求助一道36套上的阅读题

advord121UID: 3119814

Exer 6
Some modern anthropologists hold that biological   
evolution has shaped not only human morphology but   
also human behavior. The role those anthropologists   
Line ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of   
5  human behavior but one of imposing constraints—
ways of feeling, thinking, and acting that ―come natu-
rally“ in archetypal situations in any culture. Our   
―frailties”–emotions and motives such as rage, fear,
greed, gluttony, joy, lust, love—may be a very mixed   
10  assortment, but they share at least one immediate   
quality: we are, as we say, “in the grip” of them. And   
thus they give us our sense of constraints.
  Unhappily, some of those frailties—our need for   
ever-increasing security among them—are presently   
15  maladaptive. Yet beneath the overlay of cultural   
detail, they, too, are said to be biological in direction,   
and therefore as natural to us as are our appendixes.
We would need to comprehend thoroughly their   
adaptive origins in order to understand how badly they   
20    guide us now. And we might then begin to resist their
pressure.


--------------------------------------------------------------

2. It can be inferred that in his discussion of   
    maladaptive frailties the author assumes that
   (A) evolution does not favor the emergence of   
    adaptive characteristics over the emergence   
    of maladaptive ones
   (B) any structure or behavior not positively   
    adaptive is regarded as transitory in   
    evolutionary theory
   (C) maladaptive characteristics, once fixed,   
    make the emergence of other maladaptive   
    characteristics more likely
   (D) the designation of a characteristic as being   
    maladaptive must always remain highly   
    tentative
   (E) changes in the total human environment can   
    outpace evolutionary change


答案给的是“E", 不过我看了半天还是不知道为什么。。。。。。
这种题型应该怎么做啊。。。

苏梳眠UID: 2717864

这个题已经很多人讨论了，可以检索一下。标准翻译。
某些当代人类学家坚持认为，生物进化不仅仅塑造了人类形体，而且亦塑造了人类
行为。这些人类学家所归诸于生物进化的作用，不是规定人类行为的种种细节，而是将
各种限制强加于人类——即在任何文化的典型情景中都会“自然表露”的情感、思维、
以及行动方式。我们的“弱点”——诸如愤怒、恐惧、贪婪、暴食、快乐、淫欲、爱恋
等情感和动机——或许是一种极为含浑的范畴，但它们至少会享着一个直接的特性：如
同我们所说的那样，我们受着它们的“控制支配”。因而，它们赋予我们以某种压抑感。
不幸的是，在所有这些弱点中，某些弱点——其中对不断增加的安全感的需要——
目前处于失调状态。然则，透过文化功节的层迭覆盖，它们同样也被说成是带有生物演
化的趋向，因此对我们来说如同我们的阑尾那样与生俱有，自然正常。我们需要彻底理
解它们适应性的起源，方能弄懂它们现在何等不利地在误导我们。这样一来，我们或许
可以开始抵制它们的压力。
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1298294-1-1.html
https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=1295930

这种题目，如果实在不会，放弃之，考场上不可能有这么多分析时间。

lewnyshUID: 199502

为斑竹鼓掌

advord121UID: 3119814

2# 苏梳眠
多谢啦，我看了大家的分析，结论是。。。考试的时候就算给我汉语翻译我都可能选不对。。。。