有木有潜伏在G版的托福党啊，寻找托福口语小伙伴啊！！

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2015.6.17 comprehension note!

Researchers, investigating the link between daily coffee consumption and learning, claim that subjects who consumed one cup of coffee a day for one week (the equivalent of 50 mg per day) exhibited improvements in declarative memory. Furthermore, the study revealed that such improvements were longer-lasting than those witnessed in a control group served decaffeinated coffee (decaffeinated contains negligible amounts of caffeine). After a week of learning a list of facts, the subjects who consumed one cup of coffee were able to recall these facts with significantly more accuracy.

While daily coffee consumption may aid in the process of forming a greater number of short-term memories, and increase the likelihood that these memories will be stored in long-term memory, the study glosses over an important fact. Many exhibit sensitivities to caffeine, including headaches (both migraine and non-migraine), sleeplessness, heightened anxiety and any number of factors that, when working either alone or in tandem, may actually lead to a decrease in the observed link between caffeine and learning. Nonetheless, despite the fact that the study represents a random sampling—and thus any number of subjects can exhibit any number of reactions to caffeine—if enough subjects continue to display signs of improvements in learning, then this result would not be inconsistent with the study’s findings. Still, until the researchers either release more details of this study, or subsequent studies are conducted, the extent to which those with caffeine sensitivity influenced the observed link between coffee consumption and memory will not be fully known.

1.Regarding coffee’s effectiveness on memory amongst those who do not display “sensitivities to caffeine,” the author assumes that

A.more rigorous analysis in the form of follow up studies must be conducted
B.the researchers must be more forthcoming in their findings
C.this group displayed a uniform tendency
and thus any number of subjects can exhibit any number of reactions to caffeine
SO who aren't sensitive to caffeine would exhibit similar = uniform reactions = tendency
D.any positive effects will be negated by the effects exhibited by those with sensitivities to caffeine
E.this effectiveness was fleeting, and tended to all but disappear within a week of the study

2.Select the sentence in which the author expresses an opinion towards the results of the study.

While daily coffee consumption may aid in the process of forming a greater number of short-term memories, and increase the likelihood that these memories will be stored in long-term memory, the study glosses over an important fact.

the author thinks the study should include sth, that is an opinion towards its results, not only to the design of the study
amazing logic


Nonetheless, despite the fact that the study represents a random sampling—and thus any number of subjects can exhibit any number of reactions to caffeine—if enough subjects continue to display signs of improvements in learning, then this result would not be inconsistent with the study’s findings.

this sentence states an assumption and the potential result of this assumption, not the study


3.The primary purpose of the passage is to

A.discredit the findings of a study due to flaws in the design of the study
the passage doesn't focus on the findings of a study, but the design or process of the study
B.point out a factor that may modify the extent of certain findings
talks about the "sensitivity to caffeine“
C.show how results in a finding were unintentionally fabricated
not fabricated, wrong
D.bolster an argument concerning the interaction of learning and caffeine intake
narrow the scope
E.expand on several oversights of a noteworthy study
Not OVERSIGHTS

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2015.6.18 TC note!

logic summary!

1.Without food and water, Mike continued back to camp in a ____________ fashion, moving slowly and with great difficulty.=labored

huffy
labored
morose
apathetic
consistent

2.Until Walt Whitman, there was no ______________ American voice in poetry; true, the poems of Emerson are highly esteemed today, but the prosody of those poems are not altogether different from that of England’s Lake Poets.

influential
celebrated
solitary
distinct
general


3.Vast swathes of suburbia have turned into a ____________: homeowners, unable to pay their mortgages, have simply left their domiciles, creating a veritable graveyard of empty houses.

bonanza
defection
necropolis
monument
haven


4.Despite a(n) ____________ beginning, the election campaign quickly devolved into ____________and acrimony, with each side casting aspersions.

Blank (i)
auspicious
turbulent
publicized
Blank (ii)
capitulation
calumny
serenity


5.Paul spoke ____________, and would stop and start frequently, at times uttering nothing more than a few unintelligible syllables.

cogently
arrogantly
haltingly
ceaselessly
noiselessly

he does stop, so eliminate ceaseless

6.At first inspired by anything but a practical solution to its pressing budget issues, the committee, after a series of blunders, finally opted for a more ____________ approach.

anything but practical, the opposite to practical

profligate
comprehensive
pragmatic
roundabout
emulative

7.A fungus toxic to amphibians will be ____________ to the already ____________ African Foam-nest Tree Frog, a species endemic to Central Africa. Due to deforestation, its numbers have long been dwindling.

Blank (i)
noteworthy
disastrous
unrecognizable
Blank (ii)
imperiled
endemic
flourishing


8.Even in his advanced years, Winston Churchill maintained a ____________ greater than that of someone half his age.

candidness
vitality
maturity
lethargy
wisdom

9.With his support ____________, the candidate announced his decision to ____________  his election campaign, rather than carry on what would only be a futile struggle.

Blank (i)
waning
steadying
surging
Blank (ii)
end
boycott
petition

10.Spending five minutes in the sun will most likely have a(n) ____________ effect on one’s skin; spending fifteen minutes, on the other hand, can lead to burning and, over time, fine wrinkles.

harmful
demonstrable
enduring
indeterminate
benign


11.Long the bane of many a traveler, the anopheles mosquito may soon cease to be an intolerable nuisance – scientists are working to completely ____________ the species, by preventing its eggs from ever hatching.

rehabilitate
inoculate
desiccate
eradicate
disservice


12.Many professions have their respective____________, a unique vocabulary, which, to the uninitiated, can oftentimes seem downright inscrutable.

ethos
jargon
code
downsides
elixir


13.At times ____________ , she could just as suddenly become ____________, a change in mood that was favorable yet so unpredictable as to be jarring.

Blank (i)
affable
morose
magnanimous
Blank (ii)
aloof
selfish
jubilant

14.Writing well is not so much a matter of inspiration as it is (i)______________; just as the scientist toiling away in an attic, or the athlete training even in inhospitable conditions, a writer too must be (ii)______________.

inspiration kind of like sth suddenly occurs to you, and doesn't take long period of time
so the opposite should be lasting for a while

Blank (i)
forethought
perseverance
carelessness
Blank (ii)
candid
yielding
tenacious

15.The professor’s ____________ demeanor not only made others reluctant to approach her, but also ____________ the intellectual growth that comes from the ____________ of ideas.

Blank (i)
cheerful
meek
disdainful
Blank (ii)
limited
invited
facilitated
Blank (iii)
repudiation
interchange
repression


16.Many legends from jazz and rock music were ____________ – indeed, many argue that the distinctive styles of Thelonious Monk and Jimmy Hendrix can be attributed to the fact that both were mostly self-taught.

potentates
autodidacts
miscreants
pundits
renegades


17.Tossing about in a tempest, the fishing vessel sent a message that was so ____________ as to be incomprehensible.

urgent
bleak
elaborate
prominent
garbled

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2015.6.18 comprehension note!

For hot desert locations with access to seawater, a new greenhouse design generates
freshwater and cool air. Oriented to the prevailing wind, the front wall of perforated
cardboard, moistened and cooled by a trickle of seawater pumped in, cools and moistens
hot air blowing in. This cool, humidified air accelerates plant growth; little water
evaporates from leaves. Though greenhouses normally capture the heat of sunlight,
a double-layered roof, the inner layer coated to reflect infrared light outward, allows
visible sunlight in but traps solar heat between the two layers. This heated air, drawn
down from the roof, then mixes with the greenhouse air as it reaches a second
seawater-moistened cardboard wall at the back of the greenhouse. There the air
absorbs more moisture, which then condenses on a metal wall cooled by seawater, and
thus distilled water for irrigating the plants collects.

4. It can be inferred that the greenhouse roof is designed to allow for which of the
following?
A The avoidance of intense solar heat inside the greenhouse
mixed, not avoidance of intense solar heat, but infrared light
B The entry of sunlight into the greenhouse to make the plants grow
right, allows visible sunlight in
C The mixture of heated air with greenhouse air to enhance the collection of
    moisture
mixed, moisture is the air in the greenhouse, the mixture won't enhance the collection of moisture

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2015.6.18 TC note!

1.In conservative scientific circles, embracing an unorthodox theory, especially one that is backed up by little empirical evidence, is tantamount to ____________; indeed, any scientist who does so may be ____________ .

Blank (i)
eccentricity
reversion
heresy
Blank (ii)
vanquished
lionized
ostracized


2.Managers who categorically squelch insights from low-tiered employees run the obvious hazard of (i) ____________ creativity; conversely, these very same managers are more likely to (ii)____________ any ideas that flow down from the top brass.

Blank (i)
fomenting
smothering
sparking
Blank (ii)
unquestioningly embrace
arbitrarily denounce
conditionally approve

3.Because reading on the Web entails quickly scanning and sorting through a deluge of information, many wonder if our level of engagement with the text has been ____________ or if the ability to read closely and carefully is one that can be ____________ if we simply spend more time immersed in a book.

obviously blank i and blank ii are opposite, and could get back = tentatively, so blank i should be irreparable which implies permanently. pay attention restored does not fit

Blank (i)
irreparably compromised
tentatively disrupted
permanently restored
Blank (ii)
fully reactivated
further degraded
summarily disregarded

4.True, to the classically trained ear, Haydn’s early works can often seem ____________, a mishmash of motifs from which anything fresh has been wrung dry by subsequent composers—to the ears of Haydn’s contemporaries, however, Haydn’s music was ____________.

Blank (i)
complex
predictable
hackneyed
Blank (ii)
refreshingly novel
prematurely antiquated
highly derivative


5.Modern psychoanalysis is ___________ Freud, for while he bequeathed us an effective heuristic for understanding the human psyche, he is also guilty of perpetuating many untruths.

dismissive of
ambivalent toward
condemnatory of
indifferent to
uninformed about

6.Whether the network renews the latest pilot series ____________ the critical assumption that the audience will not only empathize with a male protagonist very different from it, but will continue to do so once he begins to commit acts that are clearly reprehensible.

invites
supports
stems from
indulges in
hinges upon

7.For a writer with a reputation for both prolixity and inscrutability, Thompson, in this slim collection of short stories, may finally be intent on making his ideas more ________________ to a readership looking for quick edification.

aesthetic
prescient
palatable
inaccessible
transcendent

8.Traditionally (i) _________ in their criticism of the hazards of nuclear power—which are undeniably pressing—many environmental groups failed to cite any viable energy alternatives; still, these very groups often (ii) __________ the success of “green technologies,” innovations that, until very recently, were able to provide only a fraction of the power required to sustain a populace.

Blank (i)
muted
vociferous
misguided
Blank (ii)
derided
trumpeted
condoned


9.Presidents who filled their cabinets with (i) ______________ viewpoints tend to have a more storied legacy than those whose cabinets were made up of men with a more (ii) ______________ outlook, men who dissented little with their respective presidents.

Blank (i)
belligerent
dissimilar
educated
Blank (ii)
provincial
uniform
robust

10.The public education sector typically sees an increase in enrollment during a recession, as parents are less likely to opt for costly private schools, a trend that sounds like a(n) (i) _________ for unemployed teachers. Yet what often happens during a recession is that those who are chronically unemployed (ii) _________ the education profession, thereby saturating the market with teachers and even leading longtime educators, particularly those not protected by unions, to lose their jobs.

Blank (i)
boon
alarm
catastrophe
Blank (ii)
enter
disregard
praise

11.The professor repelled many students with his ____________ asides, often droning on about some trivial academic point.

subtle
alluring
pedantic
contemptuous
edifying


12.Hoping for a fresh ____________ of cash, the nascent public works program had to shut down when [funds were color=Red]not forthcoming.

reprisal
dispersal
liquidity(not corresponding to forthcoming)
infusion
instantiation

13.To the ____________ eye the jungle canopy can seem little more than a dense latticework of branches and leaves. For the indigenous peoples of the Amazon, even a small area can serve as a veritable ____________ of pharmaceutical cures. The field of ethnobotany, which relates both to the natural pharmacy offered up by the jungle and the peoples who serve as a store of such knowledge, has become increasingly popular in the last decades as many anthropologists, hoping to take advantage of this vast bounty, learn the language and customs of the tribes in order to ____________ them thousands of years worth of knowledge.


Blank (i)
untutored
sophisticated
veteran
Blank (ii)
cornucopia
invasion
dissemination
Blank (iii)
glean from
allot to
purge from

14.That the nightmarish depictions common to most early 20th century dystopian novels are exaggerated should by no means diminish the _________ power of these works, for many of the visions they conjure up are reflected, albeit in less vivid form, in many totalitarian governments today.

synoptic
ephemeral
comprehensive
apolitical
prophetic


15.As editors, each of the two writers served as a(n) (i) ________ the other’s rhetorical excesses, so that each submitted news articles free of unnecessary (ii) ________.

Blank (i)
inspiration for
check on
foil for
Blank (ii)
bias
equivocations
embellishments

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.6.18 SE note

1.As the salesman became increasingly glib, promising that there was nothing the warranty would not cover, Xavier sensed that the entire operation was a(n) _____ and quickly walked out.

risk
distraction
fraud
enterprise
racket
success

risk and enterprise describe the situation that X has already trust the salesman and given money to him. He would have the risk of losing money.

2.[While the kitchen may be free of the toxins polluting the outdoors, certain cooking implements, when heated at high temperatures, can release _____ vapors.

rancid
noxious
evanescent
targeted
unorthodox
dangerous

3.A _____ wit, Noel Coward could elicit laughs in a variety of ways-- through his musical compositions, theater plays, and numerous acting roles.

somber
besotted
secular
versatile
uniform
protean

4.While she had the _____ talent to be a professional comedian, her stage fright precluded any such forays into this demanding career.

necessary
minimal
requisite
inestimable
paucity of
excess of

5.After years of assiduously cultivating an image of integrity, the mayor was acutely aware that just one scandal could forever ______ his reputation in the public’s eyes.

bolster
besmirch
tarnish
promulgate
mollify
solidify


6.With the scandal _____ tarnishing his reputation, the judge was forced to give up jurisprudence.

unfairly
remotely
irrevocably
equivocally
permanently
peripherally

7.Augustine's sylvan sketches evoke a _____ in the viewer that echoes the very repose during which the artist himself rendered these woodland scenes.

weariness
contemplativeness
tranquility
mistrust
serenity
skepticism

8.The proliferation of cell phones with multi-pixel digit cameras has enabled even the most ________ photographers amongst us to become citizen journalists.

adept
intrepid
unseasoned
skilled
amateur
stereotypical

9.After the botched elections, the country descended into _____ with many of the stronger taking advantage of the weaker amidst the lawlessness.

turmoil
antipathy
exclusivity
corruption
indifference
chaos

10.In the last few decades, technological progress has proceeded at such a dizzying rate that, beyond the obvious advantages a given technology confers on the user, the non-specialist becomes ________ when pressed to explain how anything really works.

elegiac
belligerent
confident
baffled
complacent
perplexed

11.The market continued to be _____, shifting on a moment’s notice.

unpredictable
volatile
ascendant
uninterrupted
open
porous

12.Now that even the most unenlightened citizen can create a popular news blog, we must be ____ when relying on news sources that do not fall under the rubric of traditional media.

idealistic
skeptical
wary
open-minded
inflexible
forgiving

13.Water experts predict that unless the coming year’s rainfall will be significantly above average, the city’s denizens, regardless of any protestations, will have to _____ their water usage.

curtail
intensify
administer
denote
disseminate
limit

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2015.6.19 TC hard note!

1.Cryptozoology is predicated on a notion that is every bit as ___________ as the very quarry it aims to study: one cannot disprove the existence of that which does not exist.

mysterious
irrefutable
cautious
elusive
fundamental


2.In his critique of the student’s ____________ essay, the writing instructor mostly focused on ____________ details, leading many in the class to believe he was either oblivious to the subtleties of the piece or simply envious of the student.

Blank (i)
meandering
polemical
probing
Blank (ii)
trifling
nuanced
significant

3.Whereas the incumbent’s opponents feverishly worked around the clock, digging up seemingly irrelevant information only to contort a(n) (i) _________ incident so that it appeared unequivocally damning, the incumbent himself resorted to no such (ii) _________ and preferred instead to calumniate his opponents during highly publicized debates.

contort adj. = the opposite to adj

Blank (i)
benign
unambiguous
disgraceful
Blank (ii)
desperate subterfuge
concealed outpouring
subtle promotion

4.Many are quick to contend—albeit falsely—that the personal essay, given the few slim anthologies released last year, is a(n) ____________ genre: historically, the form has always played second fiddle to the more brash acts, such as the novel or long-form journalism.

eminent
limited
moribund
fleeting
provocative

5.Thumbing his nose with equal derision at Mozart as he did at Monet, Thomas was an avowed ____________, treating all arts with contempt.

aesthete
secularist
chauvinist
inquisitor
philistine

equal Mozart to Monet shows Thomas knowing nothing about art -- philistine

6.Fenton’s motives were clearly ____________ , yet Fenton tried, in the most ingratiating way, to ____________ his innocence.

Blank (i)
aboveboard
base
overt
Blank (ii)
maintain
dismiss
hide

yet means shift, so blank i should be opposite to innocence, only B possible has this meaning

7.Vascoux, in not exclusively ______________ the tenets of modern jazz, imbues his trumpet playing with a pathos reminiscent of the Romantic composers.

catering to
undermining
debunking
hewing to
validating

8.Mulcahy, in averring that most literary criticism has become so filled with abstruse jargon as to be practically indecipherable to anyone save its practitioners, is himself (i) ___________: his main point will be discernible only to the very community he seeks to (ii) ___________.

Blank (i)
uncertain
complicit
enlightened
Blank (ii)
defend
impugn
inform

the first part conveys strong criticism, thus inform would be too neutral

9.For all his ____________, Honore de Balzac betrayed a remarkable ____________ to the plight of 19th century women, populating his novels with characters sympathetic to women’s rights.

Blank (i)
affability
diffidence
boorishness
Blank (ii)
contemptuousness
sensitivity
obliviousness

sympathetic determines that blank ii is positive, so choose E
and for means opposite, so choose the word opposite to sensitivity, only boorishness which means carelessness matches. I can regard careless as care a little, while sensitivity means care a lot

10.Countless generations have been divided on Mendelssohn’s ____________—should he inhabit the same pantheon as Bach and Haydn, or be ____________ to the ranks of could-have-beens? After all, it can be argued that his ____________ came at the age of 14 with his Octet in E-flat, a work, many believe, the composer never eclipsed in his remaining twenty-six years.

Blank (i)
technique
posterity
legacy
Blank (ii)
relegated
elevated
sublimated
Blank (iii)
apogee
precocity
nadir

11.Some note that the increase in the Native American powwow--an intertribal affair of song, dance, and storytelling, all intrinsic aspects of Native American culture--serves to (i) ______________ the very culture it presumably aims to (ii) ______________. They argue an overarching cultural narrative emerges, one that (iii)______________ the narrative of any one tribe.

Blank (i)
erode
distill
empower
Blank (ii)
foster
undermine
question
Blank (iii)
subsumes
elaborates upon
overcomes

12.An efflorescence of creativity rarely occurs in a ____________ milieu; even a modicum of strife, whether in the home or in society at large, can spur great work in both art and literature.  

contentious
genial
stagnant
compromised
exposed


13.There is a rising consensus amongst immunologists that the observed rise in allergies in the general population can be attributed to (i) ____________ exposure to everyday germs. Known as the hygiene hypothesis, this counterintuitive idea could have far reaching implications—for one, we may now have to be more (ii)____________ those paternal prescriptions to scrub our children’s hands at every opportunity.

Blank (i)
frequent
decreased
heightened
Blank (ii)
wary of
cognizant of
indifferent to

14.Due to recent advances in technology, archaeologists have the potential of ____________, even from the tiniest fragments, the provenance of pottery shards.

interpreting
interring
determining
reconstructing
relating

15.Claire’s moods shifted drastically and unexpectedly – one moment she was ____________, chatting lively, the next she was ____________, looking forlornly out of the window.

Blank (i)
prolific
dysphoric
ebullient
Blank (ii)
unflappable
taciturn
despondent

16.News blogs have become popular, as many offer ____________ commentary not found in most traditional media, which tend to eschew publishing writing that may be deemed offensive by some.

fastidious
trenchant
poignant
timely
insightful

17.Berolucci found most climes ____________ to his creativity; often, he would travel to remote locations, as he believed such places to be less likely to chase off his fickle muse.

inimical
conducive
antithetical
inspiring
antiseptic

remote implies an specific intention of finding this place, so the remote locations are not among most climes

18.Keane argues that the political conditions during the early years of the United States were, if anything, (i) ___________ to the formation of a nation united by one document: the Constitution. Rather, had it not been for a few men—Keane invokes the triumvirate of Jefferson, Hamilton, and Madison—to (ii) ___________ the Constitution, despite the seemingly implacable opposition of anti-Federalists, the central government would have had to (iii) ___________ matters of rule to the individual states.

Blank (i)
permissive
conducive
inimical
Blank (ii)
challenge
champion
undermine
Blank (iii)
cede
reintroduce
deny

would have had implies a condition which is opposite to the reality

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2015.6.19 TC very hard note!

1.She was not so (i) ______________  as to begrudge the mathematician the fanfare he received after purportedly solving a hitherto intractable problem in number theory; nevertheless, once the furor died down she was not (ii) ______________ in pointing out what she believed to be some notable inconsistencies in his proof.

Blank (i)
savvy
self-effacing
churlish
Blank (ii)
loath
charitable
unstinting

not ____ to begrudge
so blank i is negative, the first part in all is positive
nevertheless means shift
so the latter part is negative


2.All too often scientists are quick to ____________ findings that ostensibly fail to mesh with their own research; nonetheless, such a response is ____________ compared to the ____________, if not downright contemptuous, attitude they take towards a theory that questions the very foundation upon which their work rests.

Blank (i)
discuss
doubt
clutch at
Blank (ii)
unquestionably vitriolic
positively muted
slightly undiplomatic
Blank (iii)
complacent
convivial
dismissive

the word "very" or "contemptuous" implies that the second part is negative, so choose dismissive
fail to mesh implies negative as well, so choose doubt
doubt compared with dismissive, obviously, former one is muted than latter one

3.As spurious sightings of imaginary creatures that have captured the popular mind (i) ______________, however (ii) ________________ a story may be, once it has been circulated enough times, it will gather a patina of (iii) ______________.

Blank (i)
diminish
entail
suggest
Blank (ii)
clever
apocryphal
captivating
Blank (iii)
neglect
truth
deceit

just word problem

4.The theoretical physicist, despite his mathematical training, oftentimes must deal with questions that fall under the realm of the philosophical. Nonetheless, he will often marshal formulae when they serve to ____________ a theory, notwithstanding the fact that many such theories are not ____________ empirical analysis, as those theories deal with questions whose answers may ultimately be unknowable.

Blank (i)
undermine
conflate
undergird
Blank (ii)
unrelated to
commensurate with
amenable to

5.While society may regard science as some ____________ activity closed off to the ____________ masses, the daily life of a scientist--driving to work each day, checking emails, meeting deadlines--can seem ____________.

Blank (i)
grand
arcane
illicit
Blank (ii)
disheveled
benighted
huddled
Blank (iii)
irredeemably
Click to define this word
prosaic
surprisingly quotidian
Click to define this word
relentlessly hectic

masses means the majority of people who has ordinary knowledge

6.ansen’s writing strikes many as (i) ______________ : for one who is capable of enduing even the most recondite topics with a(n) (ii) ______________ tone, his prose becomes (iii) ______________ in the informal correspondences he had with his contemporaries.

Blank (i)
pedantic
forbidding
paradoxical
Blank (ii)
acerbic
cautious
breezy
Blank (iii)
curiously stilted
fully realized
somewhat unguarded

recondite -- breezy, easy one -- stilted, this is contradict = paradoxical

7.The number of speeding tickets one receives is by no means a reliable measure of ____________. Some ____________ drivers, in fact, prove that in certain cases the inverse is true. That is those savvy enough to have availed themselves of the latest cellular phone applications receive up-to-the-minute information on the presence of highway patrolmen—greater excess speed, in these instances, simply implies a greater ____________.

Blank (i)
awareness
culpability
susceptibility
Blank (ii)
affluent
intrepid
resourceful
Blank (iii)
degree of confidence
sense of vulnerability
likelihood of entrapment

the blank iii should be opposite with intuition, eliminate H, I
the driver who is confidence should be experienced = resourceful
by no mean indicates blank i should be the opposite to resourceful = culpability

8.According to Lackmuller’s latest screed, published under the title, Why We Can’t Win at Their Game, special interest groups not nominally tied to ecological concerns have become so (i) ___________ the process of environmental policymaking that those groups who actually aim to ensure that corporate profit does not trump environmental health have been effectively (ii) __________. Lackmuller’s contention, however, is (iii) __________ in that it fails to account for the signal achievements environmental groups have effected over the last 20 years—often to the chagrin of big business.

Blank (i)
marginalized in
indebted to
influential in
Blank (ii)
vindicated
squelched
lionized
Blank (iii)
somewhat tentative
rarely myopic
highly misleading

structure: L argues: special interest groups have become so (i) ___________ the process of environmental policymaking. Lackmuller’s contention, however, is (iii) __________ in that it fails to account for the signal achievements.
so what implies excessively, so blank iii should be misleading

detail structure: special interest groups not nominally tied to ecological concerns have become so (i) ___________ the process of environmental policymaking that those groups who actually aim to ensure that corporate profit does not trump environmental health have been effectively (ii) __________.
浅绿是深绿的定语，紫色是谓语，橙色引导一个同位语从句也是为什么这个影响很大。橙色后灰色是橙色定语从句，蓝色引导ensure的宾语从句，是产生影响的具体内容——成功阻止了只顾利益不顾环境的企业。

9.For an artist of such circumscribed talent, Mario was given ____________ attention, many connoisseurs ____________ over works that warranted nothing more than a(n) ____________ glance.

Blank (i)
scant
sporadic
scrupulous
Blank (ii)
poring
passing
faltering
Blank (iii)
derisive
cursory
tentative

for always means shift in GRE TC
normally, artist with a circumscribed talent deserves little attention, the opposite would be a lot or careful = blank i
no shift till blank ii, so it should be careful = pore
works related to circumscribed talent, a work like that deserves little attention = cursory

10.Pared down over the years to the point of ____________, Stockton’s prose nevertheless preserves the writer’s insights - indeed they are ____________ than ever.

Blank (i)
austerity
abstraction
artlessness
Blank (ii)
keener
more vague
more formal

pare down = cut down, eliminate artlessness, this is an intentional behavior
the insight is a good thing, so no shift then blank iii should be positive, F is neutral, only D suits

11.That traditional forms of media—despite considerable variance in the quality of writing—tend to report on a range of issues (i) ____________ by the demands of the readership should (ii) ____________ those who believe that the demise of each media outlet signals a lamentable reduction in the scope of news reported.

Blank (i)
unbounded
circumscribed
sensationalized
Blank (ii)
discourage
mollify
rile up

range means bound = circumscribed
since each media's report range circumscribed by readers which tending to be the same group
then the content of the news would not change if one newspaper shut down


12.However much the economist trumpeted his ____________, his accurate prediction of a major downturn was not as ____________ as he led the public to believe; for years he had been prophesying fiscal doom.

Blank (i)
affluence
veracity
prescience
Blank (ii)
uncanny
unambiguous
provident

only word problem


13.For someone so ____________ in his delivery, Quentin was remarkably relaxed during his presentation, any trace of affectation gone.

arbitrary
guileless
studied
fastidious
conceited

14.A new school of thought has it that innate talent can be conveniently ____________ a series of readily ____________ factors – Mozart’s genius then is no divine blessing of the type conferred on a select few, but is simply the result of a patriarchal father who stressed, above else, thousands upon thousands of hours of grueling practice.

Blank (i)
reduced to
misattributed to
measured by
Blank (ii)
intrusive
quantifiable
pervasive

there is no shift, and the second part says Mozart's genious resulted from practice which is not innate talent
so the first blank should be negative, to negate the effect of innate talent

15.That we may become flaccid after our rivals have been vanquished, and we are surrounded by those friendly to our interests, is in no way a(n) ____________ observation. Still, history is rife with examples where a sense of ____________ pervades once a people has achieved victory. Yet, even were this insight more ____________, few would take notice, as human nature is wont to ignore future threats in times of prosperity.

Blank (i)
pithy
trite
astounding
Blank (ii)
duty
camaraderie
complacency
Blank (iii)
widely circulated
clearly unassailable
hastily dismissed

yet + pervasive, shift to few

16.James Clerk Maxwell once remarked that the best scientists are, in a sense, the ____________ ones; not hemmed in by the ____________ of their respective fields, they are able to approach problems with a(n) ____________ mind, so to speak.

Blank (i)
adaptable
revolutionary
ignorant
Blank (ii)
myopia
preconceptions
inertia
Blank (iii)
fertile
rational
empty

blank i should be amenable to blank iii

17.She gave him a(n) ____________ look that was not so much ____________ as it was ____________.

Blank (i)
knowing
encouraging
unequivocal
Blank (ii)
accusatory
approbatory
fastidious
Blank (iii)
egregious
tentative
admonitory

the only method is trying, and find a better arrangement

18.When researchers follow the scientific method, the absence of ____________ proof by no means suggests a theory lacks validity. Indeed, no theory is ____________ : each can always be subject to further testing and scrutiny, and thus, by definition, remains ____________.

Blank (i)
ineffable
sufficient
irrefutable
Blank (ii)
cherished
porous
unassailable
Blank (iii)
equivocal
suspect
provisional

word problem

19.Vermeer is able to imbue his paintings with a saintliness verging on the ____________, a quality that is in sharp juxtaposition to the ____________ of his subjects: a milkmaid preparing breakfast, a servant tidying up a messy kitchen.

Blank (i)
artificial
numinous
hagiographic
Blank (ii)
similarity
Click to define this word
conviviality
banality

20.At once pioneering and ____________, her work owes a substantial debt to her predecessors, many of whom grant she has done ____________ to advance the field.

Blank (i)
subtle
visionary
derivative
Blank (ii)
little
much
nothing

grant A sthB = give A sthB
grant (she has done = work) (to advance the field = sthB)

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.6.19 TC hard note!

1.The term “robber barons”, which refers to those powerful business moguls at the turn of the 19th Century, is hardly a(n) ____________,  despite some of these robber barons outward gestures of philanthropy. Infamous for their insatiable ____________, the robber barons were finally held in check by the ascendancy of a more powerful centralized government.

Blank (i)
anachronism
misnomer
provocation
Blank (ii)
braggadocio
cupidity
truculence

2.Giacomo’s concerti, much like the composer himself, were a ____________ affair. Fits of passion would, without warning, give way to sudden idylls, as though the composer had been trying to ____________ his inner conflicts. Only in his later works, which are far more abstract, does he eschew trying to capture his inner states.

Blank (i)
mercurial
rambling
torrid
Blank (ii)
exorcise
foreshadow
mirror

word problem

3.The travelogue is a thorny genre, even for seasoned writers, for one must ______________ a curious balance between inspired navel-gazing and reportage with a cosmopolitan slant.

boast
deconstruct
effect = bring into existence
inhibit
forsake

word problem

4.By the beginning of the 20th Century, piano pedagogy had advanced fingering technique to such a degree that even students with a ____________ were able, with targeted practice, to execute thorny passages, while exuding the ____________ of a polished salon pianist.

Blank (i)
modicum of dexterity
semblance of pitch
consummate technicality
Blank (ii)
superciliousness
sanguineness
aplomb

pianist can't be superciliousness, nor sanguineness(not mentioned anything about optimistic)

5.Unless the current practice of deforestation is ____________ by no less than a global committee, the world’s biodiversity will continue to ____________, robbing posterity of potential pharmacological breakthroughs.

Blank (i)
entailed
championed
sanctioned
Blank (ii)
ebb
flourish
ameliorate

6.What is the greatest novel of all-time? Many top-100 lists have been proffered, purporting to resolve this very issue. Yet the ____________ those compiling these rankings suggests that any definitive list is not ____________.

Blank (i)
consensus amongst
divergence of opinion of
collective repute
Blank (ii)
far off
forthcoming
laudable

they can't reach agreement, so the list can be made up

7.With numerous exciting public works projects in the offing, residents are understandably (i) ____________ ; yet because such prodigious undertakings are inevitably plagued with numerous setbacks, much of the fervor is likely to be (ii) ____________ a heavy dose of reality.

Blank (i)
vexed
concerned
agog
Blank (ii)
tempered with
intensified by
precluded by

fervor should better be tempered, not precluded

8.Gearing up for the 2008 Olympics, the city of Beijing worked with impressive ____________: the National Stadium, colloquially referred to as the Bird’s Nest, a work of such grandiosity that most municipalities would have labored five years to complete, was finished in less than half that time.

repute
tyranny
Click to define this word
dispatch
hardiness
insolence

word and apprehension

9.The critics were so ____________ in their ____________ that Scheinhauer, a librettist known to become squeamish after a light smattering of applause, retreated from public view.

Blank (i)
merciless
fulsome
opaque
Blank (ii)
praise
condemnation
derision

squeamish to smattering of applause
retreated because great = fulsome applause = praise

10.While the aviators had hoped for no ____________ meteorological events, the weather became increasingly ____________ , with wind tossing their plane as they crossed the Pacific.

Blank (i)
crucial
untoward
propitious
Blank (ii)
torrid
inclement
predictable

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.6.19 comprehension note!

By 1950, the results of attempts to relate brain processes to mental experience appeared rather discouraging. Herring suggested that different modes of sensation, such as pain, taste, and color, might be correlated with the discharge of specific kinds of nervous energy. However, subsequently developed methods of recording and analyzing nerve potentials failed to reveal any such qualitative diversity. Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view, namely, that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as "common currency" throughout the nervous system. According to this theory, it is not the quality of the sensory nerve impulses that determines the diverse conscious sensations they produce, but rather the different areas of the brain into which they discharge, and there is some evidence for this view. In one experiment, when an electric stimulus was applied to a given sensory field of the cerebral cortex of a conscious human subject, it produced a sensation of the appropriate modality for that particular locus, that is, a visual sensation from the visual cortex, an auditory sensation from the auditory cortex, and so on. However, cortical locus, in itself, turned out to have little explanatory value.

Which of the following best summarizes the author‘s opinion of the suggestion that different areas of the brain determine perceptions produced by sensory nerve impulses?
AIt is a plausible explanation, but it has not been completely proved.
not mentioned plausible
BIt is the best explanation of brain processes currently available.
not mentioned best
CIt is disproved by the fact that the various areas of the brain are physiologically very similar.
not disproved
DThere is some evidence to support it, but it fails to explain the diversity of mental experience.
only because this is better than E
EThere is experimental evidence that confirms its correctness
not having shift

quick method, since there is a "however" at the end of the passage, the choice should have a shift as well

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.6.20 comprehension note!

Sleep-learning experiments are notoriously difficult to conduct. For one thing, one must be sure that the subjects are actually asleep and stay that way during the "lessons." The most rigorous trials of verbal sleep learning have failed to show any new knowledge taking root. While more and more research has demonstrated the importance of sleep for learning and memory consolidation, none had managed to show actual learning of new information taking place in an adult brain during sleep.

Recently, however, researchers chose to experiment with a type of conditioning that involves exposing subjects to a tone followed by an odor, so that they soon exhibit a similar response to the tone as they would to the odor. The pairing of tones and odors presented several advantages. Neither wakes the sleeper (in fact, certain odors can promote sound sleep), yet the brain processes them and even reacts during slumber. Moreover, the sense of smell holds a unique non-verbal measure that can be observed -- namely sniffing. The researchers found that, in the case of smelling, the sleeping brain acts much as it does when awake: We inhale deeply when we smell a pleasant aroma but stop our inhalation short when assaulted by a bad smell. This variation in sniffing could be recorded whether the subjects were asleep or awake. Finally, this type of conditioning, while it may appear to be quite simple, is associated with some higher brain areas -- including the hippocampus, which is involved in memory formation.

In the experiments, the subjects slept in a special lab while their sleep state was continuously monitored. As they slept, a tone was played, followed by an odor -- either pleasant or unpleasant. Then another tone was played, followed by an odor at the opposite end of the pleasantness scale. Over the course of the night, the associations were partially reinforced, so that the subject was exposed to just the tones as well. The sleeping volunteers reacted to the tones alone as if the associated odor were still present -- by either sniffing deeply or taking shallow breaths. The next day, the now awake subjects again heard the tones alone -- with no accompanying odor. Although they had no conscious recollection of listening to them during the night, their breathing patterns told a different story. When exposed to tones that had been paired with pleasant odors, they sniffed deeply, while the second tones -- those associated with bad smells -- provoked short, shallow sniffs.

The team then asked whether this type of learning is tied to a particular phase of sleep. In a second experiment, they divided the sleep cycles into rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep, and then induced the conditioning during only one phase or the other. Surprisingly, they found that the learned response was more pronounced during the REM phase, but the transfer of the association from sleep to waking was evident only when learning took place during the non-REM phase. The researchers suggest that during REM sleep we may be more open to influence from the stimuli in our surroundings, but so-called "dream amnesia" -- which makes us forget most of our dreams -- may operate on any conditioning occurring in that stage of sleep. In contrast, non-REM sleep is the phase that is important for memory consolidation, so it might also play a role in this form of sleep-learning.


1.The first paragraph serves primarily to

A.capture the complexity of an ongoing controversy
not related to the controversy, only difficulty
B.describe the current state in a particular field of study
RIGHT
C.anticipate difficulties related to certain forms of research
no anticipation, just states the facts
D.elaborate on a novel approach to a lingering question
no novel approach in the first paragraph
E.introduce a particular methodology
no particular methodology

2.According to the passage, sniffing, as it relates to the experiment described in the passage, primarily

A.poses both advantages and disadvantages to researchers
B.offers researchers a quantifiable physiological response that exhibits little variation between sleeping and waking states
right, the sleeping brain acts much as it does when awake
C.provides researchers with a means of observing certain behaviors
not to measure behaviors, but to use this behavior to measure sleep-learning
D.enables scientists to study the effect of sleep on memory consolidation
E.functions as a non-verbal measure of changes that occur in lower areas of the brain
mixed： the sense of smell holds a unique non-verbal measure that can be observed -- namely sniffing
not mentioned lower areas of the brain

3.Which of the following is NOT supported by the passage?

A.Subjects only exhibit a learned response to a pleasant or unpleasant smell upon waking.
also to tunes
B.The conditioning observed in the experiment tends to involve, almost exclusively, higher brain areas.
not mentioned exclusively
is associated with some higher brain areas -- including the hippocampus, which is involved in memory formation.
C.The process of learning during sleep includes a combination of both REM and non-REM sleep.
In a second experiment, they divided the sleep cycles into rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep
this is equal to a combination

amazing logic


4.The primary purpose of the passage is to

A.describe the difference between REM sleep and non-REM sleep in regards to learning
narrow the scope, not only REM
B.explore the implications of an experiment on the consolidation of memory during non-REM sleep
narrow the scope, not only REM
C.illustrate the effects of sleep on learning
no illustrate
D.repudiate several claims made by sleep researchers
no repudiate
E.discuss how specific results were obtained using a new means of dealing with a hitherto difficult problem
right, key word is new means

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.6.20 TC note!

That the psychopharmacological journal had already published the findings of the clinician’s experiment rendered ____________ any prior misgivings she had regarding the validity of her control group.

extant
moot
fallacious
topical
retroactive


render moot sth is like to say that the thing proved to be moot = of little significance

2.Recent meteorological conditions in areas of the northeastern part of the country have been so ____________as to leave scientists ____________. Even those models scientists developed to ____________ these extreme outliers have been found wanting.

Blank (i)
predictable
aberrant
taxing
Blank (ii)
indifferent
dumbfounded
crestfallen
Blank (iii)
accommodate
circumscribe
discount

3.The incumbent was so roundly trounced in the latest polls that any notion he had at winning the election was illusory, nothing more than a(n) ____________.

folly
intrigue
chimera
convenience
presumption

chimera relates to illusory better than folly

4.____________, she suddenly became ____________ , even conspiratorial, as the detectives, who had been stymied and had all but given up on extracting an iota of evidence from her, took sedulous notes.

Blank (i)
Unbidden
Aghast
Surprised
Blank (ii)
sullen
contentious
forthcoming

blank i is used to describe SHE. she wouldn't feel surprised about her own behavior


5.When sketching, Pablo Picasso moved with a ______ that made his creations all the more astonishing – he could finish an entire work in the time many artists took to arrange their implements.

purity
celerity
fecklessness
semblance
deliberation
swiftness

6.The stage of daytime talk shows has become our Roman coliseum – the audience, hissing and booing, ____________ the “culprit,” who is forced to justify some unseemly behavior.

conciliates
remediates
lauds
execrates
stymies

7.The author, mocked by many for his simple, almost childlike prose, can at least not be begrudged the distinction of writing with _________.

geniality
naivety
gusto
anonymity
lucidness

blank should be related to simple but better than simple= lucidness, not naivety, for no one would envy for naivety

8.The latest biography on J. R. Oppenheimer, in attempting to dispel the pervasive notion that he was a(n)  ____________, only ____________ such a view: seemingly every one of Oppenheimer’s quirks is related with gleeful fondness.

Blank (i)
egomaniac
eccentric
reactionary
Blank (ii)
overturns
perpetuates
invalidates

9.Compared to the rococo flourishes typical of Thomas Chippendale’s creations, Matthew Taylor’s armoires were positively ________.

banal
austere
otherworldly
intricate
humdrum
spartan

10.It ill behooves the president elect to forthwith ______________ the policies that kept his predecessor in good standing on both sides of the political divide.

enact
abrogate
promulgate
require
embrace

12.The biographer who provides a ____________ of detail, even when those details are accurate, ____________ of distorting reality; the greater the number of facts that have to be fashioned into a ____________ narrative, the greater the chance that the narrative, regardless of how consistent, will in any number of ways fail to accord with what really happened.

Blank (i)
wealth
paucity
smattering
Blank (ii)
has an unlikely chance
runs a heightened risk
concocts a plan
Blank (iii)
cumbersome
cohesive
profound


13.History has recast the 15th century Florentine monk Girolamo Savonarola as a rabble-rousing zealot lording over the "bonfire of the vanities”; yet this so-called _______ --mainly because he directed his censure at the church--was a crusader for austerity and thus a check on a papacy that had run a course of profligacy.

ascetic
nonpartisan
heretic
martyr
libertine

14.

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.6.20 comprehension note!

I submit that impact of solid bodies is the most fundamental of all interstellar processes that have taken place on the terrestrial planets: without impact, Earth, Mars, Venus, and Mercury would not exist.

Simply put, the collision of smaller objects is the process by which the terrestrial planets were born. On the surface, that the geological record of the earliest history of impacts on the terrestrial planets has been lost, is troubling. As the process is self-erasing, to a certain extent, the earliest record would have been lost even if processes of melting and internal evolution of the planets had not occurred. But much of the record of the last stages of accretion of the planets is preserved, especially on the moon, Mercury, and Mars. In fact, the last stage of accretion is still going on, albeit at a very slow rate.

This is fortunate, because we can study many aspects of the processes of planetary birth by investigation of the nature of small bodies that still exist, the dynamics of their orbital evolution, and the effects that they produce when they ultimately collide with a planet. If impact and accretion were not still occurring, it would be hard to come to grips with a number of difficult problems of planetary origin and early evolution.

The author suggests that at least some of “a number of difficult problems...” can be understood by

extrapolating from observable phenomenon
anticipating the result of the collision of small bodies
studying the rate of accretion on planets
observing the internal process of planets
discounting the dynamics of how orbits change over time

relative sentence: This is fortunate, because we can study many aspects of the processes of planetary birth by investigation of the nature of small bodies that still exist

------------------------------------

①Writers are necessarily ambivalent about any kind of recognition—honors, prizes, simple praise—because they are ambivalent about their relationship to the present. ②The first audience that a writer wants to please is the past—the dead writers who led him to want to write in the first place. ③Forced to admit that this is impossible, he displaces his hope onto the future, the posterity whose judgment he will never know. ④That leaves the present as the only audible judge of his work; but the present is made up of precisely the people whom the writer cannot live among, which is why he subtracts himself from the actual world in order to deposit a version of himself in his writing. ⑤The approbation of the living is thus meaningful to a writer only insofar as he can convince himself that it is a proxy for the approbation of the past or the future—insofar as it becomes metaphorical.

1.The author of the passage believes that writers are ambivalent to recognition because it is

A.rarely commensurate to the way in which posterity will regard a writer’s work
B.only of consequence in the future, yet an author will never know what the future thinks of his or her work
C.typically bestowed in the present, whereas a writer is more concerned with approbation from the past and the future
① point about the problem is they don't get the relationship with the present
②③ respectively talks about the writers' efforts to get along with the past and the future

D.unfairly meted out to those who possess only a modicum of talent
E.mostly unrelated to the quality of a writer’s prose

2.Select a sentence in the passage whose function is to describe the manner in which a writer resigns him- or herself to writing for the present.

I mistook  ③ because I saw the word was future in the question(what's wrong!)

⑤ is an assessment, only ④ matches

-------------------------------------

What little scholarship has existed on Ernest Hemingway--considering his stature--has focused on trying to unmask the man behind the bravura. Ultimately, most of these works have done little more than to show that Hemingway the myth and Hemingway the man were not too dissimilar (Hemingway lived to hunt big game so should we be surprised at his virility, not to mention that of many of the author’s--chiefly male--protagonists?). In the last few years, several biographies have reversed this trend, focusing on Hemingway near the end of his life: isolated and paranoid, the author imagined the government was chasing him (he was not completely wrong on this account). Ironically, the hunter had become the hunted, and in that sense, these latest biographers have provided--perhaps unwittingly--the most human portrait of the writer yet.

1.It can be inferred from the passage that the author considers the latest Hemingway biographies a departure from traditional biographies in that these latest biographies

A.focus on a much overlooked aspect of the writer’s body of work

B.depict Hemingway in a manner that is at odds with the myth of Hemingway
THE trend is: to show that Hemingway the myth and Hemingway the man were not too dissimilar
C.claim that Hemingway was similar to several of his chief protagonists in his books

D.suggest that Hemingway lacked the virility many associated with him

E.do not attempt to explore the link between Hemingway the man and Hemingway the myth
the trend does not emphasize on exploring the link

2.With which of the following would the author of the passage agree?

A.The prevalence of scholarship on Hemingway is commensurate with his renown as a writer.
not mentioned prevalence of scholarship, only the prevalent trend in observing him
B.The latest Hemingway biographies consciously intended to show Hemingway’s vulnerabilities.
not mentioned vulnerabilities, isolated and paranoid are not vulnerabilities
C.Until recently, Hemingway biographies had shown a similar trend.

------------------------------------

Both darkly comic and deeply tragic, Guy’s biography of the 12th archbishop of Canterbury Sir Thomas Becket, is a portrait of a saint with plenty of shadows. Does it diminish Becket for us to know that this future martyr in a hair shirt (clothing worn by ascetics) also made sure to keep a fine silk robe handy for his return to Canterbury, a stately progress one chronicler compared to Christ’s entry into Jerusalem? That his abstemious diet was partly the result of a lifelong susceptibility to chronic, and debilitating, indigestion? That one of his oldest and closest friends would have found his canonization “utterly absurd”? Only if we prefer the black-and-white certainties of hagiography to the convincingly human portrayal of a charismatic, contradictory individual who was, as Guy puts it, “as prickly as he was smooth . . . a man with the habits of a hedgehog.”

1.The primary purpose of this passage is to

a.provide insight into the contradictions of a historical figure

b.enumerate the shortcomings of a piece of literature

c.praise a work for favoring a complex portrayal over a simple one

d.criticize practices particular to a certain time

e.present a balanced depiction of a well-known historical person



2.The author’s tone towards Guy’s biography of Becket can best be described as

apologetic

neutral

ambivalent

sardonic

appreciative


-------------------------------------

Demotic Greek (language of the people) is the modern vernacular form of the Greek language, and refers particularly to the form of the language that evolved naturally from ancient Greek, in opposition to the artificially archaic Katharevousa, which was the official standard until 1976. The two complemented each other in a typical example of diglossia, or the existence of two forms of a language (usually a “high” and a “low”) employed by the same speaker depending on the social context, until the resolution of the Greek language question in favor of Demotic.

Demotic is often thought to be the same as the modern Greek language, but these two terms are not completely synonymous. While Demotic is a term applied to the naturally evolved colloquial language of the Greeks, the modern Greek language of today is more like a fusion of Demotic and Katharevousa; it can be viewed as a variety of Demotic which has been enriched by "educated" elements. Therefore, it is not wrong to call the spoken language of today Demotic, though such a terminology ignores the fact that modern Greek contains - especially in a written or official form - numerous words, grammatical forms and phonetical features that did not exist in colloquial speech and only entered the language through its archaic variety. Additionally, even the most archaic forms of Katharevousa were never thought of as ancient Greek, but were always called "modern Greek", so that the phrase "modern Greek" applies to Demotic, Standard Modern Greek and even Katharevousa.

The passage supports which of the following regarding Demotic Greek?

A.It shares many common features with Katharevousa
CONTRADICT: in opposition to the artificially archaic Katharevousa,
B.It can be traced back to ancient Greek
RIGHT: emotic Greek (language of the people) is the modern vernacular form of the Greek language, and refers particularly to the form of the language that evolved naturally from ancient Greek
C.It does not represent an example of diglossia
CONTRADICT:  The two complemented each other in a typical example of diglossia
D.It does not relate to the social context
CONTRADICT:  The two complemented each other in a typical example of diglossia, or the existence of two forms of a language (usually a “high” and a “low”) employed by the same speaker depending on the social context
E.It is synonymous with modern Greek
CONTRADICT: Demotic is often thought to be the same as the modern Greek language, but these two terms are not completely synonymous

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.6.20 PA note!

In an effort to recruit the most qualified educators, New Way Education has begun to canvas for potential teachers in top-ranked universities throughout the country. Those students who show interest in becoming teachers are put through rigorous training that includes a final test, in which students must effectively teach a 15-minute mock classroom to a team of New Way Education trainers. Therefore, those who are selected to teach at New Way Education are some of the best educators in the industry and will create a positive learning experience for students in their classrooms.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument rests?

The skills a prospective educator displays in the 15-minute mock classroom transfer with a high degree of reliability to an actual classroom setting.
sentence translation problem. here "transfer" is similar to "equal"

Students who express interest in the initial college recruiting session are actually those students who will go on to make the best teachers.
The top educators in the industry all have a similar style of teaching.
Many educators at New Way Education have little to no formal experience in the classroom.
There is a high degree of variability in the quality of instructors at New Way Education.

---------------------------------------

Due to an easing of state sanctions against hunting, Deersdale Preserve has experienced an influx of hunters in the last several months. During this time, the silvertail fox, a popular target for hunters, has seen a marked decrease in population. Therefore, to prevent the population of silvertail fox—an important apex predator responsible for keeping the Deersdale County’s rabbit population in check—from falling even lower, the state should once again place strict sanctions against hunting.

Which of the following, if true, may suggest that stricter sanctions against hunting would not have the desired effect?

A.The population of rabbits has surged ever since the hunting sanctions in Deersdale County were lifted.
strengthen
B.The silvertail fox population varies greatly throughout the year, especially during winter when prey becomes scarce.
SO The decrease didn't result from hunting, then then ban would not have the expected effect
C.The local authorities are expecting even more hunters in the coming year to arrive to the park.
contradict
D.The silvertail fox had been experiencing a population surge shortly before the state sanctions against hunting were eased.
strengthen
E.The grey wolf, a large predator that competes with the silvertail fox over Deersdale Preserve’s rabbit population, has seen its numbers decrease since the arrival of the hunters.
not related to fox

------------------------------------------

In a freshman biochemistry class at Newton University, the teacher assigns the class only ‘A’s, ‘B’s’ or ‘C’s. The average on the semester final for the class of 2012 was five points lower than that of the class of 2011. Therefore, the percent of students who received ‘C’s was greater in 2012 than in 2011.

Which of the following, if true, suggests the conclusion above is not necessarily valid?

A.There was a greater number of students in the 2011 class than in the 2012 class.
IT talks about percent, not number
B.The percent of students who received ‘A’s in 2011 was less than in 2012.
strengthen
C.Five more students received ‘A’s in 2012 than in 2011.
like B
D.The same number of students received ‘B’s in 2011 as in 2012.
strengthen
E.The percent of students who received ‘B’s was greater in 2012 than in 2011.

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.6.20 comprehension note!

Dickens is so brilliant a stylist, his vision of the world so idiosyncratic and yet so telling, that one might say that his subject is his unique rendering of his subject, in an echo of Rothko’s statement, “The subject of the painting is the painting”—except of course, Dickens’s great subject was nothing so subjective or so exclusionary, but as much of the world as he could render. If Dickens’s prose fiction has “defects”—excesses of melodrama, sentimentality, contrived plots, and manufactured happy endings—these are the defects of his era, which for all his greatness Dickens had not the rebellious spirit to resist; he was at heart a crowd-pleaser, a theatrical entertainer, with no interest in subverting the conventions of the novel as his great successors D.H. Lawrence, James Joyce, and Virginia Woolf would have; nor did he contemplate the subtle and ironic counterminings of human relations in the way of George Eliot and Thomas Hardy, who brought to the English novel an element of nuanced psychological realism not previously explored. Yet among English writers Dickens is, as he once called himself, part-jesting and part-serious, “the inimitable.”

1.According to the passage, as a result of Dicken’s disinclination to subvert the conventions of his time, his prose fiction is characterized by

“unique rendering of his subject”
“ironic counterminings”
“contrived plots”
“nuanced psychological realism”
“world so idiosyncratic”

If Dickens’s prose fiction has “defects”—excesses of melodrama, sentimentality, contrived plots, and manufactured happy endings—these are the defects of his era, which for all his greatness Dickens had not the rebellious spirit to resist
he didn't resist to such defects, so the results was he had defects

2.Which of the following regarding Dickens can be inferred from the passage?

He was aware of the stylistic conventions of his time.
relative: these are the defects of his era
He preferred to be exhaustive rather than selective.
relative: but as much of the world as he could render
all - exhaustive
He greatly influenced James Joyce and Virginia Woolf.

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.6.21 note

1.Consider the spheres of human conduct carefully delineated and harmonized by the modern legal system, which is based on the idea that one person’s [color=Redfreedom ]ends where it begins to _______        another person’s freedom.

constitute
impinge upon
decimate
dampen
rule over

2.Though he did his best to cheer her, his pep talk left her just as _______        as before.

bored
disconsolate
chirpy
disturbed
distant

3.Once the formerly nomadic people developed farming and settled in a valley rich in natural resources and protected from invaders, they were able to live a (i) _______        existence for hundreds of years, a period which was (ii) _______only in the twentieth century when contact with Westerners destroyed that way of life.

Blank (i)
inveterate
fatuous
halcyon
Blank (ii)
scotched
hindered
initiated


4.The issue of cafeteria size was in fact (i) _______        to the town’s school redistricting plans. Despite including (ii) _______classrooms, Lakewood Middle School lacked the cafeteria facilities to allow additional students to eat lunch within a reasonable time frame.

Blank (i)
germane
salubrious
extraneous
Blank (ii)
superfluous
frangible
deficient

5.Though it is often taken as point of fact that unemployment is a (i) _______        for workers, certain research suggests that periods of joblessness actually serve as a (ii) _______in some middle-class people’s working lives, a time for salutary career change or the pursuit of new opportunities.

Blank (i)
bane
conflagration
windfall
Blank (ii)
juvenescence
perquisite
pivot

6.Although never one to (i) _______        life’s pleasures, only recently had Paul devoted himself entirely to (ii) _______pursuits. In years past, Paul had adeptly balanced his love of fine wine and women with (iii) _______career.

Blank (i)
revel in
eschew
peruse
Blank (ii)
misanthropic
hedonistic
nefarious
Blank (iii)
a feckless
a nugatory
an exacting

----------------------------------------

1.Since this problem appears to occur across a relatively wide field of human endeavor, it seems reasonable to believe that it is _______        behavioral phenomenon.

a crucial
an important
a general
an undiscovered
a specific


2.It is interesting that a number of experts on techniques that purport to promote inner peace do not display a particularly high level of _______        when confronted with evidence of the lack of effectiveness of their methods.

introspection
rationality
practicality
equanimity
coherence

3.Some anti-gentrification activists view the recent passing of Leslie Buck, designer of the (i) _______        and iconic Greek-inspired coffee cup design seen throughout New York, as a (ii) _______of a new era; as neighborhoods become more affluent, activists say, the cup will likely continue to disappear as rapidly as affordable housing will.

Blank (i)
ubiquitous
iconoclastic
changing
Blank (ii)
portent
benchmark
transformation

4.Those assembled were beyond impressed by how well the young man spoke (i) _______        , and would have listened to him pleasantly digress for hours had the event not been (ii) _______by the host’s sudden illness.

Blank (i)
eulogistically
extempore
reticently
Blank (ii)
protracted
attenuated
abridged

5.The company claims that the prominent placement it garners on many search engine pages was generated (i) _______        . A deeper investigation reveals, however, that some (ii) _______practices were likely employed. The majority of links to the company’s site, the largest contributor to favorable placement, comes from (iii) _______web pages that provide no relevant content.

Blank (i)
painstakingly
organically
deceptively
Blank (ii)
malicious
mundane
benevolent
Blank (iii)
sham
sensational
partisan

6.While one economist argues that the (i) _______        of Western countries is that economic power naturally gravitates toward the erudite as opposed to being forcibly distributed through some arcane patriarchal order, one can conceivably make a case for the opposite. Since the erudition of individuals varies greatly from generation to generation, Western culture breeds (ii) _______, which many see as a disadvantage, whereas focus on fraternal ties is much less (iii) _______.

Blank (i)
shortcoming
basis
advantage
Blank (ii)
dominance
instability
constancy
Blank (iii)
variant
stable
palatable

while suggests blank i and the thing stated in the last part which is described as disadvantage are opposite
the whereas suggests blank ii and "less + iii" are opposite