哭了，这篇短阅读，一句都没读懂，选项一个也都没读懂

Y.LuffyUID: 2996786

Some modern anthropologists hold that biological evolution has shaped not only human morphology but also human behavior. The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints—ways of feeling, thinking, and acting that “come naturally” in archetypal situations in any culture. Our “frailties”—emotions and motives such as rage, fear, greed, gluttony, joy, lust, love—may be a very mixed assortment, but they share at least one immediate quality: we are, as we say, “in the grip” of them. And thus they give us our sense of constraints.9 Q9 i0 C  e+ G
Unhappily, some of those frailties—our need for ever-increasing security among them—are presently maladaptive. Yet beneath the overlay of cultural detail, they, too, are said to be biological in direction, and therefore as natural to us as are our appendixes. We would need to comprehend thoroughly their adaptive origins in order to understand how badly they guide us now. And we might then begin to resist their pressure.

24.3 [: x5 x" l% _4 o! C5 X, n# _
The primary purpose of the passage is to present$ E8 `5 B0 b, [: m) x9 q
(A) a position on the foundations of human behavior and on what those foundations imply: N2 l" ^7 g; q
(B) a theory outlining the parallel development of human morphology and of human behavior6 j& E( x; f4 m8 i* a
(C) a diagnostic test for separating biologically determined behavior patterns from culture-specific detail3 y& H( B* O& N
(D) a practical method for resisting the pressures of biologically determined drives
(E) an overview of those human emotions and motives that impose constraints on human behavior

24题为什么不选B?, c& |' K8 G+ A- a) E' {( b9 S' f( p# u
4 @+ |2 D7 h: v* r/ k
25./ U: M" e# }% w1 |$ n: K4 L. x" O1 o1 C; g/ m* H( f
The author implies that control to any extent over the “frailties” that constrain our behavior is thought to presuppose

题干是什么意思？3 ~1 f  k' k8 U/ e% m4 V' {
(A) that those frailties are recognized as currently beneficial and adaptive# Q5 @# s: K. k5 c
(B) that there is little or no overlay of cultural detail that masks their true nature( S! J# i1 B9 z; ?0 V6 h7 {8 j1 z( n& d3 j+ W, l
(C) that there are cultures in which those frailties do not “come naturally” and from which such control can be learned
(D) a full understanding of why those frailties evolved and of how they function now
(E) a thorough grasp of the principle that cultural detail in human behavior can differ arbitrarily from society to society! E. Q) _+ l2 Y; C

0 a+ d  z% o: O9 ]- k5 h' n2 h; `- @, I4 E7 x: W# O, w
26.
Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the “details” versus “constraints” distinction made in the passage in relation to (in relation to: adv.关于, 涉及,与…相比) human behavior?& a# C  r" z+ P+ C1 D
(A) The ability of most people to see all the colors of the visible spectrum as against most people’s inability to name any but the primary colors0 L# U! C2 c9 y' e1 R. r
(B) The ability of even the least fortunate people to show compassion as against people’s inability to mask their feelings completely. E# s' {* a* V8 w3 s0 i) U
(C) The ability of some people to dive to great depths as against most people’s inability to swim long distances( p. k1 ]) Y$ @- R
(D) The psychological profile of those people who are able to delay gratification as against people’s inability to control their lives completely  c$ p9 {3 r7 L5 ^, K9 \! u
(E) The greater lung capacity of mountain peoples that helps them live in oxygen-poor air as against people’s inability to fly without special apparatus

27.9 ~4 \2 H0 w0 h, m9 @2 E
It can be inferred that in his discussion of maladaptive frailties the author assumes that7 j3 x- J: w+ \) Y9 r" w. N$ l) x  B$ V+ P! B$ u3 t3 V4 l1 h
(A) evolution does not favor the emergence of adaptive characteristics over the emergence of maladaptive ones
(B) any structure or behavior not positively adaptive is regarded as transitory in evolutionary theory( N( e! e- M/ A5 e: {
(C) maladaptive characteristics, once fixed, make the emergence of other maladaptive characteristics more likely
(D) the designation of a characteristic as being maladaptive must always remain highly tentative
(E) changes in the total human environment can outpace evolutionary change

苏梳眠UID: 2717864

文章很难，试着从事物间的关系入手~

Y.LuffyUID: 2996786

2# 苏梳眠

……我读了好几篇，中文翻译都找来看了……我不想深入理解，我想知道怎么定位解题。

苏梳眠UID: 2717864

2# 苏梳眠

……我读了好几篇，中文翻译都找来看了……我不想深入理解，我想知道怎么定位解题。
Y.Luffy 发表于 2011-8-16 22:27

我也看不太懂这个文章，但是题目里面，可以先把题干的核心词汇拣出来，如fragility，detail，constraints等，然后回去定位，寻找几者之间的关系~

Y.LuffyUID: 2996786

4# 苏梳眠

那我想问一下，第一题中的“形态和行为parallel development”为什么不对？

neahowUID: 3044715

定位解题也是有缺陷的。这篇文章第一句只是一个引子（很可能是从一片完整文章中拉出来的），说明evolution不仅会塑造形态，还会塑造行为。然后后面全部讲的都是行为，形态压根没提，let alone their parallel，当然第一题就不能选B。

苏梳眠UID: 2717864

在花儿里面也有讲到，not only... but also...是以关注后面为主的，个人理解这个就是一个过渡，适合AW中折中的出现~
文章从role of the evolution出发，然后具体讲了human behavior，楼上的讲解给出了答案~
第二题中，control over是核心，对于那些局限我们行为的缺点在任何程度上的控制~

dandelionttUID: 2852417

额，很正常啊，练习GRE阅读都要经过这么一个过程，看不懂选不对，看懂了选不对，选对了看不懂，最后才能看懂选对。

Y.LuffyUID: 2996786

感谢版主和楼上几位网友的热心解释！

dandelionttUID: 2852417

你可以试着理清楚文章的结构和逻辑框架,以第一段为例，红色是文章结构和逻辑关系的提示词，蓝色是文章的关键内容，这样是不是可以帮助理解呢？
Some modern anthropologists hold that biological evolution has shaped not only human morphology but also human behavior.
一般在这种转折句中，but前面内容的是铺垫，but后面的是重点。
这句话指出文章的论述对象——human behavior。
The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints—ways of feeling, thinking, and acting that “come naturally” in archetypal situations in any culture.
这句话具体的说明human behavior中更为具体的研究对象——imposing constraints
“—”符号相当于"="，说明作者想要研究的行为方式的具体内容。
Our “frailties”—emotions and motives such as rage, fear, greed, gluttony, joy, lust, love—may be a very mixed assortment, but they share at least one immediate quality: we are, as we say, “in the grip” of them. And thus they give us our sense of constraints.
such as和 as的作用相当于“=”，but告诉你重点在哪里，和作者最终想要说的内容，thus包含了因果关系。
这句话说明了这些behavior为什么给人被限制的感觉。

Y.LuffyUID: 2996786

10# dandeliontt

非常感谢！版主热心，阅读能力也好强。

tanseUID: 3029785

其实文章是说，好的，或者坏的情绪等，都是一样的，没啥好坏之分，但是，现在发展出一些病态的东西，人们却打着文化的幌子说这些病态的东西是因为生物进化的原因，所以他们和阑尾一样正常。但是这是不对的，我们应该回到本源.

E是从文章推理出来的，那些病态的东西并非生物进化的原因，是整个人类环境变化造成的。
A肯定不对么，不符合文章的原意。

这题的确很难，我正好头两天好好研究过这道题了。

这道题能看懂的，但是要下功夫。另外，我不喜欢没看懂的前提下做题，对了也没意义，那是投机取巧，以后要付出代价的。

caning@163.comUID: 3151498

不要怕，大家开始都是酱紫的。

swordman1911UID: 3044946

确实难，对于我来说，没有足够时间细细分析很难做对两道以上，看来，一方面确实得完善提高填空水平，以节省时间来做阅读，另一方面确实得狂练阅读，培养西方式的逻辑思维能力。

swordman1911UID: 3044946

不知道全文是不是如下，仅供参考：

Determinism says, that occurrences in nature are causally decided by preceding events or natural laws, that everything leading up to this point has happened for a reason. Everything has a purpose, an order to it, is determined.
The theory of randomness, which says it's all simply coincidence. The very fact we exist is nothing but the result of a complex, yet inevitable string of chemical accidents and biological mutations. There is no grand meaning. There's no purpose.
Some modern anthropologists hold that biological evolution has shaped not only human morphology but also human behavior. The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not  of dictating the details of human behaviorr but one of imposing constraints—ways of feeling, thinking, and acting that "come naturally" in archetypal situations in any culture. Our "frailties" —emotions and motives such as rage, fear, greed, gluttony, joy, lust, love—may be a very mixed assortment, but they share at least one immediate quality: we are, as we say, "in the grip" of them. And thus they give us our sense of constraints.
Unhappily, some of those frailties—our need for ever-increasing security among them—are presently maladaptive. Yet beneath the overlay of cultural detail, they, too, are said to be biological in direction, and therefore as natural to us as are our appendixes. We would need to comprehend thoroughly their adaptive origins in order to understand how badly they guide us now. And we might then begin to resist their pressure.
Lost in oblivion, dark and silent and complete. I found freedom. Losing all hope was freedom.