1006G备考日记 by rodgood——生命因奋斗而绽放灿烂

rodgoodUID: 2619326

终于可以真正开始自己杀G的旅程了。从几个月来盲目的走马观花，到现在满腔的必胜斗志，我在寄托找到了战友的温暖，找到了草木大哥的鼓励和用心。或者说，我又找到了自己。
     一直以来都没有把杀G作为一个严肃目标，尽管早早地报了名，也从来没有好好当成一回事。背单词放松了，总能给自己找到理由开脱。总是想，当初考研我都经历过，也就那么回事，考G就是一次尝试，自己的前程也可以不用太依赖它，用不着那样背水一战似的折磨自己。自己经历了，其他也就无所谓。
     但是，我发现错了。来到寄托这个温暖的大家庭，我感到很惭愧，深深的惭愧。原来杀G不仅仅是杀G，考试也不仅仅是考试。这是一个用努力找寻自我的过程，是一次用奋斗绽放灿烂生命的机会。我不可以因为暂时的舒适而懒惰，也不能坐吃山空放弃前进的脚步，我的生活不能像过去的一年多以来那样没有目标。
     这是我杀G吹响的号角。我要在这里记录我的笔记，我的心情，我的成绩，还有我的郁闷，我的错误，我的抓狂。
     谢谢草木老大，谢谢各位战友。
     生命因奋斗而绽放灿烂，与君共勉。

rodgoodUID: 2619326

啊空

rodgoodUID: 2619326

又要出外场做实验了，又是几天没网了。我的G~~~~~~~~~~~

rodgoodUID: 2619326

哇咔咔，我回来啦！！:loveliness:
还好没有在外场呆多久，还好自己准备充分，打印了几个作业的专题过去看。
奇怪寝室为什么晚上上不了寄托呢？只好在记事本上整理了这两天写在纸上的笔记。
下面开始贴~~~~~~~~~~~

rodgoodUID: 2619326

自己的笔记好多都是自己的理解和看法，也不晓得对不对呢？就当做抛砖引玉吧，各位战友可以参考和比较，非常欢迎拍砖哈~~~先谢过啦~~~~

11.10---Thesis主题句

Dos:
表明立场，具体，并且中心明确，表明自己的观点和结论，出现在开头段的末尾，同时提示读者作者的行文思路．
Don’ts:
不要说废话，说空话，说大话，不要出现第一人称，不要含糊不清．


1.T不能简单地陈述一个事实，而要发表自己的assertion。这样既便于自己继续论述，还便于readers去反驳。

2.在T中发表assertion的同时，需要focus on一个特定的范围，即具体化。

3.一个本来很simple的so what question可以在加入自己的论据和论点后变得不再simple。
  在推出自己assertion的过程中，最好有“while”“because,” “since,” “so,” “although,” “unless,” and “however.”    类似的词语。这样既便于缩小论述范围，突出中心论点，又有利于自己展开，还有利于读者根据推出过程及结论进行怀疑和反驳。

4.避免是用good,bad,positive,negative，it seems等模糊的词句，以及，"all" or "none" or "every"等绝对的词句。

5.好的T应该在便于论述的前提下吸引眼球。于是需要1）与流行观点和反对观点相比较;2）perseption versus reality;3)cause versus effect;4)challenges;5)raise a question

rodgoodUID: 2619326

11.10---倒装

首先提个问题请教大家
Never before has such a high standard been achieved.
请问：这里的before可不可以放在最后呢？即：Never has such a high standard been achieved before. 谢谢解答！！

1. There comes the rest of the party. 这里的comes等同于is.

2. I don't eat meat and neither does Tom.

3. Nor will I deny that.

绝大多数倒装只需要调换顺序，但是if引导的（包含were,had,should的）条件状语从句，可以将if省略：
1. Weren't for their assistance, we wouldn't be able to do so well.
2. Had we got there earlier, we would have caught the train.
3. Should Mary call, say that I'll be back in an hour.

否定意义的副词放句首表强调：
1. Never could he know what she had suffered.
2. Never before has such a high standard been achieved.
请问：这里的before可不可以放在最后呢？即：Never has such a high standard been achieved before. 谢谢解答！！

个别表程度的副词也可放在句首倒装：
1. Often would she weep when alone.
2. Bitterly did he repent that decision.
3. Gladly would I give my life to save child.

表示否定、唯一的介词短语提前倒装：
1. On no account must we give up the attempt.
2. Under no circumstances could we agree to such a principle.
3. Only in this way...
4. In vain, not until, at no point等等

表示方向的补语提前来生动表达：
1. In came a girl she had never seen before.
2. Up went the arrow into the air.
3. Down flew the eagle to seize the chicken.

现在分词和过去分词短语提前：
1. Lying on the floor was a boy aged about seventeen.
2. The most widely distributed people is the Hui people.
3. Hidden underground is a wealth of gold,silver,lead and zinc.

其他：
1. Long live world peace!
2. Very grateful we are for your help.
3. A very reliable person he is, to be sure.

rodgoodUID: 2619326

想请教草木大哥一个问题哈~~
刚才看了下大家的笔记帖，大多都是在原教程上进行批注笔记。
但是额比较习惯最后总结和提问。
请问是应该使用大家的方法还是用自己的方法也可以呢？
谢谢~~~

rodgoodUID: 2619326

11.10---0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第三期——冠词、数词https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=960977&highlight=

首先请教大家一个问题：
1.既然专有名词，山川河流等等前都需要加定冠词the，那节日前为什么不需要加the呢？

2.They made him __ king. 解答说表示某人职位时不加冠词。那么如果这里是大写的King呢？表示了唯一的大王了，是不是就应该加the了呢？

谢谢解答！！

以下情况下加the
1.世界上独一无二的事物前：
  the world, the moon
2.专有名词前
  the Communist Party of China
3.山川河流前
  the Yellow river
4.乐器前
5.单数可数名词前用the表示一类人或物
  The tree is a kind of plant.
  The camel is a useful animal.

注意以下区别：
in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院里
go to sea出海/go to the sea去海边
on earth究竟/on the earth在地球上，在世上
in front of在……(外部的)前面/in the front of在……(内部的)前面
take place发生/take the place(of)代替
at table进餐/at the table在桌子旁
by sea乘船/by the sea在海边
in future从今以后，将来/in the future未来
go to school(church…)上学(做礼拜…)/go to the school(church…)到学校(教堂…)去
on horseback骑着马/on the horseback在马背上
two of us我们当中的两人/the two of us我们两人(共计两人)
out of question毫无疑问/out of the question不可能的，办不到的
next year明年/the next year 第二年
a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一个人)/a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两个人)

倍数表达：
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.
This desk is twice as large as that one.

运算表达：
7 times 8 is 56.
7 multiplied by 8 is 56.
8 divided by 4 is 2.

**many a 和 more than one + 单数名词时，谓语用单数。
eg. Many a student in this class has hoped a holiday.
a + 单数名词 + or two 谓语用单数. one or two + 复数名词 谓语用复数
eg. One word or two was missed in this article.
    One or two words were missed in this article.

speak English   
speak the English language

He use to be a teacher and later he tured writer. turn 后面一般不要冠词。

I was born in the 1980's.
I'm living in Room 202.

年月日的表示与表达：
November 12, 2009= Nov. 12th, 2009
但是都读成 November 12th, 2009

emteddybearUID: 2699606

恩，看了你的笔记，很好嘛，哈哈哈

rodgoodUID: 2619326

11.13---基础写作每日一讲（7）段落TS和逻辑顺序标志词
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-933473-1-1.html

看了东西总是想提点问题
Bridge sentences 要比复合句类型的TS短小，是简单句。可以放在段与段之间，独立成段。
请问：可以这样理解Bridge sentences吗？谢谢


还是不太习惯把整篇文章贴上来，那样倒把我的感悟笔记淹没咯~~嘿

TS和signposts对于writer和reader都是非常重要的。它支撑了文章的结构。对于writer是一个有用的diagnostic tools，对于reader是一个essential guide.

怎样去写TS呢？问自己两个问题吧~~Think of these sentences as asking and answering two critical questions: How does the phenomenon you're discussing operate? Why does it operate as it does?

TS不能是一成不变的，形式多样的TS是鼓励的
于是乎，有下面四种形式的TS：
1.Complex sentences.
    在复合句中承上启下很方便，放在段首也很明显。但是用多了也不好吧，所以可以用用下面的几招。
2.Questions.
  原来提问也可以作为topic sentence,当然后面的回答就是围绕提问的论述咯
3.Bridge sentences.
   Like questions, "bridge sentences" (the term is John Trimble's) make an excellent   substitute for more formal topic sentences. Bridge sentences indicate both what came before and what comes next (they "bridge" paragraphs) without the formal trappings of multiple clauses: "But there is a clue to this puzzle."  
Bridge sentences 要比第一种短小，而且是简单句。放在段与段之间，独立成段。
请问：可以这样理解Bridge sentences吗？谢谢
4.pivots.
  TS不一定都是在段首，通常用于反证段落中，这时叫做pivot.但是pivot隐藏在段中不易发现，所以需要but, yet, however等等转折标志词或转折句子。

自己对signposts的理解： signposts 的作用在于提醒readers本文的主要观点，主要写作目的，以及中心思想，提醒完以后告诉readers接下来将会怎样行文，如将要介绍背景了，或要继续深化论述了，或要进行反驳了等等。等于是给读者一个阅读的思路，不至于迷路。
它和TS的区别是TS是一个段的中心句，而signposts是一个意群的中心句（一段或几段话）。它的位置可以在段首，也可以是整段；长度可以随意，只要起作用就行。

草木也知愁UID: 2487572

想请教草木大哥一个问题哈~~
刚才看了下大家的笔记帖，大多都是在原教程上进行批注笔记。
但是额比较习惯最后总结和提问。
请问是应该使用大家的方法还是用自己的方法也可以呢？
谢谢~~~
rodgood 发表于 2009-11-13 00:37

自己的就行~

rodgoodUID: 2619326

11.13---0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第二期——情态动词
https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=960678&highlight=

个人以为，情态动词的使用很大程度上还是在于语感吧，大家认为呢？

1.成语 may/might as well  不妨
  eg. If it is the case, you may as well have a try.

2. must 表肯定推测
1)推测现在：must be +状态 ， must be doing
2)推测过去：must have done, must have been doing
   
  can't, could't 表否定推测

3.needn't have done, would have done, had better have done, ought to have done, should have done, may/might have done
  都表示对过去的意见

4. would rather...than= would... rarther than
   would rather=would sooner=had rather=had sooner

5. be to, have to
   在疑问句、否定句中需要do等助动词协助

   ought to可以不用do等协助。eg. Ought he to see a heart specialist at once?
   used to可用可不用。eg. Did Tom use to go to work by bus?  Used Tom to go to work by bus?

6. dare作情态动词（疑问句，否定句，条件句中）和实意动词时后面的to都可以省略。
   need作情态动词（疑问句，否定句，条件句中）时to可以省略，作实意动词时（如陈述句中）to不能省略。

7.亮观点时少用can,多用will, may, might probably, may probable
  少用should, 多用be to do, shall to do, be expected to do, need to do

8. be able to 可用于任何时态
   can, could 只能用于现在或过去

rodgoodUID: 2619326

11.4---0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】汇总贴 & DAY I 主谓一致
https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=959505&highlight=

感悟：主谓一致，重点在于找主语，以及作为主语的短语的重心。重心找准了，谓语的单复数就容易确定啦~~~还有，确定了单复数还不能得意忘形，还要检查事态正确与否，额就经常犯这个毛病哈~~;P

Let's go

不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。

There is much water in the thermos.

但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
这倒是被忽略了。切记切记。也可以这样理解，这里coal在of之后，单从语法上讲是修饰ten thousand tons的，所以当然用复数了。

The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.
这里的主语其实是industry，iron 和 steel 其实是修饰industry的，而且只有一个the,当然是单数了，如练习题中有两个the时，就用复数了：
8. The great writer and professor ___is____ (is) going to our school next week. 可能writer和professor是同一个人

9. The scientist and the engineer ___have____ (have) invented a new machine.可能scientist和engineer是不同的两个人。

There be 和 Here be Either… or… neither… nor…,not only . . . But also，not . . . But都采用就近原则。就近就是单纯的就近，如果是疑问句，句子倒装了，也不用还原，直接看就近就行了。如练习：
12. --- ___Is____ (be) either she or you to go and attend the meeting?


This kind of，a piece of，this pair of等短语作主语
①This pair of trousers are very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. (×）
②This pair of trousers is very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. (√)

[解析] trousers作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但当它被this pair of修饰时谓语动词由pair的单复数确定。因此第②句正确。
特别提醒 this kind of，a piece of，a bag of，a box of等，这类短语作主语时谓语动词的单复数由这些短语中的名词决定，而与它们所修饰的名词无关。
这里还是要归结到主语的判断上来了。这些句子的主语都是诸如this kind of, a piece of, a bag of, a box of, a pair of 等等，of 之后的名词不都是修饰前面的kind, piece, bag吗？所以，只要注意到主语是前面的词，那就该由他们决定谓语了啊~~~~~~


with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。

The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.

He as well as I wants to go boating.
说白了，这些短语的重心都在前面，后面都是顺带说的，当然就要以前面为准了。哈哈，可以这样理解不？

在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。
All is right. (一切顺利。)
All are present.
(所有人都到齐了。)
所以需要联系一下上下文来考虑了


family, team, crowd, crew等名词的谓语单复数要看具体指代，但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。
Are there any police around?
哦~~ 这里的police, cattle, poultry 和people是一类词语啊？！以前只对people有感觉，现在厉害咯


a number of +复数 用复数动词
the number of +复数 the majority of + 复数  看做整体，用单数动词

在一些短语，如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。
注意注意注意~~~~Many a 一个有一个，more than one 许多  看似都是表示复数的，但是多用单数

Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书。

More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。


News 自己要注意了，一直以为是和people，cattle, poultry, police 一样的复数词语呢！！！
News是单数词~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


There is a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it？ (√)
There ________ (be) a few sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see them？那又会怎么样呢。
哈哈，这里的it, them 不是露馅了嘛~~~~不过还是要仔细注意了，开始还以为a little sheep是指一些羊呢，罪过罪过。Sheep是单复数同形，当然用few了。

KiKi~淇水滺滺UID: 2679824

啦啦啦~回踩一下~笔记做很好啊~加油~

emteddybearUID: 2699606

恩，好像确实是这个意思哈
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10# rodgood