been using too much or for finding more specific words than the ones you have used.（这个word里面就有啊）
changing the appearance of key features of your writing
Change active verbs to bold letters, put passive constructions in italics, use larger fonts for descriptive words, underline your thesis statement, and so on. By changing the appearance of these features, you may see that you have too many passives or that you don't have many descriptive words.
editing on hard copy
It may be easier for you to print out a draft and mark it for editing changes. If you do, put marks in the margins to indicate lines where changes are to be made, so you can easily find them again.

dingyi0311UID: 2627919

昨天的任务完成得不太好，明天星期流加油了~
白天看issue argument
背单词10list
看小组作业

dingyi0311UID: 2627919

今天鼻炎又发了，流了一天得鼻涕，效率太低，明天吧药带着，好好学~
明天星期天，加油咧，任务跟今天一样~~

dingyi0311UID: 2627919

今天的任务是完成了，没看见小组布置得作业，晕，明天早上做起来
早上一片issue 一篇argument