【1010G精英组】ISSUR&ARGU 习作——by Group Choice

weili0612UID: 2767606

50"In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach."
关键词：the quality of instruction，
限定词：at the college and university level
正文：
With the advancement of our society, it is more important to boost the association between college and company. To improve the quality of instruction at college, many young faculties who lack experiences should be required to spend time working outside the academic in professions relevant to courses they teach. The quality of instruction, in my opinion, is not only to make students have a deeper comprehension of the theory but also acquaint them with the information of those companies relevant to their field.
Firstly, the faculty can make their courses more vivid and help students comprehend the theory more deeply if they work in professions relevant to the courses they teach. It is known to all that one can learn knowledge better and apprehend it more deeply by using it instead of only reading it from book. With experiences of working in relevant professions, a teacher can explain the theory clearly and also use a real example from work to make it visual and cogent. For instance, a teacher of electronic engineer, who has worked in a mobile phone company, can exemplify the wireless communication through the work of a mobile phone, which is very close to our daily life. And a teacher who teaches psychology can offer students more true examples of patients’ disease and how to talk with and heal them.
Secondly, the teachers’ working experience in relevant companies can help students know more about the development direction of their fields and acquire more practical skills. A teacher can tell his or her students what is hot of their specialties in the companies. And with information from their teachers, they can choose what they should learn more definitely, which is helpful to their later career after school. Even more, companies’ competitions spur working ways and styles in companies more different from colleges’. Colleges’ work need carefully and creatively, which may take you one year or more to finish a project or research. However, companies’ research must be very quick and low cost. It brings plenty convenient ways to simplify the design of product, the analysis of a question and calculation. If teachers can bring such skills to their students early, it will be very useful to students’ study and work and make students more like those experienced engineers.
However, faculties should also focus on some creative researches, which may boost the innovation of the companies, such as the development of new materials and new ways to make electricity. It is inevitable that companies’ direction has its own limitation, which is always determined by short-term benefits. If faculties all work outside, it will confine their imagination, which is harmful to their research, the development of society and their students’ grow.
In sum, the experience in relevant companies is helpful to faculties’ teaching and comprehension. It promotes the quality of their courses, such as a deeper comprehension of a subject and an introduction of practical skills. But professors shouldn’t confine their creativities by the companies’ developing mode. So a professor with deep experience should focus on creative research while faculties who are young and lack working experience should spend time working outside in professions relevant to the courses they teach.

lxklysUID: 2738043

50"In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach."



Whether all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach? Whether it can improve the quality of instruction just by the faculty doing that? In response to the issue, we should analyze the statement comprehensibly, from the dialectical perspective. Considering the speaker’s assertion, it oversimplifies and absolutizes the issue, which we should depend on particular conditions.

Admittedly, the faculty spending time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach is constructive, to some extent. For example, without the experience in a factory, without observation of how the workers do the job and how long they cost, in my opinion as a student, one teacher, a faculty in the major of industrial efficiency, can’t instruct actively for lacking fresh insights and a contagious excitement about the subject. Moreover, what they bring to may be just the principles and theories discussed in textbooks without practical and real-world examples, which causes students lose an interest quickly, and certainly, do little help for the quality of instruction.

However, the experience of working in professions relevant is not effective in some particular areas. From my point of view, there are ones more important than it in some particular areas. For example, when it comes to the subject of philosophy, logical, systematic and abstract, it can’t teach explicitly without skimming over manifold masterpieces and penetrating the ideology of various schools of philosophy, which the working experience can’t implement. What’s more, if the faculty is required to work outside, maybe their restraint by the devastating career situation and their major will prompt them to spend more time finding a job, in other words, the time they waste may be more effective when used in a study.

Considering the statement further, in my experience, to improve the quality of instruct, aims at enabling students to master a skill about relevant field, not only depends on the faculty, but also the students themselves. Without the serious attitude for the learning, the initiative in the courses, the students can’t receive anything even though their teachers are erudite or experienced. For example, thinking about my study on math in college, the grades to some extent which measured my level of learning improve from 70 to 90 in one term for my practicing persistently after class mainly. As a result, in order to take the quality of instruct effect, the cooperation between students and faculty can’t be neglected.

From the analysis made above, I strongly commit to the notion that all faculty should be required to work outside in the possession relevant their courses for improving the quality of instruct. From the observation in some particular fields referred above such as philosophy and my own experience of learning math, the requirement of faculty working outside is not fit for the whole one, and the students, as a counterpart of a instruct, should motivate their all energy to engross the major they study, which can optimize the efficiency of instruct ultimately.

xingfuhbjUID: 2769976

第五次作业  ISSUE 50
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

KEY TERMS:
Instruction: 定义一下
All: 是不是所有的都需要
Working
outside：


题目思路：
Aim：improve the quality of instruction
Object： all faculty
Approach：spend time working outside the academic world
为了达到aim, 是不是选择了正确的object? 是不是只有题中唯一一个或者说是必要的approach?

提纲：
1．定义instruction，略提quality of instruction的重要性
2．为了提高quality, 应该怎么做?
3．需要all faculty都这样么? 只有题中的一个途径么?


这次好杯具的看错题了...50看成了51....真是折杀我也...
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

http://www.sa.psu.edu/sara/pulse/13-quality.PDF

According to a survey conducted by Penn University, it is defined as an integration of clarity, classroom management, knowledge, intellectually stimulating, organized, enthusiasm, fairness, approachability.
Though it is not easy to reach a consensus on the definition of the quality of instruction, it do was a hotspot within the realm of Education, especially at the university and college level. Thus you don’t have to be an education zealot to find that it is of great importance to hence the quality of instruction.

Corresponding to the eight elements of the instructions, there are a number of approaches that can improve the quality of instruction. Being as a faulty of a university or a college, you could improve the clarity by analyzing the materials and difficult ideas in detail, power your knowledge with achieving a higher degree or make a study of more references, raise the enthusiasm and stimulate students’ intellect through playing interesting games while giving your classes. What’s more, you just need to be impartial enough to keep your fairness. And a basic rule for your class is essential to keep the class management in order. None of each is hard to approach. So it is clear enough to realize that what matters is not the ways used to improve the quality of instruction but whether you want to improve it or not.

However, spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses is one of the plentiful ways to achieve a more effective instruction, which deserved to be recommended. Through this way, the faculty can connect the academic world and the non-academic world efficiently, which could be seemed as the combination of the theory and the practice. The possibility that the textbooks may out of step with the changing world will be excluded by such an approach. Moreover, the working experience in relevant profession that the faculty gained could be special information for the teaching process. Such a precious material is defined as “firsthand statistical data” or “firsthand information” in the realm of statistics, which means more useful and to the point but will cost more time and energy. At this circumstance, not all faculties should be required to sped time working in the non-academic world in order to improve the quality of instruction. Any one have right to use the approaches that are most effective for himself instead of follow the certain road. Nor to say that in some field, working outside doesn’t make much sense.

While the world is changing in such a high pace, the quality of instruction need to be laid more emphasis on and be well improved. But just as the means of education are daedal, the methods to hence the quality of instruction are kaleidoscopic too. So working outside the academic world do was a good way to reach the goal, nonetheless, it do deserved think twice before ask all the faculty to taken this approach.

cynthia313UID: 2765794

Argue45 by lxklys 修改 By Cynthia
The statement in a wildlife journal presents that the numbers of arctic deer is(are) declining according to the reports of local hunters, coinciding with recent global warming trends which may cause the ice to melt that is depended by these deer to search for food.(这个应该是个定语从句吧~一般是要跟着被修饰词ice,不然不知道作者的that在指代什么） Considering the reasons above, the author concludes that this decrease is just because the changes of their migration patterns across the frozen sea happen. In my(this) analysis, the author fails to be well-reasoned for the conclusion.Firstly, this report according to the local hunters, one(which) the author cites,may be (删掉made） lack of exact data, statistics and professional guidance. For example, arctic deer may immigrate into another place where the local hunters never or seldom dabble（好词）, which can lead（lead是不及物动词） a conclusion above. Without explicating sufficient information such as the area’s exact location, the methods of observations, the report deserves to be doubt（doubted） as evidence.Secondly, even if the report by the local ones is proven true, we also can’t state that there is a direct combination can be referred to the global warm tendency just for this report coinciding withthis trend. （实在没看懂这句话）Maybe the phenomenon of deer decreasing exists all the time, however, the hunters just choose to expose it now because they fail to improve the condition,(为什么hunters fails to improve the condition,就要选择现在报道deer减少的事情?) which seems as a result of the ice melt by global warm.(对hunters为什么选择在现在报道deer减少给出的理由不够充分，hunters可能只是单纯报道，他们并没有联想到气候变暖，把deer减少和global warming联系起来的是author不是hunters)Finally, even if the report above declared in time, namely a link with the global warm indeed(namely后面貌似要跟个完整句子？）, we also should take some other elements into account. For example, with the climate’s change, (删掉that) the plants on which the deer feed can’t adapt to the environment（这句话有两个动词，应该要加个逗号或者and） may also suffer from the diminishment, which can cause the deer to decrease （觉得这句都可以删掉when given fewer than before）. However, in my opinion, another factor, one can’t be neglected by us, is that the deer may be killed indiscriminately by local hunters, (who) can serve for the report. If the hunters are not aware of the diminishment of deer all the time（hunter不是都报道deer减少了么，怎么又不知道这个事情了呢？), keep the quantity of deer killed as the same as before(keep killing the same quantity of deer as before), and without taking any measures to solve it,(这个从句无动词,可改为and do not take any measures...) the consequences of arctic deer’s decline obviously can be seen.In sum, the speaker’s argument fails to expound the report’s information about the exact area, methods of observations clearly, neglects other factors may result in the conclusion such as the food they（指代不明） feed on(lacking of food), the local hunts itself, and also over-emphasizes the coincidence with the global warm tendency ( and deer populations' declining) without considering whether the report is exposed in time. As with these essences(fallacies.) referred above, I could not accept this argument anyway.

这篇文章逻辑比较清楚，除了攻击那个hunter报道deer减少时机不对没有搞懂，其他段落思路都很清晰。
语言方面，作者用了很多很长很长的句子，害得偶好多都看不懂，希望在丰富句子结构的同时注意表达的清楚、简练、准确，不要一味追求长难句反而造成很多低级语法错误和表达不清。

cynthia313UID: 2765794

issue 50 by Cynthia
In my point of view, whether college and university faculty should also work outside academic world, in professional works which related to their academic fields, depends on particular specific area. It is no doubt that practice makes perfect, and both students and faculty would benefit from course-related working experience. However, the statement still requires qualification.  

In the first place, professors who are actively engaged in outside work usually bring to students more fresh ideas and recent progress of their academic fields. The theories and principles of the text books are likely to be well explained by their practical and real-world examples, which interest students a lot. Furthermore, since the science and technology are booming in our modern society, knowledge contained in the textbook often lags behind the times. As most of us ever gone through, when having computer courses, what we learned is how to manipulate Windows 2000; when finishing such courses, Windows XP has already prevalent. Thus, professors, whose knowledges are limited to text books, are likely to be behind the current development of their academia, let alone cultivating students who can keep place with times. Outside work provide faculty opportunities to abreast with latest real-world progress of their professional areas.

In the second place, faculty who are familiar with the demands of professional works can give advices about the career planning to students. Professors with outside work experiences know more about what kind of abilities and characteristics should a student obtain during university time to be qualified as a professional. They provide up-to-date information about current works and even about job markets to students.
What's more, field work experiences also have benefits for professors' research and publication in their specific areas. For instance, psychological professors in my university often work outside their academia as psychological counselors. Not only do they practice the principles and theories in text books well, but also many of them collect cases once they handled in their professional publications. The successful cases boost professor's reliability as a expert in psychology.
However, there are some academic fields, such as arts, history and philosophy, in which outside work is either unfeasible or unnecessary. After all, what job outside academia is suitable for a professor of philosophy or literature?  Furthermore, beyond is as wrong as falling short. If a professor is deeply engaged in outside work, he or she might have no enough time preparing for the courses they teach, which obviously would have a bad effect on their regular duty--imparting knowledges to students.

In conclusion, aside from those specific areas, in which outside work is not unfeasible or unnecessary, I agree the statement that college faculty should work outside academia in course-related fields with the precondition that outside work do not divert their energy for imparting knowledge to students.

weili0612UID: 2767606

50"In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach."


Whether all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach? Whether it can improve the quality of instruction just by the faculty doing that? In response to the issue, we should analyze the statement comprehensibly, from the dialectical perspective. Considering the speaker’s assertion, it oversimplifies and absolutizes the issue, which we should depend on particular conditions.（提出观点：要辩证的看待题目观点）

Admittedly, the faculty spending time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach is constructive, to some extent. For example, without the experience in a factory, without observation of how the workers do the job and how long they cost, in my opinion as a student, one teacher, a faculty in the major of industrial efficiency, can’t instruct actively for lacking fresh insights and a contagious excitement(传染性的兴奋？？) about the subject. Moreover, what they bring to may be just the principles and theories discussed in textbooks without practical and real-world examples, which causes students lose an interest quickly, and certainly, do(does) little help for the quality of instruction.（支持观点，教职工有工程经验有助于教学）

However, the experience of working in professions relevant is not effective in some particular areas. From my point of view(不知道From对不对，读起来拗口), there are ones more important than it
in some particular areas.（”ones” ”it” 分别指啥） For example, when it comes to the subject of philosophy, logical, systematic and abstract, it can’t teach explicitly without skimming over manifold masterpieces and penetrating the ideology of various schools of philosophy, which the working experience can’t implement. What’s more, if the faculty is required to work outside, maybe their restraint by the devastating career situation and their major will prompt them to spend more time finding a job, in other words, the time they waste may be more effective when used in a study. （在某些领域，经验么啥用，倒是花时间搞研究更有效）

Considering the statement further, in my experience, to improve the quality of instruct, aims at enabling students to master a skill about relevant field, not only depends on the faculty, but also the students themselves.（好多逗号，不知道这样好不好呀） Without the serious attitude for the learning, the initiative in the courses, the students can’t receive（acquire这个词比较好） anything even though their teachers are erudite or experienced. For example, thinking about my study on math in college, the grades to some extent which measured my level of learning improve from 70 to 90 in one term for my practicing persistently after class mainly. As a result, in order to take the quality of instruct effect, the cooperation between students and faculty can’t be neglected.（学生主观能动性对学习更重要）

From the analysis made above, I strongly commit to the notion that all faculty should be required to work outside in the possession relevant their courses for improving the quality of instruct. From the observation in some particular fields referred above such as philosophy and my own experience of learning math, the requirement of faculty working outside is not fit for the whole one, and the students, as a counterpart of a instruct, should motivate their all energy to engross the major they study, which can optimize the efficiency of instruct ultimately.

ISSUE主题是说为了提高教职工教学质量，应当让他们都投入公司进行相关专业的工作，
作者指出1、这有助于教学，2、有些领域这没啥用，3、学生主观能动性对提高教学质量很重要。
但是我觉得3这个分论点和ISSUE主体无关，主题是问你教职工的工程经验对教学是否有帮助，是否应该都去公司干活，你说学生怎么怎么。。。这就不对了，如果题目说的是为了提高教学质量，而没有限定对象是教职工的话，作者的论点是可以的。
读过文章后，发现作者是部分同意作者观点，但是最后一段第一句：“From the analysis made above, I strongly commit to the notion that all faculty should be required to work outside in the possession relevant their courses for improving the quality of instruct.”既然是部分同意，就说partly好了，不用all呀。
我写的时候好像也是最后了要个HOWEVER，本来是完全同意的，最后由于字数问题。。。改成了部分同意，也不知道有没有漏改的地方。
作者最后一段的后面几句也表明她把题目理解成了以optimize the efficiency of instruct为核心，忽视了前面的faculty.
还有faculty和experience可数啊？我搞不清，蛮烦看完后回我下，谢谢

lxklysUID: 2738043

77# elevenkar 修改by lxklys

TOPIC: ISSUE50 - "In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach."
WORDS: 454
TIME: 00:45:00
DATE: 2010-4-26 21:29:59

Confucius, one of the greatest and most influential philosophers and educators in ancient China, was quoted in the Analects（这词我收了） as saying, "Teachers are the most effective helper（helpers） for students." The author claims that all teachers should work outside the academic world in professions related to his or her field of study. According to me, whether the teacher should work outside depends on what kind of courses he or she teaches.（开头简洁有力，而且利于下文的展开，很好）

Some practice courses need experienced teachers as instructor to better prepare students for their future careers.（能不能把better放在句尾，感觉要顺一些哈）Not all students are going to higher their education（a higher degree） and do research work after graduation. Most of them will choose to work in a company or a department of a country, which require practice skills instead of only theoretical knowledge. However, universities are the places concentrating on academic knowledge(我觉得这个转折不是很合适哈，我觉得你应该指出的是现在的大学在某些practice courses的设置上，强调了太多的学术成分，而忽视了实践经验的重要性，而不是说笼统的说整个大学对学术的重视，这样的话刚好能和你的主题句的观点相称). Professors as well as teachers tend to focus on academic goal thus certain practice skills are ignored. What's more, students cannot find a decent job if they only possess theoretical knowledge. A real intellectual graduate should combine theoretical knowledge with practical knowledge and apply them into work. Consequently, professors who lack working experience have to spend time working outside the academic world to gain certain experience in the field they teach. For example, software engineering is a major which requires code experience in programming. Only when instructors go to the company to obtain the newest knowledge and information can they truly teach students and impart them real knowledge.
Some theoretical courses do not need teachers who have working experience outside the academic world but need scholars who have deep understanding of a professional field. Some courses including mathematics, literature and physics require little knowledge in practice. Professors majoring in these fields usually become researchers only after his or her graduation in universities. According to a recent survey conducted by Peking University, half of its faculty have no working experience outside the academic world and one third of them are distinguish professors. Therefore, no practical skills are needed for professors who teach theoretical courses.（如果你能对这个调查中这些没有经验的老师的教学质量进行评估一下，比如说他们的课很受欢迎呀，或者他们的研究成果也很出色呀，那这个例子就更具有说服力，更贴合题意哈 PS：个人意见）

Different fields of study have different standards for teachers. Universities have diverse departments majoring in various fields of study. For different majors, school should provide different methods to improve the quality of instruction. Fundamental courses, including mathematics, physics, literature and the like prefer prominent professors who are well-known in certain fields. Engineering courses, including computer science, electronics, mining and the like prefer teachers who have a lot of working experience.

To sum up, due to detailed analysis and reasons mentioned above, which correlate with each time that render it more convincing as a whole, we can comfortably say that whether school should send teachers to work completely depends on which field he or she studies in.

总结：
首先，楼主能在这么短的时间内写出这样的文章，而且单词或者语法错误基本没有，赞一个！！！
如果说到问题的话：
1.对于例子的选取上，尽可能切合，或者即使本身不切合，你也可以把它发散得切合一些；
2.对于有些观点的驳斥，一定要记得限定范围（上面均有标示）
好了，楼主的功力实在强大，加油加油啦，^_^

xingfuhbjUID: 2769976

改第五次作文  ISSUE50 Cynthia
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In my point of view, whether college and university faculty should also work outside academic world, in professional works which related to their academic fields, depends on particular specific area. It is no doubt that practice makes perfect, and both students and faculty would benefit from course-related working experience. However, the statement still requires qualification.  
建议作者把ISSUE的开头写的更吸引人一些
In the first place, professors who are actively engaged in outside work usually bring to students more fresh ideas and recent progress of their academic fields. The theories and principles of the text books are likely to be well explained by their practical and real-world examples, which interest students a lot. Furthermore, since the science and technology are booming in our modern society, knowledge contained in the textbook often lags behind(收词~) the times. As most of us ever gone through, when having computer courses, what we learned is how to manipulate Windows 2000; when finishing such courses, Windows XP has already prevalent.(这个例子插入的蛮自然的)Thus, professors, whose knowledges(这可是不可数的呀~) are limited to text books, are likely to be behind the current development of their academia, let alone cultivating students who can keep place with times. Outside work provide faculty opportunities to abreast with latest real-world progress of their professional areas.
主要介绍了题中approach的好处
In the second place, faculty who are familiar with the demands of professional works(这里是不是错了?)
can give advices about the career planning to students. Professors with outside work experiences know more about what kind of abilities and characteristics should a student obtain during university time to be qualified as a professional. They provide up-to-date information about current works and even about job markets to students.
What's more, field work experiences also have benefits for professors' research and publication in their specific areas. For instance, psychological professors in my university often work outside their academia as psychological counselors. Not only do they practice the principles and theories in text books well, but also many of them (also放前面是更native么?请指教~!)collect cases once they handled in their professional publications. The successful cases boost professor's reliability as an(注意a 和an~) expert in psychology.
However, there are some academic fields, such as arts, history and philosophy, in which outside work is either unfeasible or unnecessary. After all, what job outside academia is suitable for a professor of philosophy or literature?  Furthermore, beyond is as wrong as falling short.(这是过犹不及的意思么?) If a professor is deeply engaged in outside work, he or she might have no enough time preparing for the courses they teach, which obviously would have a bad effect on their regular duty--imparting knowledges to students.

In conclusion, aside from those specific areas, in which outside work is not unfeasible or unnecessary, I agree the statement that college faculty should work outside academia in course-related fields with the precondition that outside work do not divert their energy for imparting knowledge to students.

感觉作者说题中approach好处说的太多了~反驳的时候相对来说就没有那么有底气了~
不过行文很流畅的说!
还有一个小建议就是可以把ISSUE写的更有趣味性些,这篇ISSUE的感觉和ARGUMENT的蛮像的~~加油哦!^_^

elevenkarUID: 2791267

80# xingfuhbj

第五次作业  ISSUE 50
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
According to a survey conducted by Penn University, it is defined as an integration of clarity, classroom management, knowledge, intellectually stimulating, organized, enthusiasm, fairness, approachability. Though it is not easy to reach a consensus on the definition of the quality of instruction, it do was a hotspot within the realm（虽然是个小词但是个好词！）
of Education, especially at the university and college level. Thus you don’t have to be an education zealot（好词） to find that it is of great importance to hence the quality of instruction.（这一段很精彩，有native writer的味道噢）
Corresponding to the eight elements（这8个要素捏。。。是不是你上面说的：it is defined as an integration of clarity, classroom management。。。如果是，我觉得应该加一句 as I mentioned before是不是更好？） of the instructions, there are a number of approaches that can improve the quality of instruction. Being as a faulty（faculty吧） of a university or a college, you could improve the clarity by analyzing the materials and difficult ideas in detail, power your knowledge with achieving a higher degree or make a study of more references, raise the enthusiasm and stimulate（因为前面是说by analyzing以上划线的单词是否应该统一时态用-ing？） students’ intellect through playing interesting games while giving your classes. What’s more, you just need to be impartial enough to keep your fairness. And a basic rule for your class is essential to keep the class management in order. None of each is hard to approach. So it is clear enough to realize that what matters is not the ways used to improve the quality of instruction but whether you want to improve it or not.
However, spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses is one of the plentiful(个人认为有些不恰当) ways to achieve a more effective instruction, which deserved（was deserved） to be recommended. Through this way, the faculty can connect the academic world and the non-academic world efficiently, which could be seemed as the combination of the theory and the practice. The possibility that the textbooks may out of step with the changing world will be excluded by such an approach. Moreover, the working experience in relevant profession that the faculty gained could be special information for the teaching process. Such a precious material is defined as “firsthand statistical data” or “firsthand information” in the realm of statistics, which means more useful and to the point but will cost more time and energy. At this circumstance, not all faculties should be required to spend time working in the non-academic world in order to improve the quality of instruction. Anyone have right to use the approaches that are most effective for himself instead of follow the certain road. Nor to say that in some field, working outside doesn’t make much sense.
While the world is changing in such a high pace, the quality of instruction need to be laid more emphasis on and be well improved. But just as the means of education are daedal好词, the methods to hence the quality of instruction are kaleidoscopic too. So working outside the academic world do was a good way to reach the goal, nonetheless, it do deserved think twice before ask all the （the entile）faculty to taken this approach.
仔细看过xingfu同学的习作，觉得语言流畅达意明确，句与句之间的逻辑连接转换的十分到位。特别第一段让人惊艳
另外有些小缺点，相信你肯定也注意到了。比如中国学生经常犯的时态的语法错误在同学的文章中有发现少许。另外本文字数要再加一些必是锦上添花。---by elevenkar

yuanlinqinggreUID: 2755904

写完后感觉自己没有攻击透，逻辑线十分复杂，果断讨论一下


TOPIC: ARGUMENT188 - A new report suggests that men and women experience pain very differently from one another, and that doctors should consider these differences when prescribing pain medications. When researchers administered the same dosage of kappa opioids-a painkiller-to 28 men and 20 women who were having their wisdom teeth extracted, the women reported feeling much less pain than the men, and the easing of pain lasted considerably longer in women. This research suggests that kappa opioids should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required, whereas men should be given other kinds of pain medication. In addition, researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women.
WORDS: 512 DATE: 2010-4-28 14:34:54

The author reaches his conclusion that kappa opioids is effective for women and other pain medication should be prescribed to men. To justify his conclusion, the author cites a study, concerning patients with wisdom teeth to be extracted, to manifest that different prescriptions, when it comes to different genders, should be made because of difference between men and women when experience pain. Yet, further speculation on the research will reveal how fallacious it is.

Firstly, lacking further information of the participants, the author cannot ensure me that the sample of the study is both sufficient and representative of all the patients who is going to have the wisdom teeth extracted. For that matter, it is entirely possible that some participants gets some congenital disease, such as hypalgesia, which render the patient not representative. It is also possible that the number of the participants is too low to generalize any conclusion from it. Either scenario, if true, would be reasonable enough to weaken the ratiocination of the argument considerably. Until the author provides prominent evidence that the sample is both typical and sufficient, I remain doubtful that this is the case.

Secondly, even assuming that the participants are both representative and sufficient, the argument still rests on the assumption that all the patients have the same standard for pain. Nonetheless, the author fails to corroborate this pivot assumption. For that matter, it is just as likely that pain experienced by men and women are the same, whereas different standard lead to different reports of pain. If that is the case, the effect kappa opioids casts on men and women may be the same, even though reports of pain from men and women are different. Thus, without eliminating possible reasons for the result of the study, the author cannot persuade me of the basis of the conclusion that effect of kappa opioids on men and women are different, let alone that men and women experience pain differently.

Thirdly, even assuming that kappa does cast greater effect on women in the study, the author, without comparison, unfairly assumes that kappa is more effective than other pain medication. Yet, no convincing evidence is offered, which render the deduction unpersuasive as it stands. Moreover, we even assume that kappa is more effective, when dealing with pain result from extraction of wisdom teeth, than any other pain medications, but the author enlarges the extent of the conclusion. For that matter, it is possible that men and women only experience pain differently when it comes to pain result from teeth, in which case both different prescriptions and reevaluation are not necessary. Until the author cites compelling evidence that men and women experience pain, besides which comes from teeth, different, he cannot not convince me of his conclusion whatsoever.

In sum, the article is lucid, however, untenable. The author, to strengthen the deduction, must provide evidence that the sample of the study is representative of all the patients who require pain medication. Moreover, he must offer a study which ensures me of the effectiveness of kappa opioids, comparing with other pain medications.

【】表示的是作者隐含假设的
1）同等剂量下的K，男性智齿患者所表现出的对于疼痛的反应要强于女性病人，且在女性患者上对于疼痛的缓解效果要长于男性—（不知道可否推出男女对于疼痛的体验是不同的）—》同等剂量K对于女性智齿病人有更好的效果【智齿病人可以代替所有需要缓解疼痛病人】——》k对于所有需要缓解疼痛的病人来说，在女性身上比在男性身上更有效果——》K比其他药物在需要缓解疼痛女性身上更加有效【K在男性上无法取得与在女性上的相同效果,而适用于男性的药应该取得和K在女性身上取得的相同的效果】——》应该给需要止痛药的男性其他的药物

2）K在男女身上的效果是不同的——》其他药物在男女身上的效果是不同的——》应该重新评价药物在男女身上的效果

weili0612UID: 2767606

188A new report suggests that men and women experience pain very differently from one another, and that doctors should consider these differences when prescribing pain medications. When researchers administered the same dosage of kappa opioids—a painkiller—to 28 men and 20 women who were having their wisdom teeth extracted, the women reported feeling much less pain than the men, and the easing of pain lasted considerably longer in women. This research suggests that kappa opioids should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required, whereas men should be given other kinds of pain medication. In addition, researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women.
一个实验25女，20男拔去智齿后（貌似组里有组员最近拔过么。。。），服用kappa opioids，男的感觉比较疼，女的缓解期比较长。所以，男女疼痛的经历不同（一个长期，一个剧烈,），所以开药时候要当心。这个实验也表明不论女的得什么病用止疼，都要用opioids，男的无论如何都要换药。另外，研究人员要重新评估各种用药物对男女的不同效果。
感觉本文就是1个实验推出三个结论，这三个结论到不是递进的，都是直接从那个报告中推出来的。
1疼痛不同，所以小心开药，因为那是要造成的（真的是因为药嘛）。
2疼痛不同，所以女的无论如何用opioid，男的死也别用。
3疼痛不同，因此研究人员要对所有的药在男女上的效果都重新评估下。
In this argument, the author concludes that women and men experience pain differently for the experiment of 28 men and 20 women who were having their wisdom teeth extracted. And it is also asserted that kappa opioids should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required, men should given other kinds of pain medication and all medications on men versus women should be revaluated. When seeing this argument at first sight, I find there are so many illogical and unreasonable conclusions drawn form the report.
Firstly, because women felt much less pain than men and easing of pain lasted longer in women when using kappa opioids in the wisdom teeth extracted, the author asserts that they experience pain very differently from one anther. However, the report didn’t rule out other possible reasons that may cause the different pain between men and women. For instance, the wisdom teeth extracted operation itself makes men feel more pain than women. Or even men’s wisdom teeth are normally bigger than women’s, which makes them for a heavier pain, but the weakness of women makes them recover slowly than men.
Secondly, the author also concludes kappa opioids should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required and men should be given other kinds of pain medication, which is not reasonable. The report only is about the wisdom teeth extracted, not conclude all kind of disease or ill which need painkiller. If there is another disease which makes you pain and has negative effect when you have kappa opioids to kill pain, I am sure that a doctor can’t prescribe kappa opioids to women. And if there is no choice, for instance lack of medications, I think a doctor will prescribe kappa opioids to men. So I think it all depends and can’t ascertain by just one report.
Finally, it is no need for researchers to reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women. Whether it is the medication that makes men and women have different pain experience is still unknown. And even that is true, it doesn’t mean all other kinds of medication have different effects on men and women. The working theory and ingredients of different medication are surely different, doctors just need to finds what ingredients have different influence on men and women and reevaluate the effects of medications concluding such ingredients.
In sum, without ruling out other possibilities, the conclusions from the report are unreasonable and not cogent. Without more information and further analysis, I won’t accept this article anymore.

cynthia313UID: 2765794

issue50 by yuanlinqing  修改 by Cynthia
Does the quality of instruction, which is greatly responsible for the competence of students when they step into society, need to be advanced? I think the answer is yes. Since the academic world as well as the world is changing at a fast speed, instruction, including the way of teaching and the knowledge to be taught, cannot remain unchanged. Yet, to serve the goal, not all the professors in all fields should spend time working outside the campus because of difference among diverse fields.

Instruction, defined as the process of professor's teaching which includes the way of teaching and what to teach, should be advanced through（不知道能不能这样用也~改成abreast with？) time, since the development of science and technology has provided the professors a wide range of better choice(choices) to present what they what(want) to teach. Many years ago, professors presented their courses mainly by text books, which seems insipid to most students, whereas, thanks to the rapid development in mass media, professors can give students a better view of what they want to teach, especially in fields like history, by presents repertory films. (这句话感觉没说完）When it comes to economy, professors can easily construct a graph concerning the relationship between unemployment and inflation rate by just typing some data into the computer. Moreover, since the academic world is also changing rapidly, knowledge to be taught should also be advanced from time to time. Since the quality can be measured by the way of teaching and knowledge to be taught, it is necessary to advance the quality.（教学质量的提高是很有必要的，教学方法和教学内容两方面都需要提高）

In some fields which focus on practical situations, the quality of instruction can be advanced by requiring professor to working outside the campus, provided that time spent outside is limited. In fields, such as engineering and software, things do not always go as the text book has expected, since problems are common when it comes to practical situation which is hard to imagine according to knowledge learned from text book. For that matter, effective measures to deal with these problems have been developed in commercial companies, for they have to minimize their cost so as to maximize their profits. As a result, it is indispensable for professors, in order to teach students both practical and theoretic knowledge, to spend time working in such companies to catch up with knowledge developed（developed knowledge） in practical situations. Nonetheless, a limit must be cast on time spent, since professors' spending too much time working outside the campus may distract their attention from teaching which may serve to a negative result.


Although there is no doubt that the quality of instruction should be improved, effective methods to achieve the goal differs among different fields. In fields, such as history and literature,which focus on theoretical researches, holding a frequent colloquium, instead of requiring faculty in these fields working outside, is more practical and effective. On the one hand, society outside the campus provides few jobs for professors in these fields, in which case not all professors can find a appropriate vacation（这个词有职位的意思么？？）. On the other hand, colloquia, which gathers scholar in such fields together, may provide precious opportunities for professors who can hardly meet with each other to discuss and debate, which can facilitate the advent of better theory. And then, professors can teach their students something new, giving(give) students a clear view of new theory in academic fields they work in. Working outside campus may provide practical experience for professors, from which fields that（only） focus on theoretical researches can not benefit. Therefore, better methods to advance the quality of instruction vary when it comes to different fields.

In sum, as the world is changing rapidly, both improvement in technology ,which provides professors a better way to teach, and advancement in academic fields, which requires professor to enlarge what they are to teach, call for development ing(of) the quality of instruction. Requirement that all faculty should work outside campus are effective in some fields, however, not practical when it comes to all the fields, in which case effective ways to achieve the goal varies among diverse fields.
这篇文章写的行云流水，非常不错~语言方面句型和词汇都比较丰富。个人觉得题目的理解可能有点出入，该issue主要是说要通过outside work 来提高教学质量，作者对要不要提高教学质量进行了大量论述，不知道可不可以也~~另外有个小问题就是，少打了很多空格，很多单词都连在一起，看得偶好辛苦，作者有这样好的文字功底因为这种小问题丢分的话很不划算哦~~

lxklysUID: 2738043

argu188 by lxklys

188A new report suggests that men and women experience pain very differently from one another, and that doctors should consider these differences when prescribing pain medications. When researchers administered the same dosage of kappa opioids—a painkiller—to 28 men and 20 women who were having their wisdom teeth extracted, the women reported feeling much less pain than the men, and the easing of pain lasted considerably longer in women. This research suggests that kappa opioids should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required, whereas men should be given other kinds of pain medication. In addition, researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women.
同样剂量的止痛药分别给20个女的和28个男的——》女的疼痛感轻些，并且疼痛持续的时间短于男性——》这种药不适于男性,适用于所有女性——》对于所有的药，医生都要重新估量其结果对于男性和女性
The speaker cites a new report to verify that doctors should consider these differences when prescribing pain medications, for men and women experiencing pain very differently from each other. The conclusion is drawn by the experiment, which only involves in 20 women and 28 men. All of them are given the same dosage of kappa opioids to alleviate the pain of teeth extracted. According to the report, the author deduces that this medication should be prescribed for women under any circumstances rather than men just because the women in the experiment feel much less pain and the easing of pain lasted longer in women, besides, all medications on men versus women should be reevaluated the effects. In my opinion, this statement fails to convince because it contains several critical fallacies and roles out the other factors.

Firstly, this research entailing 28 men and 20 women is very small so that they may be not representative of the entire population as a sample. Regarding the report, it just refers to the women and men are suffering from the teeth extracted but without any information of whether their cases are the same. Maybe the men's symptom is more difficult than women so that their pains are worse naturally. As a result, the evidence fails to be convincing just depending on the small sample size and by neglecting the condition that men's wisdom teeth are physically more problematic than women to remove.

Furthermore, even if the sample contains all the symptoms and the cases of people in research are almost the same as each other, we can't conclude that the medication should not be required by the men, for the dosage of the medication as a relevant one deserving to be considered. Knowing the report, the research that the men and women are administrated the same dosage may neglect the differences of stature between men and women. As known to all, men are physically bigger in size than women so that the impacts of the same medication on women may be more effective, compared with the men. Probably, we can deduce that the cause of men's pain reducing less is the dosage rather than the medication itself. Amplifying the dosage for men the problem instead of using another prescription can solve the problem.

Finally, even if this drug--kappa opioids--affects women more than men indeed, we can't conclude that it can be applied on the women under any circumstances. The medication to be alleviate the pain of teeth extracted shows no evidence that it can be required in any symptoms. And without considering some particular conditions of women such as the pregnancy, the sensibility, it may bring about the horrible aftermath. Besides it, according to the report, the author suggest that researchers should reevaluate the effect of all medications on men versus women, which i think is not reasonable because the research in the report the author cites may not be incredible through the analysis made above. The proper thing to do is to prescribe the drug just by the patient's individual needs rather than genders.

In sum, the speaker’s argument fails to contain enough numbers as a sample, to expound the people's information about their symptoms and neglects other factors may result in the conclusion such as the dosage used. The speaker overstates the medication should be applied on all women ruling out some particular conditions and the whole medication should be reevaluated just for this report, which overemphasizes the differences of gender instead of individuality. Anyway, i can't accept this argument.

xingfuhbjUID: 2769976

第六次作业  ISSUE18

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
作者观点：
1．一个报告显示男人和女人对于痛觉的承受程度不同
2．对28个男的和20个女在其拔智齿时使用K止痛药，女人反映觉得没有男人觉得痛，且镇痛效果久。
1+2→只要女人需要用止痛药就用K，而男人必须用其他的止痛药。且所有的药都需要重新测试男人与女人的而不同反应。
反对观点：
1．
实验样本不够。未排除其他干扰变量。实验结果没有说服力。
2．
只研究了对于拔智齿的疼痛情况就推广到所有需止痛药的情况是不合理的
3．
单一的强调使用K药是不合理的。比如副作用。
1+2+3→作者观点不成立

忘说了  大概写了1个到1个半小时~ 还加上蛮多copy的...
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Grounding on a report that men and women experience pain very differently, and synthesizing a research indicating women do feel less pain when give the same dosage of kappa opioids while having their wisdom tooth extracted, the arguer suggested all women should be use kappa opioids whenever they need a pain killer but all men should find and use another medicine. Moreover, the arguer recommended he effects of all medications on men versus women should be reevaluated.
However, it is apparently unscientific to get the assertion without the guarantee that the women and men are of the similar conditions, which include age, career, and health conditions. The premises of an scientific study requires the basic elements of a rigorous biological test including “hypothesis”、 “unitary variable”、”experimental and control group”, which also the three basic principle of a biological test, and we can easily tell that the research above involves everything except the “unitary variable”. The principle of “unitary variable” lay emphasis on the exclusion of “irrelevant variable” which could cause “extraneous variable”, suppressing interference while verifying hypothesis. What if the most of the women in the research having given birth? This means they have suffered a much more pain comparing to the pain brought by the extraction of wisdom tooth, and then are more endurable when facing the latter than those men does. And with a possibility that some of the women may have a poor economic condition, thus they have to endure kinds of slight pain for the out of pocket. In this circumstance, the women are likely to report less pain reaction than men does too.
Even the conditions of patients in two groups are similar enough to suppress the interference; the number of the experimental subjects also counts a lot. According to Statistics, the man-made fatal mistake of taking only 28 men and 20 women as experimental subject has lead to the lost of statistical regularity, which lessen the reliability of the assertion. However, Gregor Mendel-- the father of modern genetics--affirmed his two basic laws after 8 years study of cross experiment of pea which involved millions of experimental subject. Nor to say that statisticians toss the coin over ten thousand times only to reveal the simple fact that roughly half will come up heads and half tails. Comparing to those famous experiments, the result of the research in the argument is obviously of little credibility.
What’s more, granting that those defects above can’t resist the right conclusion of the research, it is not science-based enough to recommend all women to take kappa opioids whenever pain killer is needed, nor to say suggest men to search for another medicine. As we all know, every medicine that prescribed for the patients should endure test for millions of times, especially those could cause some side effects including the antibiotics. Nonetheless, pain killers are actually one of the army of medicines that could cause seriously side effects.
Besides nausea and vomiting, the patient who takes pain killer may developed physical dependence and became drug resistance. At it worst, respiratory depression is the most dangerous one the patient should suffer. So before we have convincing evidence attesting that kappa opioids may cause fewer side effects when having the same easing effect, we are not reason enough to promote the use of kappa opioids.
In a similar way, more researches should be conducted aim to find the whether the kappa opioids is suit for men patients or not.

In a sum, this argument is full of unscientific flaws according to the principle of a strict experiment, Statistics and common sense. To exclude them, the author needs more researches, experimental subject and consideration to provide convincing proof to support the argument.

toywangUID: 2700880

反驳点：1对different的表述是模糊的，没有具体标准

           2 意识到性别差异，但对药物选择却只注重k药

           3重新评估的必要性以及如何评估的反驳

In this argument, the writer argues that male and female have different feeling about pain, and take one specific kind of pain medication to testify the difference, and even drawn an conclusion that a reevaluation is needed without any unified standard. The comparison made by the arguer is lack of one fixed norm or criterion which is a hidden trouble when it comes to the end. The outline of the flaws is listed, and I will disuses it one by one.

To begin with, the author mentions that men and women have distinct feeling about pain. This assertion is unconvincing in two aspects. First, there were never been two leaves entirely same in the world, so we have no reason to believe that there exists two people have same perception about pain even of the same sexuality. Secondly, the arguer does not elaborate it clearly what do the differences are. They are of different types of pain or the length of lasting time. What’s more, the judgment of pain is subjective, so the formulation of a fixed standard is the premise of the comparison what comes next.

Furthermore, the general difference is the foundation, however, the arguer only realized the difference between male and female but ignored the discrepancy among pain medications. The chosen of kappa opioids which is a kind of painkiller cannot represent the function of all pain medications. And there must be possible that kappa opioids has strong effect on women’ tenderness only and do not useful when people got headache or stomachache. This is common sense that no medication can kill all kinds of disease, and so does it to pain. In this circumstance, the conclusion that kappa opioids should be prescribed for women when they got any kind of pain is ridiculous.

Finally, even the research has many flaws and unbelievable in some degree, but we still need to pay attention on the suggestion in the end. What the author’s proposal is that reevaluate the effects of all medication on men versus women. Granted on that pain medications should be prescribed discriminatingly, the necessity of reevaluating the effects of all medications on them is unwarranted.
On one hand the proposal is not feasible, cause all medication is unimaginable. On the other hand, what need to investigate is the verified function of difference sorts of pain medications they have on male and female. And through this way , researcher have to analyses what are the difference and fixed a standard for the judgment.

After the discussion above, it is easier to find the problems which hidden behind the surface and will elaborate it clearly what is the right direction to do comparison. When we do researches we also need to pay attention of the logical items despite of the only concern about what seems persuaded.