0910G【try best】第一组 第二次作业 issue13 by GG86_Fly

GG86_FlyUID??2641450

Language, which is the possession of only human, is a complex system of symbols for us to communicate with each other. We learn (inherit) it from our ancestors, and will pass on (transmit) it to our offspring (posterity). However, researches conducted by the United Nations indicate that more than half of the some 6,000 languages spoken in the world today are under threat. Thus we must appeal the governments to take efficient measures to save (safeguard) these endangered languages.

Local languages are in danger of dying out as the speakers have gradually turned to a more dominant language. There are many factors that speed the local languages loss. One is man-made factor such as colonialist government and big-nationality chauvinism.
The House of Hapsburg once forced thee Jewish people to speak german in order to make them get rid of their past, convention and language and become the loyal subjects of the ruler. European colonialism made English as the dominant language in North American and Africa, and the colonial ruler imposed their culture and value on the local residents thus made the local language disappear. The other reason is that we have put too much emphasis on globalization. When people communicate with other people of different nations, they find it is much easier if they use the dominant languages, such as English, Chinese, and Russian and so on. They rarely use their own language, and their children are not being educated to use the local language that is not widely used. As fewer and fewer people speak the native languages, they gradually die out. Except for the above reasons, public education, economic globalization, the mass media and the Internet are the other factors that speed the rate of languages loss.

It is difficult for such people who speak a dominant language to understand the feelings about the loss of a language. Such people would think it is a good trend that so many people are speaking the same language. In fact, it is the loss and a big threat to the whole world .First of all, language is representative of the behaviors and custom of a region. Different languages are on behalf of different cultures. For example, we have adventive words “Kung-fu” from China and “Yoga” from India, they introduce a brand new aspect of the magic world to us. So does some endangered languages, they have the same effect like a kaleidoscope that will enrich our feeling and knowledge of our society from different views. When a language dies it is a vision of the world that disappears. Another reason is that single language is always associated with repression and violence. An authoritarian government always requires its subjects speak an official language, and forbids some local languages as a form of rule. When theses languages are in danger of dying out, we are facing our own danger in losing diversity and survival adaptability.

From what is mentioned above, it is clearly that preventing such languages from becoming extinct is very important. As we have already admitted that a language is a product of the behaviors and custom of populations of people, it can not be achieved by only a small group of people, who speaks an endangered language but without other people communicating with them. So we need a nation that treats it as its own treasure to preserve it. Government is the main force to preserve these languages. Firstly, the government should educate its people that every language is equal, that is to say, every language is deserved to be spoken and learned. Secondly, the government should improve legislation, develop bilingual education in residential areas for ethnic minorities
and increase finaical investment. Moreover, the government should also support anthropological linguistics, which can sufficiently preserve endangered languages.

Facts have already proved that we are on our way to prevent endangered languages. It needs time to see the efforts. But it is an optimistic prospect that some languages would revive and show us different views and attitudes of the world.

nlhustUID??2404239

Language, which is the possession of only human（这里的which is 因该是可以去掉的）, is a complex system of symbols for us to communicate with each other. We learn(inherit) it from our ancestors, and will pass on(transmit) it to our offspring(posterity). However, researches conducted by the United Nations indicate that more than half of the some 6,000 languages spoken in the world today are under threat. Thus we must appeal the governments to take efficient measures to save (safeguard) these endangered languages.

Local languages are in danger of dying out as the speakers have gradually turned to a more dominant language. There are many factors that speed the local languages loss. One is man-made factor such as colonialist government and big-nationality chauvinism. The House of Hapsburg once forced thee Jewish people to speak german（German） in order to make them get rid of their past, convention and language and become the loyal subjects of the ruler. European colonialism made English as the dominant language in North American and Africa, and the colonial ruler imposed their culture and value on the local residents thus made the local language disappear.（这段例子太攒了,我搜肠刮肚也没想到的东西啊！而且表达也很强悍学习。） The other reason is that we have put too much emphasis on globalization. When people communicate with other people of different nations, they find it is much easier if they use the dominant languages, such as English, Chinese, and Russian and so on（曾经看到过一种说法说是用了such as 就不用再加and so on 了，我也没去查找证据。这里提一下，以后可以留心看看native speaker是怎么用的。）. They rarely use their own language, and their children are not being educated to use the local language that is not widely used（这个地方应该可以在简洁一点）. As fewer and fewer people speak the native languages, they gradually die out. Except for the above reasons, public education, economic globalization, the mass media and the Internet are the other factors that speed the rate of languages loss.

It is difficult for such people who speak a dominant language to understand the feelings about the loss of a language. Such people would think it is a good trend that so many people are speaking the same language. In fact, it （有指代不明的嫌疑） is the loss（是什么意思？为什么用特指？） and a big threat to the whole world .First of all, language is representative of the behaviors and custom of a region. Different languages are on behalf of different cultures. For example, we have adventive words “Kung-fu” from China and “Yoga” from India,改称句号或分号 they introduce a brand new aspect of the magic world to us. So does some endangered languages, （这个和后面的那句也应该是两个独立的句子了，缺连词或标点打错了）they have the same effect like a kaleidoscope that will enrich our feeling and knowledge of our society from different views. When a language dies it is a vision of the world that disappears（不明白这里为什么不直接说 a vision of the world disappears 呢？）. Another reason is that single language is always associated with repression and violence. An authoritarian government always requires its subjects speak an official language, and forbids some local languages as a form of rule.（应该可以再加一点东西把前面那个概念解释得更清楚） When theses languages are in danger of dying out, we are facing our own danger in losing diversity and survival adaptability（survival是名词，可以这样说吗？而且这句话里的结论貌似并不能由前文推出）.

From what is mentioned above, it is clearly that preventing such languages from becoming extinct is very important. As we have already admitted that a language is a product of the behaviors and custom of populations of people, it can not（it 指代不清，cannot） be achieved by only a small group of people, who speaks an endangered language but without other people communicating with them. So we need a nation that treats it as its own treasure to preserve it.（这个理由很好） Government is the main force to preserve these languages. Firstly, the government should educate its people that every language is equal, that is to say, every language is deserved to be spoken and learned. Secondly, the government should improve legislation, develop bilingual education in residential areas for ethnic minorities （双语教学，对吧。从这里又学到了一种表达）and increase finaical（financial） investment. Moreover, the government should also support anthropological linguistics, which can sufficiently preserve endangered languages.

Facts have already proved that we are on our way to prevent endangered languages. It needs time to see the efforts. But it is an optimistic prospect that some languages would revive and show us different views and attitudes of the world.

lz大部分用词灵活多变，语言流畅，接下来分析一下文章结构。
第二段和第三段感觉连接的不是很好，从小语种濒临灭亡的原因一下子转为写语言对人类的重要性，中间缺少一个过渡。
后面有些篇幅分来写政府的具体措施，这个有没有必要还有待进一步探讨。

总的来说，无论是从表达上还是从论证过程事例的引用上来看，这篇文章都写得很不错，而且大的结构方向也是对的，我指出大部分都只是那种我觉得不改也可以，改了或许会更好的东西。恩，我要努力提高自己的写作水平，这样才能在互改时提出更有价值的意见了。改的不对的地方还望指出。

在不熟悉的电脑上用不熟悉的浏览器编辑的，格式没弄好，看着不太舒服，望见谅。

heliappleUID??2621347

1# GG86_Fly
Language, which is the possession of only human, is a complex system of symbols for us to communicate with each other. We learn (inherit) it from our ancestors, and will pass on (transmit) it to our offspring (posterity). 用offspring更好一点吧However, researches conducted by the United Nations indicate that more than half of the some (去掉some好一点吧)6,000 languages spoken in the world today are under threat. Thus we must appeal the governments to take efficient measures to save (safeguard) these endangered languages.
很多语言都出于消亡的边缘，和我们拯救他们没有直接的因果关系。这个过渡不是很好。

Local languages are in danger of dying out as the speakers have gradually turned to a more dominant language. There are many factors that speed the local languages loss. One is man-made factor such as colonialist government and big-nationality chauvinism.
The House of Hapsburg once forced the Jewish people to speak German in order to make them get rid of their past, convention and language and become the loyal subjects of the ruler. European colonialism made English as the dominant language in North American and Africa, and the colonial ruler imposed their culture and value on the local residents thus made the local language disappear. The other reason is that we have put too much emphasis on globalization. When people communicate with other people of different nations, they find it is much easier if they use the dominant languages, such as English, Chinese, and Russian and so on. They rarely use their own language, and their children are not being educated to use the local language that is not widely used. As fewer and fewer people speak the native languages, they gradually die out. Except for the above reasons, public education, economic globalization, the mass media and the Internet are the other factors that speed the rate of languages loss.这段总结了两种致使小语种出于危险境地的因素。关于犹太人的那点换成别的例子会不会好一点呢？因为希伯来语并没有灭绝反而复活了。

It is difficult for such people who speak a dominant language to understand the feelings about the loss of a language. Such people would think it is a good trend that so many people are speaking the same language. In fact, it is the (a) loss and a big threat to the whole world .First of all, language is representative of the behaviors and custom of a region. Different languages are on behalf of different cultures. For example, we have adventive words “Kung-fu” from China and “Yoga” from India, they introduce a brand new aspect of the magic world to us.这个例子很妙   So does some endangered languages, they have the same effect (on our life, work) like a kaleidoscope that will enrich (have enriched)换成完成时更好点吧 our feeling and knowledge of our society from different views. When a language dies it is a vision of the world that disappears. Another reason is that single language is always associated with repression and violence. An authoritarian government always requires its subjects speak an official language, and forbids some local languages as a form of rule. When theses languages are in danger of dying out, we are facing our own danger in losing diversity and survival adaptability. 这原因应该放在上一段吧，或者干脆去掉，因为这一点和殖民统治很相似，都是胁迫别的文化归属于主流文化

From what is mentioned above, it is clearly that preventing such languages from becoming extinct is very important. As we have already admitted that a language is a product of the behaviors and custom of populations of people (a community), it (it？语言？，it’s revitalization?) cannot be achieved by only a small group of people, who speaks an endangered language but without other people communicating with them. So we need a nation that treats it as its own treasure to preserve it. Government is the main force to preserve these languages. 看到这里有种误解，就是征服为了制止小语种的灭绝，难道要强制全国其他民族的人去说他吗？Firstly, the government should educate its people that every language is equal, that is to say, every language is deserved to be spoken and learned. Secondly, the government should improve legislation, develop bilingual education in residential areas for ethnic minorities
and increase finical investment. Moreover, the government should also support anthropological linguistics,(the study in linguistics) which can sufficiently preserve endangered languages.

Facts have already proved that we are on our way to prevent endangered languages. It needs time to see the efforts. But it is an optimistic prospect that some languages would revive and show us different views and attitudes of the world.
论证的重点不是很明确，关于语言灭绝所造成的损失也只阐述了一点。我觉得但从这一点来说不足以要求政府注资甚至立法去强制进行双语教育。况且，语言使用的偏好在现在这个社会是由个人偏好，兴趣决定的。强制出来的结果往往并不好。政府能不能通过宣传这种文化，他的特点，蕴含的奥秘，古老的传说，图腾等等来吸引他们本民族的少年对自己民族的文化产生自豪感求知欲，从而自觉的进行该语言的学习？毕竟篇幅有限，所以我认为关于语言灭绝的原因方面可以少说几句，毕竟和本文论述没有很大的关系。作者的视角还是挺新颖的，比较赞

GG86_FlyUID??2641450

Language, the possession of only human, is a complex system of symbols for us to communicate with each other. We inherit it from our ancestor and transmit it to our offspring. However, a research conducted by the Unite Nation shows that more and more languages are under threat.

Local language is of dying out as its speakers turning to a dominant language. There are many factors lead local language to disappear. One is man-made factor such as colonialist and big-nationality chauvinism. Many authoritarian governments in history required their subjects to speak the official language and forbid the languages of minorities as a form of rule. And another reason is that we have put too much emphasis on globalization. When people commerce and communicate with their companies, they find it is much easier to use a dominant language such as English, Chinese and Russian. Except for the above two reasons, public education, economic globalization, the mass media and the Internet also speed the rate of language loss.

It is difficult for such people who speak a dominant language to understand the feeling of losing mother tongue. Such people could think that the language loss is a nature process and it is a good trend to speak the same language in the world. In fact, the language loss is not only a loss to us, but also damage and a threat to the whole world.

As we all know, language is a culture's production. The life's style, rituals and historic stories and even some secrets are embodied in language. If this language is dying out, how could we study the culture it belongs to and understand the people living under this culture? To the native speakers, their language is representative of their identities. The loss of their mother tongue means more than a phenomenon that their posterity rarely speaks the same language with them, but a loss of their culture and identities.

It is dangerous to have only one language in a nation, because single language is always associated with repression and violence. The House of Hapsburg once forced the Jewish people to speak German in order to make them get rid of their language , tradition and past and to become the loyal subjects to the ruler. European colonialists made English as the dominant language in North American and Africa , thus imposed their values and culture on local residents by uniform the language. The language loss shows us a picture that the advanced community is aggressing another weaker community. It is an aggression of culture that is much worse than a material aggression.

What's more, different languages are behalf of different cultures. The diversity of languages could guarantee the diversity of our world. By learning a foreign language, we can better understand the world through a different aspect. For example, we have words "Kung-fu" from China and "Yoga" from India，they introduce a brand new aspect of the magic world to us. So does the endangered language, they have the same effect on our life like a kaleidoscope that will enrich our knowledge and feeling of the world and our society from different views. When a language dies it is a vision of the world that disappears.

From what is mentioned above, it is clearly that preventing such language from becoming extinct is very important. Since language is the product of the customs and behaviors of a community, the preservation of endangered language cannot be achieved only by a group of people who speak an endangered language but without other people communicating with them. So we need a nation that treat it as a treasure. Government is an efficient force to slow down the extinct process of these languages. What the government should do is: Firstly, the government should educate its citizens that every language is equal, that is to say, every language is deserved to be learned and spoken. The speakers should treat their language rightly, people of minorities should continue speak and educate with their dialects. Secondly, the government should improve legislation, develop bilingual education in the residential areas of ethnic minorities and increase the financial investment. Moreover, the government should also support the study in linguistic which can sufficiently preserve and study endangered languages.

In sum, as more and more languages are under threat, I think the government of countries in which these languages are spoken should take efficient measures to slow down the dying process of these languages. If we do nothing to prevent the language loss, what we loss is far more than a language in the future.


提纲：
语言是什么?现在越来越多的语言消亡了
消亡的原因
消亡的坏处：1. 文化的灭亡，人们没有身份定义了；2.文化侵略；3.没有多样性来看待这个社会
要怎么做：政府要做什么
总结