有木有潜伏在G版的托福党啊，寻找托福口语小伙伴啊！！

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2015.4.2 comprehension note!


The Food and Drug Administration has recently proposed severe restrictions on the use of antibiotics to promote the health and growth of meat animals. Medications added to feeds kill many microorganisms but also encourage the appearance of bacterial strains that are resistant to anti-infective drugs. Already, for example, penicillin and the tetracyclines are not as effective therapeutically as they once were. The drug resistance is chiefly conferred by tiny circlets of genes, called plasmids, that can be exchanged between different strains and even different species of bacteria. Plasmids are also one of the two kinds of vehicles (the other being viruses) that molecular biologists depend on when performing gene transplant experiments. Even present guidelines forbid the laboratory use of plasmids bearing genes for resistance to antibiotics. Yet, while congressional debate rages over whether or not to toughen these restrictions on scientists in their laboratories, little congressional attention has been focused on an ill-advised agricultural practice that produces known deleterious effects.
17.        In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with

the author present a restriction at the beginning and then explain why. because adding medication not only kill microorganism but also connive the resistance of them to drugs.

(A) discovering methods of eliminating harmful microorganisms without subsequently generating drug-resistant bacteria
no methods
(B) explaining reasons for congressional inaction on the regulation of gene transplant experiments
no reasons
(C) describing a problematic agricultural practice and its serious genetic consequences
my concerning is right
(D) verifying the therapeutic ineffectiveness of anti-infective drugs
not ineffectiveness but the resistance
(E) evaluating recently proposed restrictions intended to promote the growth of meat animals
no evaluation only explanation

        The author’s attitude toward the development of bacterial strains that render antibiotic drugs ineffective can best be described as
(A) indifferent
(B) perplexed
(C) pretentious
(D) insincere
(E) apprehensive

the author felt apprehensive because the resistance of anti-infective drugs may cause those drugs ineffectiveness

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2015.4.2 summarize!

I did PPII practice test, and still couldn't understand the logic in some text completion questions. besides, the comprehension passage seems difficult than old text passages and the questions seems to have no obvious regular to grasp. In conclusion, my ability is still too maladroit to master all the questions in revised GRE

More Practice is compulsory!!

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2015.4.3 comprehension note!

another passage with extremely obscure questions!
so painstaking

Chimps and children, gulls and Greeks—the ethologists go their merry way, comparing bits of human cultural behavior with bits of genetically programmed animal behavior. True, humans are animals; they share certain anatomical features with other animals, and some items of human behavior may seem analogous to the behavior of other animals. But such analogies can seriously mislead if we fail to look at the context of a particular item of behavior. Thus one ethologist compares the presentation of a twig by a cormorant with gift-giving in humans. Yet the cormorant’s twig-presentation simply inhibits attack and is comparable to other appeasement rituals found in many species. Human gift-giving differs in form and purpose not only from culture to culture, but within the same culture in various social contexts. Everything significant about it derives from its social context. Thus, ethologists can accomplish little—beyond reminding us that we are animals—until they study humans as cultural beings.


　　17. The author is primarily concerned with
　　(A) demonstrating the usefulness of ethology in discovering the behavioral limits within which humans operate
out of scope
　　(B) objecting to the degradation of humanity implicit in the ethologists equation of humans and animals
out of scope
　　(C) pointing out the dangers inherent in comparing highly dissimilar species, such as humans and cormorants, rather than similar ones, such as humans and apes
out of scope
　　(D) refuting the idea that the appeasement rituals in human cultural behavior can be profitably subjected to ethological analysis
not mentioned
　　(E) arguing that the ethologists’ assumption that human behavior can be straightforwardly compared with animal behavior is invalid
the last sentence " accomplish little" suggests that the former mentioned theory is invalid

19. The author’s attitude toward contemporary ethologists can best be described as
　　(A) puzzled
　　(B) conciliatory
　　(C) defensive
　　(D) amused
　　(E) disparaging
give consideration that the ethologists' method accomplish little, the attitude can't be positive like C & D, there is no conflict but right or wrong, so C is wrong.
since the author firstly stated that the ethologists go their merry way, but their optimism is ironic for having no effective results. so the attitude can be a pungent word like E.

　20. Which of the following statements from a report on a cross-cultural study of gift-giving would, if true, most strongly support the author’s assertions concerning human gift-giving?
　　(A) In every culture studied, it was found that some forms of gift-giving are acts of aggression that place the receiver under obligation to the giver.
not the same culture
　　(B) Most governmental taxation systems differentiate between gifts of property given to children during a parent’s lifetime, and a child’s inheritance of the same property from a parent dying without a will.
not relevant. this choice is talking about inheritance, not gift-giving
　　(C) Some gift-giving customs have analogous forms in nearly every culture, as in the almost universal custom of welcoming strangers with gifts of food.
not forcus on one culture
　　(D) In North America, generally speaking, money is an acceptable holiday gift to one’s letter carrier or garbage collector, but is often considered an insult if given to one’s employer, friends, or relatives.
relative question: Human gift-giving differs in form and purpose not only from culture to culture, but within the same culture in various social contexts.
so the statement that support this assertions should first happen in the same culture. only D suitable
plus, D states the differences between different status which equals to "in various social contexts"
　　(E) Some gifts, being conciliatory in nature, indicate by their costliness the degree of hostility they must appease in the recipient.
not mention it concentration on one culture

I did this question wrong because I neglect the relative information in passage!

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2015.4.3 comprehension note!!

this passage has some terms but not too arcane to remenber, as a result, without knowing these words impedes me understanding the meaning.

Although pathogenic organisms constantly alight on the skin, they find it a very unfavorable environment and, in the absence of injury, have great difficulty colonizing it. This “self-sterilizing” capacity of the skin results from the tendency of all well-developed ecosystems toward homeostasis, or the maintenance of the status quo.
　　Species that typically live in soil, water, and elsewhere rarely multiply on the skin. Undamaged skin is also unfavorable to most human pathogens. The skin is too acid and too arid for some species. The constant shedding of the surface skin layers further hinders the establishment of invaders. The most interesting defense mechanism, however, results from the metabolic activities of the resident flora (resident flora: 聚居植物群). Unsaturated fatty acids, an important component of the lipids in sebum collected from the skin surface, inhibit the growth of several bacterial and fungal cutaneous pathogens. These acids are a metabolic product of certain gram-positive members of the cutaneous community, which break down the more complex lipids in freshly secreted sebum.
　　17. The primary purpose of the passage is to
　　(A) offer an analysis of metabolic processes
out of scope
　　(B) detail the ways in which bacteria and fungi can be inhibited
partly
　　(C) describe mechanisms by which the skin protects itself against pathogens
several mechanisms consisting of the main topic
　　(D) analyze the methods whereby biological systems maintain the status quo
only one of the mechanisms
　　(E) provide a specific example of the skin’s basic defenses against pathogens
partly
18. The “resident flora” mentioned in line 16 refer to
　　(A) “Unsaturated fatty acids” (line 17)
　　(B) “sebum collected from the skin surface” (lines 18-19)
　　(C) “bacterial and fungal cutaneous pathogens” (lines 19-20)
　　(D) “certain gram-positive members of the cutaneous community” (lines 21-22)
　　(E) “more complex lipids” (lines 23)
B is used to descibe A, so A & B both are wrong answers
C is which the resident flora defend against
E is A & B‘s original form
D is which break down A & B to make is effective in defending, so D is the mechanism

　20. The author presents her material in which of the following ways?
　　(A) Stating a problem and then supplying a solution
no problem, but only a statement
　　(B) Presenting a phenomenon and then analyzing reason for it
　　(C) Providing information and then drawing a conclusion from it
no conclusion, but first statement then reasons
　　(D) Making a general statement and then arguing by analogy
no arguing
　　(E) Making an inference and then developing it by illustration
no inference

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2015.4.3 comprehension note!

The Earth‘s magnetic field is generated as the molten iron of the Earth’s outer core revolves around its solid inner core. When surges in the molten iron occur， magnetic tempests are created. At the Earth‘s surface， these tempests can be detected by changes in the strength of the Earth’s magnetic field. For reasons not fully understood， the field itself reverses periodically every million years or so （or so： 大约）。 During the past million years， for instance， the magnetic north pole has migrated between the Antarctic and the Arctic.
    Clearly， geophysicists who seek to explain and forecast changes in the field must understand what happens in the outer core. Unlike meteorologists， however， they cannot rely on observations made in their own lifetimes. Whereas atmospheric storms arise in a matter of hours and last for days， magnetic tempests develop over decades and persist for centuries. Fortunately scientists have been recording changes in the Earth‘s magnetic field for more than 300 years.

27. In the second paragraph， the author is primarily concerned with
    （A） stating a limitation that helps determine a research methodology
    （B） making a comparative analysis of two different research methodologies
the author mentioned meteorologists just in order to emphasize that changes in outer core is so long. not mentioned the methodology used by meteorologists
    （C） assessing the amount of empirical data in the field of physical science
    （D） suggesting an optimistic way of viewing a widely feared phenomenon
    （E） describing a fundamental issue and discussing its future impact on society

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2015.4.4 text completion note!
GRE TC is not always about vocab, but more than vocab

As spurious sightings of imaginary creatures that have captured the popular mind (i) ______________, however (ii) ________________ a story may be, once it has been circulated enough times it will gather a patina of (iii) ______________.
(A)  diminish
(B)  entail
(C)  suggest

(D) clever
(E)  apocryphal
(F)  captivating

(G)  neglect
(H) truth
(I)    deceit

I'm quite satisfied that I figure it out that "however, _________" is a parenthesis, so I just omit it, and read the other part of the sentence. Then the structure becomes quite clear and intelligible!
Bingo!
Do it more times in the future!


2015.6.12 sentence equivalence note!

To readers of V.S. Naipaul--especially those who are familiar with the latter half of his oeuvre--the author’s claim that he started off as a comic writer will in itself seem comical – so ____ is the tone of most of his novels.

despairing
acerbic
ambivalent
sanguine
nuanced
pessimistic

the meaning is to those who are familiar with the comic = funny characteristic of the writer will feel the opposite of happy towards his novel.


2015.6.14 sentence equivalence note!

If good taste has ______________ the vampire genre tired and trite, the entertainment industry surely is not listening: for every bloodsucker baring fangs there is a hack baring some script.

found
deemed
expected
discovered
demeaned
anticipated

found here means judge, not discover

2015.6.15 TC note

The author’s name in shining lights—on the book jacket, that is—____________ the collective nature of the enterprise: before hundreds of seasoned eyes even pore over a final copy, the author has had many expert readers help fashion the novel from its very inception.
collective nature = hundreds eyes poring over

undermines
belies
informs
reaffirms
disambiguates


2015.6.16 TC note

Special effects in movies are ____________, in that unlike the story, whose permutations seem to have long ago been ____________, they continue to evolve: if we were magically beamed years into the future (of course that story has been told numerous times before), the special effects would ____________; the story would be awfully familiar.

just focus on the logic, and forget about the meaning of the sentence. choose answers using the attitude strategy

unlike the story, so blank i and ii are opposite.
continue to evolve implies that movies are good, so blank iii should be positive word, also opposite to familiar describing story， and similar to blank i
so the logic is
blank i = blank ii(surprising) opposite to blank iii(familiar)

Blank (i)
predictable
exciting
juvenile
Blank (ii)
evaluated
conveyed
exhausted
Blank (iii)
be incomprehensible
hold us in thrall
remain unchanged




Far less ____________ than her predecessor, the new superintendent remained ____________, even on issues in which some form of compromise was expected.

pay attention to the conjunction between two parts ---- no shifts
far less means opposite

Blank (i)
timid
accommodating
implacable
Blank (ii)
intransigent
debonair
stolid


2015.6.17 TC note

1.History has known few as ______________ as the Irish wit Oscar Wilde: on his inaugural trip to America, when asked by customs officials if he had anything to declare, Wilde replied: “The only thing I have to declare is my genius.”

arch
narcissistic
successful
misanthropic
puckish
accomplished

“The only thing I have to declare is my genius.”
this saying is a quip, so the characteristic should be facetious


2.For an obscure poet to have penned such a refined, poignant sonnet is not at all ____________. The sonnet, after all, has been a favored form for hundreds of years amongst the amateur and lionized alike. I would be ____________, on the other hand, had not one, out of the sheer number produced during this time, surpassed Shakespeare on a bad day.

Blank (i)
rare
puzzling
conceivable
Blank (ii)
confounded
vindicated
hard-pressed

obscure, refined, poignant are opposite to amateur.
so the blank i should imply surprise or strange
and the blank ii, E F are not matching the context, only D could work


3.The contention that Hopkin’s extensive anthropological fieldwork led to a unified theory is ____________ – close scrutiny reveals a ____________ of observations that, at times, even prove ____________ one another.

Blank (i)
redoubtable
specious
unbiased
Blank (ii)
mere hodgepodge
coherent system
meticulous scaffolding
Blank (iii)
inimical to
convergent with
susceptible to

usually, when using the word scrutiny, it indicates disagreement, so the blank i should be flawed = specious, redoubtable is the opposite
the blank ii should be negative, only D matches
blank iii also is negative, I is neutral and not suitable to the context, so only G

4.There are few ____________ thrills to be gleaned from Kafka’s writing, for his characters, which typically embody ideas, are not fleshed out enough for the reader to become fully immersed in their plights.

novel
vicarious
tangential
precarious
substantive

immerse = vicarious, feeling the same as other's experience

5.That art wields political power is not an incontrovertible position—if it is even true at all: Picasso’s Guernica, a painting capturing the wanton plundering of a Spanish village, hangs almost ______________ in the Guggenheim, framed by a soft light best befitting a seaside idyll.

A.demurely
B.grotesquely
C.askew
D.self-effacingly
E.peacefully
F.frivolously

is not incontrovertible implies subtle shift

6.To the senior manager, unsolicited opinions, even if the views expressed did not necessarily (i) ______________ his own views, were (ii)______________ ; thus, employees had learned to be (iii)______________ lest they no longer found themselves in his good graces.

Blank (i)
gel with
countermand
clash with
Blank (ii)
overt
nettlesome
welcome
Blank (iii)
reticent
sycophantic
elusive

unsolicited = reticent

I can't miss even the minor implication!


7.The city council was notorious for voting down any measure that would restrict its ability to wield power, so that it ______________ a bill aimed to narrow the ambit of its jurisdiction was surprising only to the small few who had come to believe that the council would pull an about-face.

championed
took exception to
discarded
was in favor of
tabled
objected

the structure: The city council votes down measure that would restrict its ability, so that it ______________ a bill aimed to narrow the ambit of its jurisdiction was surprising only to the small few.

logic: most people know the council won't restrict its ability
few people would expect the council to do so, so they will be surprising it the council no do so = take exception to


8.With all the trappings of a “successful” novelist, Farminghouse perhaps will most likely experience a(n) ______________ fame: posterity rarely looks kindly on those writers who bedazzle the hoi polloi.

meteoric
potential
elusive
notorious
enduring

successful with double quotes indicates that F may not be truly successful
while the posterity refuse to consider him as out of ho polloi(ordinary), so his fame last very short time = meteoric

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2015.4.3 summary

I spent about 2 and a half hour in the evening surfing the shopping app.
These wasting time could be used to read 20 pages book, 4 reading exercises and remember 60 words at least.

My problem is absolutely clear now. I always spend two thirds of time doing futile thing and hushly fininshing GRE practice in scattered time.
Reform!!
Remove this bad habbits!!!

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2015.4.4 on writing well summary

Don't say it is raining like at the present of time we are experiencing precipitation.

the writer asserts that people should use word or expression as simple as possible.
But just like he says in the beginning part of the book, there is no right or wrong in writing.
We don't need to obey his opinions strickly.
I still think that we should use some advanced words in writing to make our writing more academic.
but in PS which always has a word-limit, this method may be helpful!

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2015.4.4 expression note!
For all ... means despite ...
E.g.
For all her brilliance, Ada was undone by a(n) _________ that led her to disparage those who took any speculation too seriously, averring that the philosophical mind worked best when it did not attach itself too strongly to any one line of thought.

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2015.4.4 comprehension note!
the passage is easy to understand

　　Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science, but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance, were determined by technologists, artisans, designers, inventors, and engineers—using non-scientific modes of thought. Many features and qualities of the objects that a technologist thinks about cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in the mind by a visual, nonverbal process. In the development of Western technology, it has been non-verbal thinking, by and large, that has fixed the outlines and filled in the details of our material surroundings. Pyramids, cathedrals, and rockets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics, but because they were first a picture in the minds of those who built them.
　　The creative shaping process of a technologist’s mind can be seen in nearly every artifact that exists. For example, in designing a diesel engine (diesel engine: n. 柴油机), a technologist might impress individual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive sense of rightness and fitness. What would be the shape of the combustion chamber (combustion chamber: 燃烧室)? Where should the valves be placed? Should it have a long or short piston? Such questions have a range of answers that are supplied by experience, by physical requirements, by limitations of available space, and not least by a sense of form. Some decisions, such as wall thickness and pin diameter, may depend on scientific calculations, but the nonscientific component of design remains primary.
　　Design courses, then, should be an essential element in engineering curricula. Nonverbal thinking, a central mechanism in engineering design, involves perceptions, the stock-in-trade (stock-in-trade: n.存货, 惯用手段) of the artist, not the scientist. Because perceptive processes are not assumed to entail “hard thinking,” nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitive processes and inferior to verbal or mathematical thought. But it is paradoxical that when the staff of the Historic American Engineering Record wished to have drawings made of machines and isometric views of industrial processes for its historical record of American engineering, the only college students with the requisite abilities were not engineering students, but rather students attending architectural schools.
　　If courses in design, which in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem-solving, are not provided, we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems. For example, early models of high-speed railroad cars loaded with sophisticated controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because a fan sucked snow into the electrical system. Absurd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations; they are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.
　　21. In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with
　　(A) identifying the kinds of thinking that are used by technologists
most part talks about nonverbal thinking and noscientific component of design
　　(B) stressing the importance of nonverbal thinking in engineering design
true
　　(C) proposing a new role for nonscientific thinking in the development of technology
now new role
　　(D) contrasting the goals of engineers with those of technologists
no contrasting goals
　　(E) criticizing engineering schools for emphasizing science in engineering curricula
no emphasizing science

24. Which of the following statements would best serve as an introduction to the passage?
introduction of a passage should consist of the main idea of the passage, and play the role of introduct, that is a leading to understand the main point of the passage
to understand "introduction" is the key
　　(A) The assumption that the knowledge incorporated in technological developments must be derived from science ignores the many non-scientific decisions made by technologists.
then following this introduction, the author could start talking about the importance of non-scientific thought or decisions
　　(B) Analytical thought is no longer a vital component in the success of technological development.
out of scope! no repudiation on analytical thought
　　(C) As knowledge of technology has increased, the tendency has been to lose sight of the important role played by scientific thought in making decisions about form, arrangement, and texture.
not scientific, but non-scientific, contradict the passage
　　(D) A movement in engineering colleges toward a technician’s degree reflects a demand for graduates who have the nonverbal reasoning ability that was once common among engineers.
not mentioned a movement
　　(E) A technologist thinking about a machine, reasoning through the successive steps in a dynamic process, can actually turn the machine over mentally.
not mentioned over mantally

27. The author uses the example of the early models of high-speed railroad cars primarily to
relative sentence: early models of high-speed railroad cars loaded with sophisticated controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because a fan sucked snow into the electrical system.
so this example is used to illustrate the importance of designing as a non-scientific thought
so not weaken unrelative or relative contention
but strengthen relative contention
A & E with weaken could be eliminated

　　(A) weaken the argument that modern engineering systems have major defects because of an absence of design courses in engineering curricula.
　　(B) support the thesis that the number of errors in modern engineering systems is likely to increase.
not mentioned increase
　　(C) illustrate the idea that courses in design are the most effective means for reducing the cost of designing engineering systems.
not the reducing the cost of designing, but reduce the unpractical machine or system
　　(D) support the contention that a lack of attention to the nonscientific aspects of design results in poor conceptualization by engineers.
true
　　(E) weaken the proposition that mathematics is a necessary part of the study of design.

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2015.4.4 comprehension note!

the key to answer the questionns in this passage is to distinguish the different historians the question refers to

Influenced by the view of some twentieth-century feminists that women’s position within the family is one of the central factors determining women’s social position, some historians have underestimated the significance of the woman suffrage movement. These historians contend that nineteenth-century suffragist was less radical and, hence, less important than, for example, the moral reform movement or domestic feminism—two nineteenth-century movements in which women struggled for more power and autonomy within the family. True, by emphasizing these struggles, such historians have broadened the conventional view of nineteenth-century feminism, but they do a historical disservice to suffragism. Nineteenth-century feminists and anti-feminist alike perceived the suffragists’ demand for enfranchisement as the most radical element in women’s protest, in part because suffragists were demanding power that was not based on the institution of the family, women’s traditional sphere. When evaluating nineteenth-century feminism as a social force, contemporary historians should consider the perceptions of actual participants in the historical events.

the main stucture of the passage：
historians underestimated the significance of woman suffrage -- influenced by 20 century feminists's view (first sentence)
historians contend in 19 century -- suffragism < moral reform or domestic feminism (struggled for power within family)
historians broadened eyesight by former view
- attitude: historians disservice to suffragism
reason: suffragist demand for power outside family
advice(reform): historians consider actual participants of 19 century feminism

　　17. The author asserts that the historians discussed in the passage have

　　(A) influenced feminist theorists who concentrate on the family
these historians are contemporary historians, so they can't influence the past
　　(B) honored the perceptions of the women who participated in the women suffrage movement
this is the final advice, what historians failed to do
　　(C) treated feminism as a social force rather than as an intellectual tradition
wrong, the passage only mentioned when treat feminism as a social force, they should do ..., not mentioned other treatment
　　(D) paid little attention to feminist movements
contradict, pay much but wrong attention
　　(E) expanded the conventional view of nineteenth-century feminism
true
　　18. The author of the passage asserts that some twentieth-century feminists have influenced some historians view of the
　　(A) significance of the woman suffrage movement
true, 20 century feminist made historians think suffragism less important
　　(B) importance to society of the family as an institution
not mentioned
　　(C) degree to which feminism changed nineteenth-century society
no change
　　(D) philosophical traditions on which contemporary feminism is based
not mentioned
　　(E) public response to domestic feminism in the nineteenth century
no public response
　　19. The author of the passage suggests that which of the following was true of nineteenth-century feminists?
feminst -- within the family
suffragism -- outside the family
　　(A) Those who participated in the moral reform movement were motivated primarily by a desire to reconcile their private lives with their public positions.
wrong -- not public position but within the faimiliy
　　(B) Those who advocated domestic feminism, although less visible than the suffragists, were in some ways the more radical of the two groups.
not less visible
　　(C) Those who participated in the woman suffrage movement sought social roles for women that were not defined by women’s familial roles.
true
　　(D) Those who advocated domestic feminism regarded the gaining of more autonomy within the family as a step toward more participation in public life.
out of scope, no public life
　　(E) Those who participated in the nineteenth-century moral reform movement stood midway between the positions of domestic feminism and suffragism.
not mentioned, out of scope

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2015.4.4 comprehension note!

The sweep （磅礴的气势） of narrative in A. N. Wilson‘s biography of C. S. Lewis is impressive and there is much that is acute and well argued. But much in this work is careless and unworthy of its author. Wilson， a novelist and an accomplished biographer， has failed to do what any writer on such a subject as Lewis ought to do， namely work out （work out： v.设计出， 作出） a coherent view of how the various literary works by the subject are to be described and commented on. Decisions have to be made on what to look at in detail and what to pass by （pass by： v.掠过） with just a mention. Wilson has not thought this problem out. For instance， Till We Have Faces， Lewis’ treatment of the Eros and Psyche story and one of his best-executed and most moving works， is merely mentioned by Wilson， though it illuminates Lewis‘ spiritual development， whereas Lewis’ minor work Pilgrim‘s Regress is looked at in considerable detail.
    24. The author of the passage implies that Wilson‘s examination of Pilgrim’s Regress
    （A） is not as coherent as his treatment of Till We Have Faces
    （B） would have been more appropriate in a separate treatise because of the scope of Pilgrim‘s Regress
    （C） demonstrates how Wilson‘s narrow focus ignores the general themes of Lewis’ works
    （D） was more extensive than warranted because of the relative unimportance of Pilgrim‘s Regress
    （E） was disproportionately long relative to the amount of effort Lewis devoted to writing Pilgrim‘s Regress
I know D is right, but I did this wrong because I didn't figure out why E is wrong.
perhaps because the passage not mentioned the effore Lewis devoted to P R
but only mentioned is relatively minor influence.

26. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage？
[coler=blue]the organization question!
    （A） An evaluation is made， and aspects of the evaluation are expanded on with supporting evidence.
relative sentence: much in this work is careless and unworth], this is an evaluation
    （B） A theory is proposed， and supporting examples are provided.
no theory
    （C） A position is examined， analyzed， and rejected.
no rejected, the whole passage stated one attitude
    （D） A contradiction is described， then the points of contention are evaluated and reconciled.
no contradiction
    （E） Opposing views are presented and evaluated， then modifications are advocated.
no modification
    27. Which of the following best describes the content of the passage？
    （A） A critique of A. N. Wilson as a biographer
just mentioned one work of Wilson, not mentioned him as a biographer
out of scope
    （B） An evaluation of the significance of several works by C. S. Lewis
not the main idea
    （C） An appraisal of a biography by A. N. Wilson

    （D） A ranking of the elements necessary for a well-structured biography
no mentioned
    （E） A proposal for evaluating the literary merits of the works of C. S. Lewis
not evaluating the work of Lewis but Wilson's

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the function of a graph:

background infomation
one point of view
evidence for supporting this point of view
an experiment (usually supports a view)
explain a concept(usually explains sth or in order to draw forth the conclusion)
contrast a concept
refute a concept/solution/opinion
argue for an opinion

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2015.4.5 word expression

What is the greatest novel of all-time? Many top-100 lists have been proffered, purporting to resolve this very issue. Yet the ____________ those compiling these rankings suggests that any definitive list is not __forthcoming_.

about to happen or imminent

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.4.5 comprehension method

understand the structure of a GRE passage

the elements in a passage can be
background information
old view
new view(opinions)
evidence (distinguish which view it support)(recognize the purpose of the information presented in the passage)
author's attitude(ditstinguish positive or negative first, and then pinpoint which opinion did the author express attitude)

curved tail(some tangential discussion, outside the immediate scope of the central argument) may be a prediction or an anticipation(or prospect)
or maybe the drawbacks of the supporting opinion

NOTE
to know what before a sentence and what after it

take a pause at the end of each paragraph, and think of what I have read, and what is the meaning of the sentences in relation to the passage as a whole!

based on these information, anticipate the next paragraph!
what is anticipation?
Will it support an idea we've already been presented with?
Will it focus on the opinion the passage just mentioned?

Then reassess when I read the next paragraph
Is there new information that alters my perception of the central topic?
Does the author use the argument as a springboard for a tangential discussion
Does the author suprise me with an opinion I didn't expect?


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The LSAT passage comprises several arguments of different holder
When apply to GRE passage, it is that to distinguish the several aspects the author mentioned to illustrate a main point!