有木有潜伏在G版的托福党啊，寻找托福口语小伙伴啊！！

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.6.21 note!


12.The__________ nature of the room was considered extraordinary by everyone, even Tamika who realized she was cleaning her own apartment at increasingly irregular intervals.

inscrutable
purified
sanitized
squalid
transient
sullied

13.The proposed measure to__________ the management team’s plans to move the company toward a more environmentally conscious posture is likely to be rejected by the board; ever since Rodriguez assumed the role of board president last year, the board has demonstrated a particular bent for progressive action.

alter
scotch
back
foil
fund
endorse

13.As Michael sat in the bar and wallowed in his mental anguish, he was haunted by the memory of__________ praise sarcastically offered by so many of the former colleagues whose unkind words drove him to this desperate point.

specious
redundant
genuine
mephitic
noisome
feigned


15.Precisely because non-technicians often fail to relate to abstruse__________ , Riley ordered that the recruitment manual language be carefully revised to facilitate external consumption.

slang
vernacular
argot
dialect
jargon
vituperation



----------------------------------------

11.The vulnerability of communications infrastructure and the widespread dependence on the power grid make cyber-attacks a particularly__________ threat.

discerning
blunt
dubious
deleterious
unobtrusive
disruptive


12.Samuel had been disdained not for his__________ nature, which was so often inappropriate at occasions that called for a more taciturn decorum, but rather for his immoral behavior.

winsome
loquacious
exiguous
wayward
garrulous
voracious

13.Under any normal circumstance, a__________ disposition would be considered condemnable; there are occasions, however, when aggressive action represents the only acceptable alternative.

truculent
reticent
recalcitrant
begrudging
conciliatory
bellicose


14.Even in retail sales, where a certain degree of__________ is expected of those interacting with the public, a strong reputation for friendly customer service is rarely achieved.

levity
cordiality
bonhomie
magnanimity
constancy
fealty

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.6.22 PA note!

A coffee manufacturer wants more restaurant chains to serve its brands of coffee.  The manufacturer is considering a plan to offer its coffee to large chains at a significantly lower price, at least for a certain period.  This lower price initially will reduce the manufacturer's profits, but they hope to get into enough nationwide restaurant chains that their volume increases significantly.  Once they have a much higher volume, even a small increase in their price would have an enormous effect on their profits.

In evaluating the plan's chances of success, it would be most helpful to know which of the following?

A.Whether their discounted price is lower than the prices of the coffee manufacturers who currently provide coffee to these nationwide restaurant chains.
the conclusion is that by get into nationwide restaurant, they will eventually make large profits.
so to weaken it, we need to question whether they could successfully get into nationwide restaurant
B.Whether the manufacturer will use the same shipping system as it has been using to ship coffee to restaurants across the country.
not related
C.Whether the prices of some mixes of coffee will be discounted more than the prices of others.
not related to mixes of coffee
D.Whether the coffee manufacturer will be able to cut costs associated with advertising to maintain a strong profit margin even with the lower prices.
not related to advertising
E.Whether an alternate plan would allow the coffee manufacturer to take greater profits from the restaurant chains to which it currently provides coffee.
THE question asks to evaluate this plan, not related to other plan

------------------------------------------

In economics, a "Veblen good" is an item which people buy in greater quantity when the price goes up.  According to the law of supply and demand, when the price of an ordinary item goes up, demand drops, i.e. people buy fewer of them.  A Veblen good is a luxury item to which status is attached, such as a designer outfit or luxury car.  As the price of such an item increases, its prestige increases, which makes the item that much more desirable.  Therefore, as the price increases, the demand also increases, and more of these items are sold.

In the argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

This first is a piece of evidence supporting the main conclusion; the second is the main conclusion.
NOT to support
The first is a view that the author opposes; the second is the main conclusion.
NOT opposes
The first is a prediction; the second gives evidence for this prediction.
NOT prediction
The first is a general rule, the violation of which seems to indicate a paradox; the second is the resolution of that apparent paradox.
RIGHT
The first is an ironic description of what could happen in the marketplace; the second is a more realistic description of what actually happens.
NOT ironic

---------------------------------------------

The culture that seems to make the most use of foreign languages as a part of business enterprise is Japanese. Here, a wide variety of foreign names is used, depending on the particular quality of the product the manufacturer wishes to stress. In the field of car names, for example, English is used in order to convey an impression of high quality and reliability. If elegance is to be stressed, a French name is chosen. A sports car often has an Italian name.

The linguistic effects are most noticeable in television commercials, where appropriate American, French, etc. settings are used along with the foreign language (without translation). Japan is the only monolingual country to make frequent use of foreign languages (primarily French and English) in its commercials. The viewer usually does not understand them, but the connotations of prestige associated with these languages are enough to warrant their use.

Which of the following would provide the best justification for the existence of English in Japanese commercials, despite the fact that most Japanese do not understand English?

To many Japanese, the mere voicing of an English word evokes a cosmopolitan splendor, thereby conferring sophistication onto whatever is being advertised.
RIGHT, sophistication here means highly developed
Often an American or British actor will be featured in a Japanese commercial.
NOT related to actor
Some Japanese are unable to tell the difference between English that has a strong Japanese accent and English that is spoken by a native speaker.
NOT related to speaker
Japanese tend to associate French words with romance, even if they are completely unaware of the words being spoken
NOT related to French words
Some products, when advertised in English, do not always sell as well as when they are advertised in Japanese.
WEAKEN

-----------------------------------------------

Megalimpet is a nationwide owner of office space.  They have major office buildings in the downtowns of several cities in the 48 lower states, and rent this space to individual companies.  Megalimpet office spaces vary from small office to large suites, and every space has custom-designed wall-to-wall carpeting.  The carpet in several Megalimpet facilities needed replacing.  The winning bid for the nationwide carpet replacement was submitted by Bathyderm Carpet Company (BCC).  The bid contract involves all delivery costs, all installation, and any ongoing maintenance and upkeep while the carpet is under the three-year warranty.  Both BCC executives and independent consultants they hired felt BCC would be able to perform all these services for far less than their bid price; these circumstances would allow BCC to reap a considerable profit.

Which of the following, if true, most calls in question the argument that BCC will make a large profit from this contract with Megalimpet?

All the carpets will have to be transported by train from BCC factory in Louisville, KY, to Megalimpet's locations from coast to coast.

BCC has already supplied carpets to a number of restaurant chains, and some of those spaces are as large as Megalimpet's largest office spaces.

The carpet installation teams will have to cut different sizes of the carpets for the different size office suites in the Megalimpet buildings.

The material in BCC carpets degrades rapidly when it comes into contact with standard toner, found in most laser printers and photocopiers; the degraded sections are unsightly and smell bad, so they often need to be replaced.
RIGHT
The next competing bid after BCC's was 50% higher than BCC's bid.

how can I missed D!! I didn't read this choice

------------------------------------------------


When a married couple has frequent emotionally satisfying conversations, they tend in overwhelming percentages to remain married throughout their live.  Queen Melinda and Prince Jonathan, Duke of Westphalia, have been married for over sixty years, so clearly they must have emotionally satisfying conversations all the time.

This argument is most vulnerable to which criticism?

It takes a condition to be the effect of something that has happened only after the condition already existed.
NOT mentioned the effect happened before
It makes a distinction that presupposes the truth of the conclusion that is to be established.

It takes one possible cause of a condition to be the actual cause of that condition without considering any other possible causes.

It offers a conclusion that is no more than a paraphrase of one piece of the pieces of information provided in its support.

It presents as evidence in support of a claim information that is inconsistent with other evidence presented in support of the same claim.

----------------------------------

Operations at the Green Hills Gold Mine are continuously releasing mercury into the headwaters of the Apache River, and most fish in the Apache River now have mercury levels at or above the legal limit for human consumption.  With the price of gold rising, forcing more and more mining at Green Hills, there seems no hope for food fishing along the Apache River.

Which of the following plans, if feasible, would allow the state to assist the food fishing industries along the Apache?

State workers will test the algae and underwater plants for mercury, removing those above a certain mercury threshold.

These algae and plants are the principal food source of the food fish.The state bank will start to buy up large amounts of gold, preferentially buying directly from the Green Hills mines.

Every six months, the state will send testers to twelve locations along the upper and lower Apache River, to test the mercury content in the water and in fish.

The state will mount a public awareness campaign, educating private citizen and restaurateurs about the dangers of high levels of mercury in food fish.
NOT as direct as E
Immediately downstream from Green Hills, the state will install a sophisticated ionic filtration plant, which will substantially reduce the level of heavy metals (including mercury) in the water.

--------------------------------------------

Montaigne’s pursuit of the character he called Myself—“bashful, insolent; chaste, lustful; prating, silent; laborious, delicate; knowing, ignorant”—lasted for twenty years and produced more than a thousand pages of observation and revision. When he died, he was still revising and, apparently, not at all surprised, since Myself was a protean creature, impossible to anticipate but also, being always at hand, impossible to ignore.

I like to think of the essays as a kind of thriller; with Myself, the elusive prey, and Montaigne, the sleuth, locked in a battle of equals who were too close for dissimulation and too smart for satisfaction. And it may be that Montaigne did, too, because he often warned his readers that nothing he wrote about Myself was likely to apply for much longer than it took the ink he used, writing it, to dry.

As used in the passage, the word “dissimulation” connotes a sense of

deliberate malice
outright audacity
hidden deception
unfeigned delight
implied criticism

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.6.22 TC note!

1.Parson Weems, George Washington’s preeminent biographer during the president’s life, is responsible for spreading many of the ____________ we today accept as the unvarnished truth.

canards
assurances
disenchantments
enmities
certainties


2.The citizens’ movement had, to no avail, ____________ the government to concede to its demands – eventually their earnest entreaties became nothing more than a silent protest.

cited
notified
importuned
finagled
alerted

3.As the job fair neared to an end, the recent college graduate became ever more ______, desperately trying to befriend prospective employers he had earlier not even deigned to give so much as a cursory glance.

ingratiating
fawning
withdrawn
volatile
vociferous
direct

4.That we can, from a piece of art, (i) ____________ the unconscious urges of the artist—urges that remain hidden even from the artist himself—will remain a(n) (ii)______________ issue, as it is one (iii) ___________ empirical analysis: we can never definitively know what is submerged deep inside the artist’s psyche, let alone reconcile any such revelations with the artist’s work.

Blank (i)
derive
appreciate
subvert
Blank (ii)
practical
intractable
unambiguous
Blank (iii)
easily subjected to
not readily amenable to
likely to be resolved by


5.Brutus is often held up as the embodiment of ______ —yet, while it is true that he deceived his friend, Julius Caesar, one must not forget that Caesar had become both a danger to himself and the Republic.

ill-will
parsimony
treachery
selflessness
perfidy
cowardice

while in the sentence is the shift of the latter part after the dash!

6.Whether the writer’s most recent work will ____________ his status as a great novelist is debatable; that, with this work, he continues to create probing narratives that capture a country in the midst of turmoil is unassailable.

alter
cement
degrade
concern
diminish

if you continues sth, at least it won't decrease the situation


7.Many claim that the 19th Century institution of snake’s oil—the peddling of items that seldom live up to their vaunted claims—is anything but moribund; one need only look so far as the Internet to see that the tradition is ____________.

thriving
transient
peripheral
diminishing
counterfeit

I forgot the meaning of anything but again!

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015. 6.22 comprehension note!

The culture that seems to make the most use of foreign languages as a part of business enterprise is Japanese. Here, a wide variety of foreign names is used, depending on the particular quality of the product the manufacturer wishes to stress. In the field of car names, for example, English is used in order to convey an impression of high quality and reliability. If elegance is to be stressed, a French name is chosen. A sports car often has an Italian name.

The linguistic effects are most noticeable in television commercials, where appropriate American, French, etc. settings are used along with the foreign language (without translation). Japan is the only monolingual country to make frequent use of foreign languages (primarily French and English) in its commercials. The viewer usually does not understand them, but the connotations of prestige associated with these languages are enough to warrant their use.

As it appears in context, the word “warrant” (last sentence of second paragraph) most nearly means

allow for
preclude
accompany
deserve
justify

warrant means it is sure that they will do it
justify means there is a good reason to do it

------------------------------------

Senator Baker: My opponent, Candidate Rothmore, has called for increased taxes to fund programs that help the long-term unemployed of the state.  Such action would address an immediate symptom for a select group, without doing much to address the overall problems we all face.  Only through lowering taxes can we stimulate the growth of small businesses, which will revitalize the state's whole economy.  That, in turn, will result in greater prosperity and in more jobs, including jobs for those who have been unemployed for a while. Through lowering taxes, everyone wins, and those currently unemployed get the best help the economy can provide -- a real job.

In the argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

A.The first is a prediction about a recommendation the main argument opposes; the second is a conclusion drawn in order to support the main conclusion.
THE would suggests it is a prediction
B.The first is evidence supporting the main argument; the second is the main conclusion.

C.The first is a prediction that, if accurate, would provide support for the main conclusion of the argument; the second is the main conclusion.
THE unexpected result is not serving as support
D.The first is an objection that the main argument rejects; the second is a claim advanced in support of the main conclusions of the argument.

E.The first is a conclusion drawn by Senator Baker's opponent; the second is Senator Baker's main conclusion.


----------------------------------------------------------------

There has always been controversy over the nature of poetic language. To some, poetic language should be special, removed from the language of everyday (thus, the dictum, ‘The language of the age is never the language of poetry’). To others, it should be closely in touch with everyday, or, perhaps, be ‘current language heightened.’

To Ralph Waldo Emerson, the whole language is in any case ‘fossil poetry.’ Statements of this kind to some extent miss the point, which is to stress the enormous range of linguistic expression that is found under the heading poetry. At one extreme, there are poems that are as far removed from everyday speech as it is possible to imagine; at the other, there are poems that, if it were not for the division into lines, would closely resemble prose.

It can be inferred from Emerson’s quote that he implied which of the following?
RELATIVE sentence: the whole language is in any case ‘fossil poetry.’
A.Poetry has influenced colloquial speech.
B.All language eventually becomes archaic.
C.Language that is too far removed from everyday speech becomes meaningless.
D.The range of linguistic expression is vast.
E.In most societies exists a disconnection between poetry and everyday speech.

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.6.23 TC note!

1.By the time the supercilious politician finally _______        to speak to the union leader, popular opinion had already turned back towards the incumbent.

protracted
declaimed
neglected
contracted
deigned

2.Though the group can do without the clarinet player for their upcoming performance, the drummer is _______        .
important
vital
dependable
unnecessary
present


3.She was _______        but _______, which explained her frequent reticence, even when her fellow scholars were floundering over material she understood well.
Blank (i)
erudite
impecunious
prolix
Blank (ii)
sedulous
penurious
diffident


4.Instead of highlighting the practical applications of his new technique in diverse fields from law enforcement to industrial engineering, the researcher gave (i) _______        presentation focusing on the specific mechanics of the technique itself. This topic selection likely contributed to the (ii) _______the general public.

Blank (i)
an esoteric
a multifarious
a prosaic
Blank (ii)
significant indignation from
broad appeal to
sparse attendance by

5.The concept of the “numinous,” popularized by Rudolf Otto, has had a powerful influence on (i) _______ writers across (ii) _______disciplines; the idea is present in prominent psychologist Carl Jung's work as well as in C.S. Lewis's popular children's series.

Blank (i)
polemical
jejune
disparate
Blank (ii)
multifarious
parallel
serious

6.A (i) _______        of factors led the company to instigate a more iterative approach to software project management. Demands by new engineers for more consistent feedback and flexible working conditions and the (ii) _______cost overruns generated by the traditional approach were the largest, though not the only, driving forces behind the change. Although rarely at the leading edge of the adoption curve, management (iii) _______approval of the novel and untested methods in this case.

Blank (i)
volatility
occlusion
confluence
Blank (ii)
intractable
sporadic
inconsequential


Blank (iii)
expedited
begrudged
deliberated

-------------------------------------

1.The university tightened its purse strings on new hires, frustrating at least one professor hoping to negotiate a _______        for an untalented spouse who had no intention of performing actual work.

quietus
sinecure
interregnum
potlatch
rota



2.A news account recounted an amazing tale of a woman who had not sought medical attention despite the fact that her stomach had, over only a few months, (i) _______        to such an incredible degree that she could no longer fit in the drivers’ seat of her car; as it turned out, her (ii) _______midsection contained a tumor weighing nearly sixty pounds.

Blank (i)
distended
imploded
contracted
Blank (ii)
tumid
turbid
stolid


3.The two researchers were astonished to find that, after working side-by-side for months, not only were their results not (i) _______        , but the two sets of results were actually (ii) _______to the point that each of the researchers suspected an error.

Blank (i)
supplemental
in accord
logical
Blank (ii)
damaging
irreconcilable
incorrect

but shifts the blank i and ii

4.Instead of welcoming feedback, the new manager chose to (i) _______        the performance review process. After her overly (ii) _______style was critiqued, she began treating her employees in an indulgent manner, lavishing (iii) _______on each employee for completing the most menial task.

Blank (i)
deride
shun
protract
Blank (ii)
pensive
fastidious
otiose
Blank (iii)
approbations
calumnies
protocols

5.It can hardly be said that stock price is (i) _______        a company’s global environmental impact. While it may be true that the market is (ii) _______measure of a company’s financial sustainability, monetary concerns fall well behind corporate priorities and product manufacturing practices as (iii) _______of ecological influence.

Blank (i)
a result of
an indicator of
a nuisance to
Blank (ii)
an accurate
a lagging
a sporadic
Blank (iii)
gauges
derivatives
products

6.Thompson’s claim that the discovery of the sixth quark will be the last great scientific discovery is not a contention about scientific discovery itself but rather about (i) _______        such discoveries. This fact explains why Thompson’s thesis cannot be (ii) _______as easily as other seemingly similar claims for Thomson’s exhibits no unjustified prejudice in favor of present sentiment. Rather, Thomson contends that any future scientific discovery won’t be deemed significant without a foundational change in (iii) _______: energy rather than matter needs to be considered the foundational building blocks of the universe.
Blank (i)
society’s valuation of
scientists’ validation of
non-scientists’ trepidation about
Blank (ii)
adulated
rebuffed
acknowledged
Blank (iii)
ontology
countenance
epistemology

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.6.23 SE note!

12.The__________ the lawyers displayed in court lay in stark contrast to the affable attitude they displayed towards one another in every other setting.

creed
geniality
antagonism
enmity
cordial manner
dearth

13.Many in the government disagree with a plan to debunk the low budget grassroots effort to expose the frivolity of Project X; the government employee’s union, with a newly elected leadership that more closely reflects the opinions of its members,__________ Project X.

champions
venerates
fights against
is partial to
abhors
repugnates

no shift, so still reject

14.Perhaps the policy prohibiting background checks was to blame for the fact that the police force, usually staffed by men of high moral values, had been infiltrated by so many__________ .

enigmas
gentries
reprobates
rogues
vassals
bromides

15.The future of the accord was uncertain as desires to mitigate constituents’ frustrations with previous votes along party lines were balanced with seemingly__________ beliefs.

intractable
inerrant
fickle
tenebrous
pertinacious
ineffable

-------------------------------------

12.We must focus on more momentous matters rather than such__________ concerns.
submissive
obsequious
trifling
diachronic
attenuated
frivolous

13.She had one inviolate rule when hosting her famous madcap revelries: only __________ people made the guest list.
dionysian
narcissistic
saturnine
saturnalian
plutonian
hermetic

14.Given the exigent nature of the economic situation, the finance committee was pleased to hear that the governor, generally__________ in her consideration of any proposed spending, chose to deviate from her characteristic approach in making a summary decision to approve the stimulus spending.
political
spendthrift
hasty
measured
precipitate
circumspect

15.The director’s testimony was officially certified by the board as__________ : his statements were not untruthful but his omissions were significant and clearly intended.
deceitful
noteworthy
trustworthy
venerated
fraudulent
candid

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.6.23 TC note!

1.For all her brilliance, Ada was undone by a(n) _________ that led her to disparage those who took any speculation too seriously, averring that the philosophical mind worked best when it did not attach itself too strongly to any one line of thought.

cleverness
insouciance
hostility
sedulity
earnestness

2.The choreographer was mainly concerned with ____________ details, as the period production required the leads to don a number of different outfits.

frivolous
sartorial
practical
sporadic
inchoate

3.While caffeine is well-known as a stimulant, few are aware that an excess of caffeine can actually have a ____________ effect.

restorative
paradoxical
soporific
revitalizing
detrimental

4.Because the corporation has suffered consecutive quarter losses, at times arbitrarily terminating jobs, employees fondly recall the ____________ days.

prodigal
predictable
insufferable
archaic
halcyon

5.

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.6.23 SE note!

1.The marriage between the duke and the duchess was a(n) ____ affair, one that quickly devolved into public altercations operatic in scope.

protracted
notable
lengthy
international
unseemly
sordid

2.The skirmish between the two beleaguered armies occurred _______ with each side taking much needed rest during the respites.

retroactively
spasmodically
invasively
incessantly
spuriously
irregularly

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.6.24 TC very hard note!

1.The subjectivity inherent in travel is aptly captured in the range of styles used by different writers. For Hemingway, writing eighty years ago, the experience of travel—regardless of how momentous—was rendered in (i) ____________ observations, a style many of today’s writers studiously (ii) ____________. Then there is travel writer Pico Iyer, for whom a simple stroll through an airport can beget sentences bursting forth with as many semicolons as revelations. Who thought the terminal could be so (iii) ____________? Surely not many writers today.

Blank (i)
prosaic
aphoristic
sardonic
Blank (ii)
avoid
lampoon
cultivate
Blank (iii)
irrevocably wrenching
wildly unpredictable
endlessly fascinating

a latent shift is that Hemingway is opposite to Pico Iyer, while PI is wordy, then H should be aphoristic
Plus, while people don't do PI's style, so they will follow H's style, blank ii should be cultivate
blank iii focuses on endless

2.With the critics waiting in the flanks, their pens flourished like rapiers, Henderson ______________ what would inevitably be a media circus regarding the release of yet another of his popular—though always pilloried in the press—series of books featuring a dashing heroine capable of unlimited physical prowess and endless derring-do.

lampooned
balked at
steeled himself for
invited
contemplated

3.The popularization of science by writers with a knack for making the abstruse ____________ is not an exclusively modern calling. Indeed the origins of this specific craft harken back to Voltaire, who, in his Elements of the Philosophy of Newton, made the ____________ writing of the revered British physicist digestible to a lay audience.

Blank (i)
ordinary
pellucid
unapproachable
Blank (ii)
greatly cherished
practically inscrutable
virtually unknown

4.In August 27th, 1883, the Indonesian island of Krakatoa, home to a highly volatile volcano, disappeared overnight in a display of stunning geological prowess that continued ____________ even after the island had vanished, as a series of massive seismic shocks created a tsunami with waves of 150-feet high that traveled nearly a thousand miles.

furtively
haphazardly
undiminished
hypothetically
retroactively

5.The effects of radiation are ______________: only after many years, once a chronic disease surfaces, do people realize they had, at some point in their lives, been exposed.

debatable
insidious
obvious
indiscernible
benign

6.For Nancy, teatime was no mere ______________: she was so persnickety that each step of the process—heating, steeping, and stirring—was executed with the solemnity and exactitude of a surgeon.

respite
duress
vocation
ceremony
gambit

7.Lambert, in his latest thesis, is guilty of (i) ____________ Nietzsche’s conception of eternal recurrence, a scholarly transgression that results mainly from his propensity to (ii) ____________ multiple sources. That his interpretation seems (iii) ____________ may indeed obscure the fact that he liberally combined ideas drawn from numerous works, many of them contemporary, a fact that, in part, accounts for the dubious validity of his overall project.

Blank (i)
equivocating upon
misconstruing
undervaluing
Blank (ii)
enjoin
conflate
misquote
Blank (iii)
tentative
cohesive
disjointed

obscure the fact implies that iii is opposite to combining a lot of different things = cohesive

8.That the web may seem some ____________ phenomenon, hardly rooted in the physical world, is a notion clearly ____________ by the existence of “server farms,” sprawling forests of metal that, figuratively speaking, provide the backbone of the Internet.

Blank (i)
ethereal
ephemeral
faddish
Blank (ii)
buttressed
betrayed
unsupported''

9.That the web may seem some ____________ phenomenon, hardly rooted in the physical world, is a notion clearly ____________ by the existence of “server farms,” sprawling forests of metal that, figuratively speaking, provide the backbone of the Internet.

Blank (i)
ethereal
ephemeral
faddish
Blank (ii)
buttressed
betrayed
unsupported

blank i is opposite to root, so ethereal
the latter part talks about root thing, so ii should be unsupported

10.Amongst business school students exists a(n) (i) ______________ that the more (ii) ____________ the material, the less bearing it will have on their respective futures. This unspoken notion is by no means (iii) ____________ by the finding that business leaders who read voraciously cite as their favorite works books that offer practical guidance on how to succeed.

Blank (i)
apt supposition
representative trend
tacit belief
Blank (ii)
topical
esoteric
theoretical
Blank (iii)
supported
redressed
challenged

if ii means practical, then iii should be supported, but no practical choice for ii and the logic is not very smooth
if ii means theoretical(opposite to the latter part), then the logic could make sense

11.Whether repression has come from the church or from a totalitarian state, science has always been an imperiled endeavor, but to claim that it will only flourish in times of libertarian rule is not a(n) ____________ conclusion. A(n) ____________ government is not the same as one that actively takes an interest in funding science – and the latter may well be, in some respects, ____________.

Blank (i)
superficial
ineluctable
tentative
Blank (ii)
despotic
aloof
permissive
Blank (iii)
corrupt
inviolate
autocratic


the third blank has a subtle shift!!

12.Our ____________ of the world is only possible through the ____________ of the eye and brain. For without light striking the retina, there would be no image for the occipital lobe to project, so to speak, onto the conscious mind. And without the occipital lobe to ____________ visual input from the eyes, there would be no coherent reality.

Blank (i)
intimation
apprehension
interpolation
Blank (ii)
percipience
construal
collaboration
Blank (iii)
manage
reform
locate

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.6.27 PA note!

Dolphins can swim at high speeds and achieve high acceleration in the water. In 1936, Sir James Gray calculated the force dolphins should be able to exert based on their physiology. He concluded that the propulsive force they were able to exert was not enough to explain how fast they swim and accelerate. In the 2000s, experimenters used special computer-enhanced measurements of the water in which dolphins were swimming. Through mathematical modeling, they were able to measure the force dolphins exert with their tails. As it turns out, dolphins exert considerably more force with their tails than Sir James Gray or anybody else ever expected. Therefore, the force exerted by their tails easily explains how fast they swim and accelerate.

In the argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

A.This first is a piece of evidence supporting the main conclusion; the second is the main conclusion.
B.The first is a false conclusion based on an incorrect premise; the second is the revised conclusion drawn from the corrected premise.
As it turns out, dolphins exert considerably more force with their tails than Sir James Gray or anybody else ever expected.
THIS is a revision
C.The first is an opinion the author seeks to refute; the second is the opinion the author supports.
if the goal of the author were really were refute the first statement, he/she would use language like "however/but/yet/on the contrary" after presenting the opinion to be refuted and then directly present the evidence
D.The first is a prediction that, if accurate, would provide support for the main conclusion of the argument; the second is the main conclusion.
E.The first is a generally held assumption; the second is a conclusion that violates that assumption.

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The average size of marine life that washes up on the shore of the Japanese island Ryukyu is smaller than the average size that washes up on the Western coast of Australia. Giant squid have recently been found washed up on the shores of Ryukyu as well as the Western coast of Australia. It can be concluded that the average size of the giant squids on the shore Ryukyu must be less than that of giant squids washed up on the shores of Western Australia.

The argument above can be attacked on the grounds that it does which of the following?

It fails to distinguish between giant squids and more diminutive variants.
B.It assumes that a general pattern is likely to hold true in a specific case.
THE general pattern is that average size of all marine life, the specific case is giant marine life.
so the conclusion of a general pattern cannot extend to a specific case.
C.It discounts the possibility that the largest giant squid was found on the shores of Ryukyu.
It mistakenly asserts that one instance holds true for all cases.
It does not discuss the size of the giant squid compared to other squids.

----------------------------

Riders who wear bicycle helmets can greatly reduce the risk of significant injury. Therefore, doctors working in an emergency room can expect that out of cyclists admitted to hospitals those wearing bicycle helmets will have injuries that are less severe than those not wearing a helmet.

Which of the following is necessary to evaluate the argument?

AThe probability that those cyclists admitted to an emergency room have suffered similar accidents in the past
B.The durability of bicycle helmets over the course of many years
C.The number of riders wearing bicycle helmets compared to the number not wearing helmets
D.Whether the bicycling activities of cyclists using a helmet differs from the activities of those not wearing a helmet
E.The number of medical staff who are in the emergency room when an injured cyclist arrives

amazing logic, I don't think either of the choices is right
D if whether are doing the same activities (intimation: equal injuries) is equal to similar accidents

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The rate of health complications of patients on intravenous (IV) therapy at a particular hospital were higher than usual.  Government inspectors found that the typical IV solutions used in this hospital had somewhat high concentrations of sodium and potassium, which were raising patients' blood pressure and taxing their kidneys.  The government inspectors mandated lowering the sodium and potassium in these IV preparations, and threatened with a possible government fine.  In compliance, the hospital lowered the sodium and potassium levels in the IV solutions to the correct levels.  Nevertheless, patients on IV therapy at that hospital continued to have a high rate of health complications.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain why acting on the government inspectors' recommendations failed to achieve its goal?

The change in IV solution procedure meant a number of related legal documents had to be renegotiated and rewritten, at great cost.
B.When sodium and potassium levels in the blood fall below their baseline level, it can damage cells throughout the body by reverse osmosis.
relative sentence: In compliance, the hospital lowered the sodium and potassium levels in the IV solutions to the correct levels.
correct levels not below baseline level
C.It is typical for a patient's appetite to increase to healthy levels once they have completed a course of IV therapy.
D.A high proportion of patients at this hospital are older, and older patients are more vulnerable to infections that can accompany IVs.
THIS can be a reason for the high rate of health complications
E.Because the findings were published in the news, some patients have chosen to use another hospital in the region.

I could have done this right if I had thought more carefully and cleared the logic

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Oceanologist: Recently an unprecedented number of dead dolphins washed ashore along the mid-Atlantic coast. In the blood of over half of the dolphins, marine biologists discovered a brevotoxin that had been emitted by the alga Ptychodiscus brevis, in what is known as a red tide. Additionally, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), a toxic industrial compound, was also found in the dolphin’s blood. A reasonable conclusion, and indeed one many have drawn, is that the dolphins were simply victims of the brevotoxin. Nonetheless, brevotoxins, by themselves, are not lethal to dolphins, though they do tax the dolphins system. Furthermore, most dolphins have some accumulated brevotoxins in their blood without suffering any ill health effects. Therefore, the brevotoxins alone cannot explain the mass beaching of dead dolphins.

Which of the following, if true, does most to help explain the oceanologist’s doubt that the brevotoxins were the primary cause of the dolphins washing upon shore?

A.Most stricken dolphins that wash upon shore, whether or not they eventually die, tend to do so in the Gulf of Mexico.
not related to Mexico
B.Shortly before the dolphins washed ashore, a major oil spill not only caused algae to release brevotoxins but also released an array of deleterious industrial pollutants, including PCB.
this one includes the element of PCB
C.While PCB can cause metabolic imbalances in dolphins so that they stop eating prematurely, the dose of PCB a dolphin encounters in the wild is unlikely to pose a lethal threat to a dolphin.
this choice is opposite to the potential reason
D.Scientists, near to the site of the beached dolphins, discovered a group of beach sea otters exhibiting similar symptoms as the dolphins.
not related to sea otters
E.PCB and brevotoxins exercise different effects on an organism, with PCB causing visible lesions.
not related to visible or invisible

the logic of the passage is that two toxic elements have been found in dolphins' blood, while one of the toxic elements ---- brevotoxins ---- seems to be nonlethal. so the possible explanation is that the other element ---- PCB ---- causes the death

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无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.6.27 TC note!

1.That, through no fault of his own, George Cuvier, the father of extinction theory, has mostly slipped into obscurity, his name typically surfacing only in paleontology journals, is an outcome that—given his field and his claim that his work would endure—smacks of ___________.

unexpectedness
arrogance
magnanimity
irony
insignificance

2.The columnist was so vehement in his opposition to the divisive issue of fracking that even when he moderated his comments his piece was too _________________ for publication.

astute
volatile
incendiary
censored
inscrutable

3.

Victormaggie131UID: 3629608

楼主 强悍  同考N次  分数低   加油~

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

Four legal approaches may be followed in attempting to channel technological development in socially useful direction: specific directives, market incentive modifications, criminal prohibitions, and changes in decision-making structures. Specific directives involve the government’s identifying one or more factors controlling research, development, or implementation of a given technology. Directives affecting such factors may vary from administrative regulation of private activity to government ownership of a technological operation. Market incentive modifications are deliberate alterations of the market within which private decisions regarding the development and implementation of technology are made. Such modifications may consist of imposing taxes to cover the costs to society of a given technology, granting subsidies to pay for social benefits of a technology, creating the right to sue to prevent certain technological development, or easing procedural rules to enable the recovery of damages to compensate for harm caused by destructive technological activity. Criminal prohibitions may modify technological activity in areas impinging on fundamental social values, or they may modify human behavior likely to result from technological applications—for example, the deactivation of automotive pollution control devices in order to improve vehicle performance. Alteration of decision-making structures includes all possible modifications in the authority, constitution, or responsibility of private and public entities deciding questions of technological development and implementation. Such alterations include the addition of public-interest members to corporate boards, the imposition by statute of duties on governmental decision-makers, and the extension of warranties in response to consumer action.
Effective use of these methods to control technology depends on whether or not the goal of regulation is the optimal allocation of resources. When the object is optimal resource allocation, that combination of legal methods should be used that most nearly yields the allocation that would exist if there were no external costs resulting from allocating resources through market activity. There are external costs when the price set by buyers and sellers of goods fails to include some costs, to anyone, that result from the production and use of the goods. Such costs are internalized when buyers pay them.
Air pollution from motor vehicles imposes external costs on all those exposed to it, in the form of soiling, materials damage, and disease: these externalities result from failure to place a price on air, thus making it a free good, common to all. Such externalities lead to nonoptimal resource allocation, because the private net product and the social net product of market activity are not often identical. If all externalities were internalized, transactions would occur until bargaining could no longer improve the situation, thus giving an optimal allocation of resources at a given time.
17.        The passage is primarily concerned with describing
(A) objectives and legal method for directing technological development
(B) technical approaches to the problem of controlling market activity
(C) economic procedures for facilitating transactions between buyers and sellers
(D) reasons for slowing the technological development in light of environmentalist objections
(E) technological innovations making it possible to achieve optimum allocation of resources
18.        The author cites air pollution from motor vehicles in lines 54-56 in order to
(A) revise cost estimates calculated by including the costs of resources
(B) evaluate legal methods used to prevent technological developments
(C) give examples of costs not included in buyer-seller bargains
(D) refute hypotheses not made on the basis of monetary exchange values
(E) commend technological research undertaken for the common welfare
19.        According to the passage, transactions between private buyers and sellers have effects on society that generally
(A) are harmful when all factors are considered
(B) give rise to ever-increasing resource costs
(C) reflect an optimal allocation of natural resources
(D) encompass more than the effects on the buyers and sellers alone
(E) are guided by legal controls on the development of technology
20.        It can be inferred from the passage that the author does NOT favor which of the following?
(A) Protecting the environment for future use
(B) Changing the balance of power between opposing interests in business
(C) Intervening in the activity of the free market
(D) Making prices reflect costs to everyone in society
(E) Causing technological development to cease
21.        A gasoline-conservation tax on the purchase of large automobiles, with the proceeds of the tax rebated to purchasers of small automobiles, is an example of
(A) a specific directive
(B) a market incentive modification
(C) an optimal resource allocation
(D) an alteration of a decision-making structure
(E) an external cost
22.        If there were no external costs, as they are described in the passage, which of the following would be true?
(A) All technology-control methods would be effective.
(B) Some resource allocations would be illegal.
(C) Prices would include all costs to members of society.
(D) Some decision-making structures would be altered.
(E) The availability of common goods would increase.
23.        The author assumes that, in determining what would be an optimal allocation of resources, it would be possible to
(A) assign monetary value to all damage resulting from the use of technology
(B) combine legal methods to yield the theoretical optimum
(C) convince buyers to bear the burden of damage from technological developments
(D) predict the costs of new technological developments
(E) derive an equation making costs depend on prices
24.        On the basis of the passage, it can be inferred that the author would agree with which of the following statements concerning technological development?
(A) The government should own technological operations.
(B) The effect of technological development cannot be controlled.
(C) Some technological developments are beneficial.
(D) The current state of technological development results in a good allocation of resources.
(E) Applications of technological developments are criminally destructive.

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

Four legal approaches may be followed in attempting to channel technological development in socially useful direction: specific directives, market incentive modifications, criminal prohibitions, and changes in decision-making structures. Specific directives involve the government’s identifying one or more factors controlling research, development, or implementation of a given technology. Directives affecting such factors may vary from administrative regulation of private activity to government ownership of a technological operation. Market incentive modifications are deliberate alterations of the market within which private decisions regarding the development and implementation of technology are made. Such modifications may consist of imposing taxes to cover the costs to society of a given technology, granting subsidies to pay for social benefits of a technology, creating the right to sue to prevent certain technological development, or easing procedural rules to enable the recovery of damages to compensate for harm caused by destructive technological activity. Criminal prohibitions may modify technological activity in areas impinging on fundamental social values, or they may modify human behavior likely to result from technological applications—for example, the deactivation of automotive pollution control devices in order to improve vehicle performance. Alteration of decision-making structures includes all possible modifications in the authority, constitution, or responsibility of private and public entities deciding questions of technological development and implementation. Such alterations include the addition of public-interest members to corporate boards, the imposition by statute of duties on governmental decision-makers, and the extension of warranties in response to consumer action.
Effective use of these methods to control technology depends on whether or not the goal of regulation is the optimal allocation of resources. When the object is optimal resource allocation, that combination of legal methods should be used that most nearly yields the allocation that would exist if there were no external costs resulting from allocating resources through market activity. There are external costs when the price set by buyers and sellers of goods fails to include some costs, to anyone, that result from the production and use of the goods. Such costs are internalized when buyers pay them.
Air pollution from motor vehicles imposes external costs on all those exposed to it, in the form of soiling, materials damage, and disease: these externalities result from failure to place a price on air, thus making it a free good, common to all. Such externalities lead to nonoptimal resource allocation, because the private net product and the social net product of market activity are not often identical. If all externalities were internalized, transactions would occur until bargaining could no longer improve the situation, thus giving an optimal allocation of resources at a given time.
17.        The passage is primarily concerned with describing
(A) objectives and legal method for directing technological development
(B) technical approaches to the problem of controlling market activity
(C) economic procedures for facilitating transactions between buyers and sellers
(D) reasons for slowing the technological development in light of environmentalist objections
(E) technological innovations making it possible to achieve optimum allocation of resources
18.        The author cites air pollution from motor vehicles in lines 54-56 in order to
(A) revise cost estimates calculated by including the costs of resources
(B) evaluate legal methods used to prevent technological developments
(C) give examples of costs not included in buyer-seller bargains
(D) refute hypotheses not made on the basis of monetary exchange values
(E) commend technological research undertaken for the common welfare
19.        According to the passage, transactions between private buyers and sellers have effects on society that generally
(A) are harmful when all factors are considered
(B) give rise to ever-increasing resource costs
(C) reflect an optimal allocation of natural resources
(D) encompass more than the effects on the buyers and sellers alone
(E) are guided by legal controls on the development of technology
20.        It can be inferred from the passage that the author does NOT favor which of the following?
(A) Protecting the environment for future use
(B) Changing the balance of power between opposing interests in business
(C) Intervening in the activity of the free market
(D) Making prices reflect costs to everyone in society
(E) Causing technological development to cease
21.        A gasoline-conservation tax on the purchase of large automobiles, with the proceeds of the tax rebated to purchasers of small automobiles, is an example of
(A) a specific directive
(B) a market incentive modification
(C) an optimal resource allocation
(D) an alteration of a decision-making structure
(E) an external cost
22.        If there were no external costs, as they are described in the passage, which of the following would be true?
(A) All technology-control methods would be effective.
(B) Some resource allocations would be illegal.
(C) Prices would include all costs to members of society.
(D) Some decision-making structures would be altered.
(E) The availability of common goods would increase.
23.        The author assumes that, in determining what would be an optimal allocation of resources, it would be possible to
(A) assign monetary value to all damage resulting from the use of technology
(B) combine legal methods to yield the theoretical optimum
(C) convince buyers to bear the burden of damage from technological developments
(D) predict the costs of new technological developments
(E) derive an equation making costs depend on prices
24.        On the basis of the passage, it can be inferred that the author would agree with which of the following statements concerning technological development?
(A) The government should own technological operations.
(B) The effect of technological development cannot be controlled.
(C) Some technological developments are beneficial.
(D) The current state of technological development results in a good allocation of resources.
(E) Applications of technological developments are criminally destructive.

万里追风兽UID: 3526862

楼主，请教303楼的第4题
原文第二段最后说Arthur“absent from Bede's early-8th-century Ecclesiastical History of the English People, another major early source for post-Roman history.”就是说书里没有提Arthur，那么A选项是怎么推出来的呢？