issue087【0906G Fight 3月中~4月初队】第三周第一次作业 by Loutlook

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87. "In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important discoveries."
在所有的研究领域中，新手要比专家更有可能获得重要的发现。

提纲：
论点：支持！
段一：承认专家在技术和经验上超过新手
段二：新手也能做出发现（爱因斯坦、牛顿）
段三：新手易于接受新概念，老手更保守；新手更有闯劲，有较少禁忌（老年牛和爱，对照上段年轻时的牛顿、爱因斯坦）

The speaker asserts that it is more likely for the beginner to make important discoveries than for the expert. While I contend that experts are more experienced and skilled and more likely to make contributions, I agree with the speaker otherwise on that beginners can also make discoveries. In fact, I would go further by contending that it is due to so many lovely beginners that every subject can develop so rapidly.

Admittedly, experts have numerous advantages in making discoveries. With rich experience, delicate skills, these people are always heads of the research groups. So they have sensitive insights into what these experts are studying on and abundant resources to achieve their goals--sometimes new discoveries. But ones who just step into the field must face the fact that they are lacking in experience and freedom to make discoveries. In this way, novices can hardly win when competing with experts.

However, all the vantage aspects cannot ensure that there is no hope for beginners to make discoveries. There are a lot famous scientists who make their major discoveries during their early ages.
To name a few, Sir Isaac Newton, the famous English mathematician and physicist made a lot of important discoveries during his early age, like calculus as a indispensable mathematics tool and the law of gravity as a basic law controlling our world. Another well-known example is Einstein who developed the Theory of Relativity in his twenties which changed our view of the university. There are many other examples that indict the truth that the beginners seem to be not harder to make important discoveries than experts.

Moreover, surprisingly, some characteristic which only owned by green hands can lead to the important discoveries. One beginners' feature, more easily accepting new concept, is the most favorable one for discovering new. Still take Einstein as example, this brilliant physician refused to identify another vital theory in modern physics--the quantum mechanics, which clearly shows the difference between a beginner and a expert in accepting new concept. At the same time, most achieved experts are afraid any movement which can have impact on their reputation. So it is not difficult to understand why Newton turned his study to theology--he find something he cannot explain (they are involved Theory of Relativity, indeed) and give up science and move to God. The two examples prove my opinion from the opposite side that there are some unique features that enable the novices to make big discoveries.

In sum, though having many disadvantages on studying comparing with experts, beginners can make important discoveries by means of their open mind and fearlessness.