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2015.3.29阅读笔记
It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work
has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who
operate the new machines and on the society into which the
machines have been introduced. For example, it has been
suggested that the employment of women in industry took
them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and
fundamentally altered their position in society. In the
nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories,
Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so,
women would give up their femininity. Friedrich Engels,
however, predicted that women would be liberated from the
"social, legal, and economic subordination" of the family by
technological developments that made possible the
recruitment of "the whole female sex into public industry."
Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability of
mechanization's effects, but they agreed that it would
transform women's lives.
Historians, particularly those investigating the history
of women, now seriously question this assumption of
transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic
technological innovations as the spinning jenny, the sewing
machine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not
resulted in equally dramatic social changes in women's
economic position or in the prevailing evaluation of
women's work. The employment of young women in textile
mills during the Industrial Revolution was largely an
extension of an older pattern of employment of young,
single women as domestics. It was not the change in office
technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work,
previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning
managers, from administrative work that in the 1880's
created a new class of "dead-end" jobs, thenceforth
considered "women's work." The increase in the numbers
of married women employed outside the home in the
twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of
housework and an increase in leisure time for these women
than it did with their own economic necessity and with high
marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single
women workers, previously, in many cases, the only
women employers would hire.
Women's work has changed considerably in the past
200 years, moving from the household to the office or the
factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of
blue-collar work. Fundamentally, however, the conditions
under which women work have changed little since before
the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupations by
gender, lower pay for women as a group, jobs that require
relatively low levels of skill and offer women little
opportunity for advancement all persist, while women's
household labor remains demanding. Recent historical
investigation has led to a major revision of the notion that
technology is always inherently revolutionary in its effects
on society. Mechanization may even have slowed any
change in the traditional position of women both in the
labor market and in the home.
3.Which of the following statements best summarizes
the main idea of the passage?
(A) The effects of the mechanization of women's work have not borne out the frequently held assumption that new technology is inherently revolutionary.
后半句对应的是倒数第二句,the notion that techonology is always inherently revolutionary,
前半句对应的是第二段第二句:such innovations have not resulted in social changes in women's economic position。正是第二段开始反驳第一段的旧观点。
做题时看到inherently revolutionary是原文的观点,而一个not转折,我就以为是否定了原文已有的观点,是错的,就没选。
(B) Recent studies have shown that mechanization
revolutionizes a society's traditional values
and the customary roles of its members.
B说改变了社会地位,这是旧观点,被反驳了
(C) Mechanization has caused the nature of
women's work to change since the Industrial
Revolution.
C也是旧观点,被反驳了,实际上没change
(D) The mechanization of work creates whole new
classes of jobs that did not previously exist.
这只是文中的一部分,且文中第二段后面实际上说的是,原来的一种工作被分割出了一个dead-end job,选项的意思不完全正确
(E) The mechanization of women's work, while
extremely revolutionary it its effects, has not,
on the whole, had the deleterious effects that
some critics had feared.
旧观点也就是改变女性地位并非什么deleterious effects,文中未说有害,所以算是额外造谣
又是一道主旨题错了,主旨题最简单最应该拿分的,总错 |
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