这几日读AW INTRO的小结:
1. 一休的主要任务。
the Issue Task:
Your task is to present a compelling case for your own position on the issue. 对某一问题清晰有力的表达自己的观点和立场
Be sure to read the claim carefully and think about it from several points of view, considering the complexity of ideas associated with those perspectives. Then, make notes about the position you want to develop and list the main reasons and examples that you could use to support that position.
2. 切入方式
The Issue task allows considerable latitude in the way you respond to the claim. Although it is important that you address the central issue, you are free to take any approach you wish. For example, you might(这些切入点可以都试着思考思考)
• agree absolutely with the claim, disagree completely, or agree with some parts and not others(立场的选择)
• question the assumptions the statement seems to be making (质疑假设)
• qualify any of its terms, especially if the way you define or apply a term is important to developing your perspective on the issue (可以合理的自行定义关键词)
• point out why the claim is valid in some situations but not in others (分情况讨论)
• evaluate points of view that contrast with your own perspective (结合自身经历写)
• develop your position with reasons that are supported by several relevant examples or by a single extended example (用多个相关的例子或详述一个例子都可)
之后说到观点的角度并不重要,重要是说理的条理性时,那个“政府是不是应该拨款建立艺术博物馆”的例子explain it explicitly。
3. 写ISSUE前该注意的事儿
No matter which approach you take when you practice the Issue task, you should review the task directions, then
• carefully read the claim made in the topic and make sure you understand the issue involved; if it seems unclear, discuss it with a friend or teacher
• think about the issue in relation to your own ideas and experiences, to events you have read about or observed, and to people you have known; this is the knowledge base from which you will develop compelling reasons and examples in your argument that reinforce, negate, or qualify the claim in some way
• decide what position on the issue you want to take and defend—remember you are free to agree or disagree completely or to agree with some parts or some applications but not others
• decide what compelling evidence (reasons and examples) you can use to support your position
4. 动笔前N自问
Remember that this is a task in critical thinking and persuasive writing. Therefore, you might find it helpful to explore the complexity of a claim in one of the topics by asking yourself the following questions:
• What, precisely, is the central issue?
(issue的中心论点到底是什么)
• Do I agree with all or with any part of the claim? Why or why not?
(我同意的是全部论断还是部分论断?为什么?)
• Does the claim make certain assumptions? If so, are they reasonable?
(文中的论断有做假设吗?如果有,这些假设合理吗?)
• Is the claim valid only under certain conditions? If so, what are they?
(这些论断是否在某些特定情况下才正确?如果是这样的,是哪些特定情况呢?)
• Do I need to explain how I interpret certain terms or concepts used in the claim?
(我是否需要解释我如何阐释论断中所用到的特定的术语和概念的?)
• If I take a certain position on the issue, what reasons support my position?
(如果我在issue中采取了特定的立场,有哪些理由可以支持我的立场?)
• What examples—either real or hypothetical—could I use to illustrate those reasons and advance my point of view? Which examples are most compelling?
(哪些例子----不管是真实的还是假设的----可以被我用来阐述那些理由以及促进我的观点?哪些观点非常有说服力?)
问题的翻译直接copy了下面这个帖子~感谢~! https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1029435-2-1.html
之后有阅读PETER解读ETS AWTRO的帖子: https://bbs.gter.net/thread-440398-1-1.html