【1010G精英组】ISSUR&ARGU 习作——by Group Choice

yuanlinqinggreUID: 2755904

208 the way people look, dress, and actreveals their attitude and interests. You can tell much about a society’s ideasand values by observing the appearance and behavior of its people.
外在 VS 内在
人们的眼神、穿着和动作都揭示了他们的态度和兴趣。你可以透过观察一个社会中人们的外貌和举止来认识该社会的理念和价值观。
以小见大
思路：内在和外在的关系
内在决定外在，外在是对内在的表现
1 人们的look， dress and act reaveals theirattitude and interests
2 但是 society’sideas and values not only observed by people’s appearance and behavior.

What do you think when a long hair man walking by you side? What identity doyou think about his interests? He might be a artiest or a poet. It is the same circumstance（好词） that when you talk with a guy who （is） wearing clothes withmany holes and dry his hair into blue or some strange colors. In my mind, hemust be some fund of（是 some kind of ?） poker music or rock and roll. It is familiar for us to judge thepeople by his or her appearance and in fact, some specific kind of wearing andcustom really represent the statues and interests of some people. However, itdoes not mean that a society ‘s ideas and values isonly revealed by the outside element, lacking consideration about what hide behind (under the surface) people’s appearance cannotshow a overall sight of it.
【I am wondering 你的开头段是否应该对于 ideas 和 values 进行一个限定呢？】


There comes a concept in physiology that extrinsic is driven by intrinsicfactors, holding this, then to analyze theappearance, it is not strange to judge someoneby his or his surface.【这一段你写的支持，所以用 not strange 是否有一些太宽泛了呢？】it will never happen that awhite-collar works in a office building but put on slippers which not accordwith his identity【感觉这个例子有点勉强，是否有想过换例子呢？】. What’s more, this kind of problems will not happen for thatintrinsic of these white-collar has already realized what he should wear. if wetake this theory as premise, it is easy to understand why the way people look,dress and act reveals their attitude and interests. Have we ever thought aboutthe question that what will represent our attitude? Although, people will must show their thoughts in association or intheir work, but some petty daily action also usher(这里的usher是做 introduce 之意么？那么 in 是不是有点不恰当啊) themselves in their subconscious. .

Even though some outside factor（s） can reveal people’s ideas and values, does it mean that when wewant to inquiry a society’s ideas and values,the only work need to be done is observing the appearance and behaviors? Theanswer is definitely no. It comes to another circumstance that a geniusmathematician such as Nash, he was fallen(用被动语态合适么？) into his own world and never care about theoutside world. When he walked in the campus when（这个是不是可以省掉呢？）
at his young age, his eyesight is languishment(名词放在be动词之后不行吧)【能不能说his eye is filled with languishment】 and his wearing is not neatly or even dirty. Someone who only pay attention toappearance will equal（equate） Nash to a tramp, however, he is a terrificguy (who )just did not care external. People like is not only one(这句话是什么意思啊？没看懂), how can we judge them ideas andthoughts from their look（appearanceand behavior）?There still exist some other groups of people whose external do not keeping with(match with/accord with) their internal.As to analysis society’s value all-sided, a complicated survey is essential.
【你这论证的是只通过观察人们的行为是无法反映这个社会的价值的，然而你在这段中举出的例子明显的偏离了你的意图，这些例子只能说明他的外在于他的内在是不符的，然而你没有进一步论证他和社会价值以及理念的关系，thus little change in this paragraph is expected】


As we have already discussed above, the role of people’s outside appearance cannot irrevocable（ cannot be ..）, but tell a society’sideas and values only through this path is not enough. A society’s value is anobjective judgment and opinion about the world and this must be somethinghidden behind what easily can (be) observedeasily. Besides one’s appearance the consideration about people’s livingstandard and the level of well-being society are both significant. Theassertion that only think(s) over what show inthe surface is too superficial.

So in the end, what I want to conclude is that as Chinese old saying that donot judge a book by its surface and it is useful here to the（这里的the 是起什么作用呢？）judge （如果judge是名词的话，后面是否应该跟上一个of 呢？）a society’s values and ideas only by what you can see as well.What’s more, the combination of more factors will draw a more accurate judgewhat the values really are.

总的来说,这篇文章的质量不如我在这之前改过的你的文章，有可能这几天太累了吧。从文章里的一些细小的错误就能看出来。细节方面的东西我在文章里面都有标注，所以看看或许对你修改自己的文章有写用处吧。

cynthia313UID: 2765794

Issue169 by Cynthia
In this letter, the chairperson suggest Pierce University should offer jobs to the spouse of each new professor they hire to attract more gifted teachers and researchers and to improve the morale of entire staff. To justify this statement the arguer cites a result of a study conducted by Bronston College, that their faculty are happier living in small town when their spouses are work in the same place. This argument commits several logical fallacies.

In the first place, the arguer directly deduces the study's result of Bronston College to Pierce University, which commits the fallacy of false analogy. However, the situation of these two different towns is not mentioned. It is possible that Bronston is a tourist town with beautiful scenery and low level of pollution, while Pierce is a industry town with high level of pollution. In this case, professors and their spouses are surely like to live in Bronston, while the method of offering jobs to the spouses of Pierce University might not work.

In the second place, the chairperson fails to point out what fraction of our faculty will be new members, thus the assumption that the morale of entire staff could be improved is open to doubt. Perhaps, only a few faculty are new members, thus offer jobs to their spouses is not relevant to other majority of faculty which might have little to do with the whole  morale.

Last but not the least, the arguer fails to consider other factors which might responsible for a professor's decision when he or she looking for a job. The new faculty might care more about the environment for scientific research, their salaries, the chances of promotion, and the geographic area. The Pierce University might fail to attract gifted professors if these factors are not considered.

In sum, as it stands, the argument is not well reasoned to make it logically acceptable. The arguer would have to demonstrate that the result of the study conducted in Bronston College is also practical in Pierce University. Additionally, the arguer must provide more evidence to justify that offer jobs to spouses of new faculty do have the function of improving morale of entire staff. Moreover, the arguer should consider other factors which might influent a professor's decision when looking for a job.

cynthia313UID: 2765794

TOPIC: ISSUE208 - "The way people look, dress, and act reveals their attitudes and interests. You can tell much about a society's ideas and values by observing the appearance and behavior of its people." WORDS: 584 DATE: 2010-5-10 11:10:23 Dose the way people look, dress, and act manifest their attitude and interests? I think the answer is positive. People's behavior, as well as their appearance, does reveal their opinion about things, which, however, cannot exclude other ways through that we can also have a clear view of their values towards things. Thus, some parts of a society's ideas and values, since the spectrum of social ideas and values is too wide to be judged only by people's behavior and appearance,(这个插入也太长了，看后面有点脱节的感觉) can be indicated by observation, while some other parts is(are) hard to tell only from observation of behavior and appearance. It is true that one's values and ideas, defined as one's attitude and interests toward things, is revealed by the way he acts or dresses, when it comes to the small parts of one's values. We can know something about one’s opinion about healthy lifestyle by observing how often he or she does exercises. He may possibly lead a healthy life if high frequency of doing exercises is observed. Moreover, we can tell much about one's ideas towards music by the observation of his preference of clothes. Those who wear gothic style clothes is（are） very likely to be a fans of gothic music, in which case he or she may be pessimistic rather than optimistic. These cases can be reasonable enough to reach the justification that some parts of one's values and ideas can be easily revealed by observation. Yet, can this conclusion be applied to the entire spectrum of one's values? When it comes to the entire spectrum of one's values, observation alone is not enough and diverse measures, such as survey, also can manifest people's values and ideas. Only by measures, such as survey or study, can some personal values and ideas towards things which do not occur in people's daily life be revealed. Consider this case.(这几个单词是哪冒出来的？) How can we know someone's attitude towards Boccaccio, the father of renaissance and a famous writer as well, by observation about his behavior? How can we know his ideas about humanism, started since the very advent of renaissance?（没懂……） Thus, further speculation about the conclusion will inform us that individual's behavior and appearance tells much about some parts of one's ideas and values, while other parts remain unknown. As the society is composed by myriads of individuals, people's values and ideas, to a large extent, determine a society's（感觉没说完呢？values?）, which can lead to the conclusion that observation about people's behavior and appearance does help to reveal some parts of social ideas and values while some other parts, when we dig deep about a society's values, remain unknown. Profound values and ideas in a society can not be revealed, as innate deficiency of observation limits itself to people's daily life. Thus, social ideas about things which is common and occur frequently in daily, on the one hand,(后面用不用对应个On the other hand呢？) can be figured out by observation, while social ideas, as well as values, about things, such as things in the field of art which is not usually occur in daily life, can not be figured out by observation. In sum, as society is composed of myriads of individuals, people's ideas and values is（are） both a pivot and an indispensable indicator of society's. However, the entire spectrum of people's values and ideas cannot be figured out by observation about people's behavior and appearance. Therefore, we can tell something about a society's ideas and values by observation while some parts of a society's values and ideas is (are) revealed in a different way.

yuan的长句真是读的偶超级痛苦啊，同时也看见了巨大的差距，改这篇文章主要是来学习的了~呵呵~~
关于有些句子插入部分太长，导致前后读起来有点脱节的感觉，不知道是我水平有限还是这样把主谓宾分成一截一截的更native？望楼主指教啊~~
这两条太忙了导致大脑长期僵直，可能有很多小细节的地方还没改到，还请见谅~~
额~~继续掉色。只有添附件了……

xingfuhbjUID: 2769976

修改 小柯  ISSUE208


Whether the way people look, dress, and act reveal their attitudes and interests? Whether you can (我觉得貌似应该是can you?) tell much about a society’s ideas and values just by observing the appearance and behavior of its people? (应该要回答下的~)Actually, in my analysis, such these things like look, act of people may be limited by the economical and working conditions that they can’t reveal their real attitudes and interests sometimes. Moreover, to learn a society’s ideas and values we have to realize its regime and history rather than just observe the people’s behavior and appearance.

Admittedly, in the democratic country, the way people look, dress, and act sometimes can reveal their own attitudes and interests, and reflect the fashion tendency recently(我觉得fashion tendency本身就有recently的意思~我不知道你后面的的and是怎么连接它前后的内容的,我觉得它们并非平行的关系。而且一个句里两个and也不咋好的说~). For example, if one likes wearing the red clothes, we can expect this color is his favorite,(个人认为很有可能是因为其肤色最适合红色等原因,这个推断有点过于主观的说~) and from the prospective of psychology, it may reveal he is an active man. If we recently observe many people talks about the actors or actresses in the movies or TV plays, we can realize what products can cater for the people’s tastes now, to the extent which really can reflect what their real desires.

However, the (way) people look, dress, and act is(are?) also influenced by other inevitable objective factors such as economical and working conditions so that it may not reveal their real attitudes and interests all the time. For example,(换一个吧~比如说for instance~) the people live in the poor realms(realm可以用在这不?我也不知道哈~) always wear the(去掉) ragged clothes , for they can’t afford more to(可以这样用么? more这样加在中间貌似不行吧?) buy a new one, while the people in the rich areas may usually dress extravagantly. It’s certainly that this difference is just influenced by their diverse economical environment rather than their particular attitudes and interests.(个人认为这正好反应了穷人和富人的价值观,虽然这或许是由经济状况不同造成的,但都是反应了其本身的attitudes. 可以讨论下~~) Moreover, the way people act is much attributed to its working condition. To improve their salary or positions, the people have to compromise on the reality. For instance, one doing the sale(这个表达错了米?) needs to please even adulate customers to take the products; otherwise he may suffer from the unemployment for its poor sales. In this case, this salesman has to do these things even though against their own attitudes.(这个例子还八错哈~)

As we know(考虑到本身的连接和与下句开头的错开,用类似于from the XX above等会好点哈~) what the people look, dress, and act can be limited under some circumstances that fail to reveal their own attitudes and interests. As a consequence, for society is influenced by manifold both subjective and objective essences(这里改成这样更好~ by manifold essences, both subjective and objective,) such as tradition and regime, the people’s appearance and behavior can’t always reflect the society’s ideas and values really and wholly. For example, (第三个了哈~)the people in some despotic(这词会不会有点过了?不过我不了解古巴的说~) country like Cuban may have little freedom to express and act what they want so that their behavior may just only reveal the leader’s value rather than their own. Recently, when the president announced that the perks such as free holiday would be scrapped; there was no pretest(protest) against the unfair decision. Maybe from the populace’s reaction,(这句是啥意思?) one can reason the assent is a society’s response to the news. In actual (fact), on the contrary, without the freedom of speech and march, the Cubans have to concede it(建议这里还是把it指明~) even though the decision is detrimental to their interests. In this case, if we just treat the people’s appearance and behaviors we observe as a society’s idea and value, we may neglect some truth and make an arbitrary judgment.

In sum, the(去掉) people’s look, dress and act are influenced by many external conditions such as economic and occupation so that their own attitudes and interests may can’t be really revealed. By the same token, a society’s values and ideas can not be observed just by the people’s appearances and behaviors. Under the pressure of some regime, the populace may be against their own to meet the leader’s needs. In a word, no matter to learn an individual’s attitudes and interests or a society’s idea and values, we need to do a depth survey and consider more influential essences to make a fair conclusion.

我觉得这是一篇totally的argument式ISSUE… 而且很严重的是~你最后一句的总结,把这整篇文变为建议文了~这是事实文的说~
写issue的时候还是尽量try to甩掉argument的感觉吧~
语言表达有待提高~不过还是有蛮多好词的说~
语法错误不少~不知道自查了米?米自查就算鸟~如果自查过了,那还是要注意一下哈~加油加油~

elevenkarUID: 2791267

To xingfu:
I convert another way to modify your issue. The part I commented is underlined and the part I suggested you modify is in red.

第十次作业  ISSUE 208

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Have you ever tried to purposely conceal your own feeling, hide your interests, and obscure your attitudes by acting, dressing, and talking through another way? I guess the answer is undoubtedly yes.
(this sentence is terrific in using question and answer . )So the reason why we do such things is that, it is actually the way we look, dress, and act will reveals our real attitudes and interests.(I think the cause-effect is not logically enough. After I read this sentence, I feel puzzle about that. Cause it does not answer the question you gave befor)And considering a society is consists of numerous people, when we put our emphasis on observing the appearance and behavior of its people, we will always get the access to the society’s ideal and values.

First and foremost, people express their inner feelings, consciously or unconsciously, through their appearance and behavior.(great viewpoint) In one hand, no matter we want to or not, mean to or not, we do express our thoughts through an unconscious way, such as through our voice, our appearance, and our dress. The hot TV series “Lie to me” , which is a TV series (delete)grounding on the research work of Paul Ekman --a psychologist from university of California, has just verified this fact. (I have doubt of your sentence structure. In this sentence, the subject is : The hot TV series “Lie to me”, how can you say, a tv series verify some theory? I tried to express as follow:
The research work of Paul Ekman --a psychologist from university of California, on which the hot TV series “Lie to me” ground on,, has just verified this fact )Paul is a pioneer in the study of emotions and their relation to facial expressions, according to his researches, the 7% communication of human is through the actual words, while another93% of what we communicated with others is nonverbal, which includes our tonal voice, our pitch, our posture, micro expressions on our face, and different gestures that we might use.
(Terrific evidence)In(on) the other hand, people will intentionally
convey their attitudes and values through their apparel and behavior. For instance, richer people of upper class will dress correctly, even elaborately and flamboyantly, sit in a limo to attend endless parties, in order to accord with their social status and show their sense of superiority. While people of middle classes
(class))will dress relative casually(relatively casual) and may just take public transportation when going(go)
out, just try to meet some basic needs.
Moreover, musicians and artists are tend to dress more fashionable and forward as a striking contrast to common people, which is just the reflection of their unique mode of thought(thoughts). Synthesizing the two respects, the statement that people convey themselves through their appearance and behavior is valid.

While the society will no longer called a society if there is no people inside, it is those people within it that of the most significance when we trying
(try)to acknowledge it. As a social people, one is growing among the ambience of the ideas and values of its society, keep learning of the proper and unique way to communicate with others, to tell the right from fault, to appreciate beauty form ugly in its own society.(great viewpoint)
Thus, people's appearance and behavior is not only the mirror of their own attitudes and interests, but also a mirror of their society's. To give an example, let
‘stake a glance at the value of saving and consumption between US and China.In fact, you don't have to be a zealot to find that Americans always prefer to consume rather than save while Chinese always do the opposite thing. This is not only for the reason that US has a better social security system, though it do count a part, but is because(but for that) Americans regard money of less importance comparing to the Chinese. Many Americans don't be afraid of no money in pocket, they have already got used to the pattern of earn-consume-earn model,(I try to express as follow: This is not only for the reason that US has a better social security system, though it do count a part, but for that americans’ regard consuming as a stimulation of earning more money and treasure comfortable lifestyle), whereas, Chinese always keep a habit of saving, saving for (against)any unexpected misfortune, (+saving)for their children, their parents, and their own. Such a phenomenon is just the reflection of the different values of the two countries, for the fact that individualism is the dominant value of US while Chinese will lay more emphasis on their family.

To sum up, I'm willing to give two advises: if you were a confused mother who want to know the real thought of her child, just try to pay more attention to your child's appearance and behavior; and if you were a sociologist who want to well understand the values of a society, just concentrate on observing the appearance and behavior of its people.
Commentary: it is really an amazing article. You deeply discussed about how the appearance and act reveal the truth, such as one’s attitudes and interests, and the values and ideas of society. The incidents you used to support your viewpoint is absolutely pertinent and high-octane. But to the last example you gave, the comparision of Chinese and americans’ cumsumption habit is little ill-illustrated in language. i have gave my modifing poinion, but i am not confident about it. Actually, picking this item is brilliant, if you can further modify it, that issue will be outstanding.

--------------------yours sincerely eleven

toywangUID: 2700880

issue208 by Cynthia
208"The way people look, dress, and act reveals their attitudes and interests. You can tell much about a society's ideas and values by observing the appearance and behavior of its people."

When meeting someone for the first time, we tend to closely observe his or her dress and act. 【这里是否要举个例子印证一下呢？】Through this, we can generally judge him or her to some extent, because the appearance may partly reveal the[省去] people's attitudes and interest【s】.【我觉得这句话和第一句话是同意反复，显得多余】 However, the statement that people’s appearance and behavior【这里如果people理解的是人类的话那就应该加s啊~~~】 can reveal society’s ideas and values is some what exaggerated.【最后一句换成it is exaggerated that ~~~好点】

It is true that we can judge people’s personalities partly from their appearance in some extent【第二次出现了】. With the personality of scrupulousness, a professor of university is trend to wear austere and clean clothes; a vivacious actress might adorn herself with colorful dressings just like a butterfly; and a prudent worker might choose readymade and inexpensive clothes, which indicates the personality of saving rather than spending. In addition, some young people like print pictures of their idols or things they loved on the T-shirts. In that case, we can easily tell their interests. 【我也有举这种例子，但是不觉得不需要泛泛而谈，而且这些例子中有些很容易被推翻。明星平时穿着低调啊~~】

We can see from above that the appearance and behavior 【是负数吧~~】of people do reveal their attitudes and interests in some respects, 【我觉得可以分开来写了，毕竟已经是两个意群了】however, when it is generalized to a society’s ideas and values, the conclusion seems ridiculous. On one hand, people’s way of look, dress and act is under the influence of many other factors, besides their attitudes and interests. On the other hand, society’s ideas and values are so complicated that mere individuals’ outside behavior can not reveal.【这里应该是着重论述的吧，解释的太弱了，也没有例子支撑】

Never judge a book by its cover. Our appearance and behavior are not only determined by our values but also many other factors. For example, students and faculty of some companies are required to wear uniforms. And individuals who work as nurses and waiters are required to be kind and always smile. Moreover, in this era, many of us tend to disguise. Some people might care little about his or her appearance, so their might be rich ones dress simple clothes. It is also possible that a murderer behaves like a gentleman. In those cases, people’s appearance and behavior even can not indicate their personalities truly, let alone their ideas and values.
这个角度我不知道对不对啊，题目说的是社会价值观可以由外在觉得，要是反驳点话，应该是写社会价值观是由别的什么因素觉得或者影响的，而不是说人的外表是由其他事物影响的，不知道你了解不。
What’s more, society’s ideas and values is a complex definition【社会观念是个体观念的集合吗？我不大确定这个定义是否准确】 which is made up of all individuals’ attitudes towards the entire objective world. How can individuals’ outside behavior reveal such complicated society ideas and values? Most of society values have little relationship with people’s appearance and behavior, such as democracy, freedom, competition, etc. How can we tell people’s inner ideas and values just through their appearance or behavior superficially? It is absurd to say that one holds the value of democracy because of his shirt. Thus, we even can not judge individuals’ ideas and values just through their outside behavior, let along the society’s.我觉得你不停地说怎么可能~~~？不可能~~·？如果给一个例子会好点

To sum up, people’s appearance and behavior can reveal individuals’ personality in some extent.【虽然应该首尾呼应，不过还是要变换一下句式吧~~~】 However, when coming to the ideas and values of a society, which is a complicated definition including all individuals and the entire objective world, we can not tell superficially from one’s appearance, since outside looking are affected by many other factors and most ideas and values have little relationship with our appearance or behavior.【最后你说has little relationship with ,这不是对你开头论述的推翻吗？body的第一段不是说还是能反映的吗？】

yuanlinqinggreUID: 2755904

TOPIC: ARGUMENT169 - The following appearedin a letter from a department chairperson to the president of Pierce University.

"Some studies conducted by Bronston College, which is also located in asmall town, reveal that both male and female professors are happier living insmall towns when their spouses are also employed in the same geographic area.Therefore, in the interest of attracting the most gifted teachers andresearchers to our faculty and improving the morale of our entire staff, we at Pierce Universityshould offer employment to the spouse of each new faculty member we hire.Although we cannot expect all offers to be accepted or to be viewed as an idealjob offer, the money invested in this effort will clearly be well spentbecause, if their spouses have a chance of employment, new professors will bemore likely to accept our offers."
WORDS: 549
TIME: 00:45:00
DATE: 2010-5-12 15:17:31

Based on the study carried out by BostonCollege that professors are happier when their spouses also works in the samegeographic area, the author implies the causal relationship between theemployment of their spouses and their happiness. For that matter, he suggeststhat the university, in order to inspire the morale and attract more teachers,should offer all faculties in the college. However, further reflection willreveal that the argument is based on several unjustified causal relationship.

Firstly, the study conducted by Bronston College, to say nothing of theeffectiveness of the study, is little indication that professors’ happinessresults from their spouses being employed in the same geographic area. Sincethere are myriads of factors that may affect one's mental condition, it isentirely possible that some other factors, such climate in that place or salaryoffered by the university, serve to the professors' happiness. For that matter,the condition of spouse employment casts little effect on the mental conditionof professors. Thus, the author cannot come to his basis of his conclusion thatthe employment condition of professors' spouses is responsible for
professors' mental condition, without rulingout other possible factors.

Secondly, even assuming that causalrelationship between the professors' working in the same geographic area withtheir spouses, the author unfairly assumes that professors in Boston Collegeare representative of those in Pierce University. However, noevidence is offered to corroborate this pivot assumption, in which casedifference between professors in different places may weak the conclusion. Forthat matter, most professors in Pierce University share the opinion that it isnot necessary for heir spouses to work outside, while professors in Boston whoare offered a low salary may happy about their spouses' having
jobs. Thus, the scenario, if true, would bereasonable enough to weaken the argument tremendously. Until the author providescompelling evidence that professors in PierceUniversity are typical of those in Boston College,I remain doubtful about the conclusion.

Thirdly, the author, even I concede thatthe result of the study can also be applied to most professors in Pierce University,fails to take other factors which may also be taken into account while teachersand researchers are hunting jobs. For that matter, people may value otherfactors such as health care or salary rather than whether the universityprovides a job for the spouses. If that is the case, the suggestion may have,if any, little effect on attracting new teachers and researchers, since thesalary offered is not so compelling. Moreover, the author, providing nocomparison, cannot ensure me that the suggestion is the best choice. Since someother measures may also useful, comparison is indispensable, if the authorwants to ensure the effectiveness of the suggestion. As a result, withoutconsidering other factors which can also affect the morale, as well as thosewhich affected job decision, the author cannot confidently conclude that thesuggestion is both sufficient and indispensable to achieve the goaleffectively.

In sum, the deduction made by thechairperson suffers from the deficiency of ignoring other possible factorswhich may affect the result, which render
the argument, lucid as it is, unconvincing and untenable. The author, inorder to strengthen his ratiocination, must provide prominent evidence toeliminate factors which hinder his justification.

toywangUID: 2700880

见习才回来，马上补好作文~~~
逻辑： small town bronston大学 survey ====》配偶和工作有关==》 在pierce也一样。
       攻击点：1 这个survey是在小地方的，因而不具有代表性甚至有地区性，不一定适应pierce， which 并未说是小城市
给配偶提供工作====》教授就回来=====》提高moral
攻击：2配偶一定接受工作吗？这个花费的开销要有多少呢？
反过来想，用前面的理论 在他们配偶来之前，他们也不会来的。因为希望在一起啊
      3教授不考了其他因素吗？ 当然不会，还要考虑学术环境，教学氛围等等啊
The argument presents a letter from a department chairperson in which elaborates the result that Pierce University can attract more gifted teachers and researchers by a well arrange of the job of their spouses. As to the interesting way of attraction talented faculties, it was the conclusion drawn by some studies conducted by Bronston College. In the process before the chairperson say that offer to professor will be easier accepted exists many flaws.


Firstly, when we take the use of some specific surveys’ results, the vital conditions of different environments should have something in common. For example, the premise of the application of the result is the two places are both small town and the professors they want to attract are have same thoughts as who received the survey. There is no fixed data to show the population or the areas about the so-called small town. It is easier for us to think that the town where Broston university located in is not a small town as the place where Pierce College in without any specific data. In addition, we are doubt about the levels or ranks of the two universities. The reasons why we need to consider it is that it is related to the professors they want to attract. In a high level of scientific, what they focus maybe more than the company by their families.

Secondly, the chairperson regards that teachers and faculty’s spouses will receive the job if it is fitful. Has thinker over that their spouses maybe teachers as well and they have make their decisions to devoted in the education field. If so, what will Bronston University do? What’s more, the action to create job opportunities and do not choose the best to these jobs will do harm to the development of the town. And weather the money invested into this is well spent or not is not judge by the chairperson but by the space of the boost of local economic.

At last and not least, the chairperson has made a great mistake that is lack of concerning about other factors affect their chosen. If these teachers in university only care about their spouses, they may do not have some achievement after they was signed and cannot serve for the original intention that is improve the moral of other faculties. However, the teachers who already have fame and attractive must pay attention to the application of labs and the level of students they will guide. So the only way to attract professors without any other actions and preparations may not work at all.

After the discussion about the flaws made in letter, the chairperson need to find a more practice way more than just care about how do arrange their spouses only. With a high research level and a active atmosphere of study, the university will attract more talented teachers. And a good use of that amount of money into the improve of local applications is more worthless.

xingfuhbjUID: 2769976

第十二次作业  ARGUMENT 169
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逻辑链：
1．
同样在小镇的B校，当其配偶与其在同一地区工作时，其教授无论性别是男是女都乐于在小镇生活。
2．
P校给所有新教员的伴侣提供就业机会
1+2→可以帮助P校吸引最优秀的老师和研究人员、提高全体教员士气、让新教员更愿意来P校任职。
反对观点：
1．更愉快不代表士气一定可以提高，还有其他很多因素的影响。没有证据证明配偶的工作地点是教授们选择工作的唯一或重要标准，校风，工作，工资都很重要 ·在一起生活愉快。
2．两个地方的情况可能不同，纯粹的复制可能达不到同样的效果。东施效颦。邯郸学步。(不想写那么多字数了~~懒得写了~~)
3．可行性不高。提高士气的N多办法。可能会导致老员工的不满，使开销更大。
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Grounding on a study which shows that when their spouses are employed in the same geographic area, both male and female professors of Bronston College are happier about living in a small town, the chairperson of Pierce University--which is also located in a small town, deduced that if they offer employment to the spouse of each new faculty member they hire, they will definitely attract more teachers to work as their faculty especially the most gifted ones. However, with so many flaws, both the chairperson and the president need to think twice before they put such a new policy into effect.

First and foremost, for the reasoning that other converging factors may lead to the expecting effect, a happier metal status of professors doesn’t equal a higher morale. The chairperson gets the assertion on the premise that when professors feel happier, they will undoubtedly reach an effectiveness and efficiency. However, the studied which he based on have nothing to do with this perspective, and it also failed to indicate that the working place of professors’ spouses is the main factor which will influence their morale. As human is a species with the most complex and kaleidoscopic emotions in this world, we could imagine that there must be several factors as a whole, instead of single one, which can make a professor to feel encourage and be willing to improve its effectiveness. For instance, working environment, wage level, welfare policy may play a great role in the decision making of those professors. Moreover, the chairperson seems have a big appetite for the most talented teachers. However, he shouldn’t pin his hope on such trifling bait. The most gifted teachers always considered more elements, and they may ask other requests, such as higher wages, better welfare, promotion, and opportunity for further study.

Besides, the chairperson really need a glance at the school’s budget to make sure whether it is a feasible measure to improve the morale of the entire staff by offer local job for new teachers’ spouses, and pay attention to the side effect of such a decision. Let’s assume that offering employment to the spouse of each new faculty member will surely attract many teachers and can make them effective, but do they really worth the price? And what if the university is not rich enough to afford the cost? Or maybe they will face a tight budget if they enforce such measure? Even if the Pierce University is rich enough to jump over such concerns, finding local job for professors’ spouses it not as an easy work as they imagined. Let’s exclude the possibility that the job competition may be fierce in the small town, just consider that will an ECO or a well-known lawyer, who is also the spouse of a target professor, be willing to give up his or her job to work in a small town? I guess the answer is certainly no. In addition, too much emphasis on new faculty, which means unfair treatment, may result in an opposite situation to an increased morale of entire stuff. The former teachers may feel ignored and upset thus became less efficient. That not what the chairperson and president want to see.

In sum, watching the argument from the sidelines, I find it ought to be attested by more convincing evidence. Numerous facts had made it clear that to verifying an assertion, a strict research is required. Thus the argument would be more favourable if the chairperson involves more surveys and consideration, which can also avoid a unexpected side effect.

cynthia313UID: 2765794

issue153 by cynthia
It is common in schools that students’ performances are measured by scores, which to a large extent indicate their abilities of remembering what they are taught. As a result, students are tend to accept the theories and principles of text books passively to get high scores, rather than thinking over the theories themselves to find out the truth. However, skepticism to the existing knowledge is not only crucial to students themselves, but also essential for the development of the society.

On one hand, skepticism is of great importance for the students when they step into society. Our aim of education is to cultivate individuals who have contributions to the society. Students can not be students forever, finally they would step into society to be researchers, engineers and professors, they might be required to have theories and principles themselves. They may face new problems which have no definitely correct answers like examinations, their might be various ideas about one same thing. If students always accept existing knowledge passively without considering, they might get confused before these questions, they even cannot tell right from wrong, let alone have their own views and have contributions to the society.

On the other hand, skepticism plays an important role in the development of a society. A myriad of science and technology development are out from the questioning of the existing knowledge. Copernicus developed the geocentric theory by the skepticism of heliocentricism, which was undisputed at that time. Albert Einstein formulated the theory of relativity by questioning Newton's theory of mechanics, which is known as classical mechanics. Galileo’s famous experiment of "two iron balls fall to the ground at the same time" on the tower of Pisa overturned Aristotle's doctrine of "the falling speed of an object is proportional to its weigh". We can see from these examples that scientific skepticism can promote the pace of social development. Through denying the fallacies in the past, we create more developed new things nowadays. Hence, such critical spirits should be encouraged and should also be emphasized in our education.

However, beyond is as wrong as falling short. Over-emphasizing on skepticism might leads to neglecting of basic knowledge, which is relatively true in a long period of time. Students who are critical to every theory might have difficulty in forming a scientific systematization of knowledge, which is the basic for them to explore the new lands of their fields.

In the end, skepticism is critical both for students themselves and for the development of a society. Without such critical spirit, we cannot find out the fallacies before, thus cannot create a new theory. Our education should pay more attention to cultivate students the way of critical thinking, only through this can the students adapt to the dramatically changing era, which have many problems without definitions and accurate answers.

yuanlinqinggreUID: 2755904

TOPIC: ISSUE153 - "Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. They should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively."
WORDS: 668          TIME: 01:15:00          DATE: 2010-5-13 17:06:38

Is it necessary for students to be skeptical, defined as remaining doubtful until compelling evidence is provided, to all that they study, which includes knowledge in a certain fields as well as basic moral and ethic standards of a society? When considering the goal of learning is to become well socialized, I think the answer cannot be positive or negative, since when it comes to different things which students are going to learn the effect of skepticism varies. Skepticism is indispensable when it comes to specific academic knowledge in a field while the basic moral and ethic standards should be acquired passively.

Since knowledge from the predecessors cannot be fully comprehensive, it is necessary for students to remain doubtful about the knowledge when it is introduced to him, therefore students are more likely to advance the knowledge. For example, Dante, an exceptional writer who served to the renaissance, started to be aware of the importance of human participation into art and literature works, when he was curious about the fact that most paintings and literature works in the middle ages focus on gods rather than human because he was really skeptical about the role of gods in literature works and paintings. Therefore, Dante, with other two great writers, Boccaccio and Pertarch, started to focus on human, as the center of the work, and truth, which finally led to realism and humanism during renaissance, a great improvement in human history. Obviously, it is skepticism which Dante bring to what he saw that helped him to achieve such a great advancement; thus, there is no denying of the significance of skepticism.

However, not all things, such as moral and ethic standards, should be treated with skepticism, as moral and ethic principles are also taught in school in order to help students to form a value system which accords with social values and moral standards. As legislation is greatly determined by social values and moral standards, skepticism on general accepted social standards will possibly render some students' moral standard distorted. It is widely acknowledged that all races are equal, while skepticism will bring those who is skeptical about the standard to racialism, which is absolutely detrimental to himself as well as the society when considering the goal of studying is to become beneficial to himself and the society as well. For that matter, students, most of who are teenagers and young people in adolescent, a pivot period to form their own value system, should be taught with general accepted and basic moral standard so that they would be more beneficial rather than detrimental to society and people around them. As a result, students, if they want to become well socialized, should not bring skepticism to the knowledge about moral and social standards.

Students, though they should not bring skepticism to this field, should consider the meaning of these moral and ethic standards, which is more than a bunch of dogmas, and figure out the culture background in order to better acquire the standards rather than receive it passively. For instance, humanism, which started since the renaissance, is generally accepted among most westerners, which cannot be fully understood merely by receiving it passively. As we trace back to the renaissance and figure out the true meaning of renaissance, we can not only find out why human is in the center of most masterpieces in that time but also figure out why people are so conscious of human right in our daily life. In this way can we learn the true meaning of the standards as well as some moral and ethic standards which originated from this.  

In sum, as we study not only for the purpose of making academic contribution but also for the purpose of making social contribution, skepticism, on the one hand, is indispensable for students when it comes to the academic purpose, some other methods to better know the moral and ethic standards, on the other hand, is also necessary when it comes to the purpose of social contribution.

elevenkarUID: 2791267

153. "Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. They should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively."
2010-5-13
13:26:55 ～14：33：27
656words
by eleven

I fully advocate that students should hold skeptical attitudes towards what they are taught instead of accepting it passively because such kind of attitudes can enhance the capability of people that ultimately bring well-being to our society as a whole. It is commonly acknowledged that, people’s logic evolve into a new higher lever at the process of doubting because during the period, people use their brain to contrast and link their ideas with the knowledge they are taught and intent to build their own knowledge system. Since today’s students are tomorrow’s pillars of the community, those people who become more versertile and advanced-logical under suspecting exercise can eventrally better our society.

Moreover, when a student accept information in his or her own initiative though properly suspect at the knowledge, he imply himself or herself not to idol which can cultivate the habit of thinking independently.In the “the aim of education ” which is one of the best-seller of educational book in china that influence billions of people since it has occurred in the world, the first chapter describe the most significant meaning of education is to nurture people think independently, by which people can profoundly and clearly identify the world around them. Only when the society are full of those kind of people can the thrive of it be attained as a consequence that people who are independently thinking won’t be easily provoked or fooled,and innovation is familiar in such kind of society.

Admittedly, from the stand point of a teacher, they have the right to worry about meeting a whole class of students full of query. They may not worry about that his or her dignity is no longer existence; but authentically anxious about the vital behalf of the students themselves. They may concern that if all the students have build a thinking habit that unfriendly query of all the information they encountered, they may devolve into conceited and lacking of safety person. With such flawed learning virtue, how can they learn new things and become the pillar of our community? How can the class maintain harmony between its people? How can he(the teacher himself) serve as a role of guidance effectively?

The existence of the teachers’ anxieties is worthy to obtain attention. To give analogy that our society is a big class and the teacher is the political government. When every denizens among the society doubt all the policies, laws,even desitions of the government, the society cost itself a lot. For instance in the last year, many people in the United States have discredit to the president Bush, for the government has carried out the Iraq war by the warrant assumption that it possesses weapons of mass destruction ready for use at any time. The strike and protest raised from all over the country also ruined the social harmony and hamper many people's normal work.

In sum, To teach the students how to question and criticizes the issues through dependent thinking is much more important than to make them instantly deny every opinion without giving any consideration. On the one hand, the process of which learning the information about one problem and then drawing their judgments through careful study is much more important for a student than the final conclusion. On the other hand, people should give more consideration on what the students learn through the process of judging rather than enthusiastic about giving commons on the final results. Furthermore, for most of the students, their question and critics, in most of the cases, does not present their dissatisfaction of the society but they concerning the progress of the society and willing to become one of the persons that contributes the development of it.modern education should strive to help students thinking all the issues and obtain their judgment through their own efforts, and people should also giving more attention on the students learning process rather than assess the effects of the education by the final judgments made by students.

toywangUID: 2700880

11:10---12:50
Skepticism，broadly defined as an attitude of doubt or a disposition to incredulity either in general or toward a particular object. Here, the function of skepticism is limited in education which directed connected with the process to acquire knowledge. It may still doubtable of the function of the authority or some proved theory in the past, but today no matter parents or teachers are both commit themselves to bring up children’s critical spirits. In contrast, in have critical thoughts about this phenomenon as well.

Holding doubts in mind about the trend that culturing children’s skepticism to whatever they study, I want to recognize the achievement made by this at first. In the past, Galileo do not accept what taught by teachers and proved that subject of different weight have the same speed to fallen. At that time, Aristotle’s theory that have different speeds was accepted by most people. This may be a old example to illustrate my point, then today, the overthrow of the achievement made by Korean scientist Huang Yuxi, although his theory was fake at first, there still need skepticism to find the scandal in academic without accept it without any thinking.

Even we admit the function of skepticism, but it still not among the main stream spirits. If we do not take any action to the development trend of skepticism, it may over the outline and excessively concerned will produce exactly the opposite result.

If students have certain skepticism to whatever they study, how does the teaching process continue? For example, students on primary school and teacher taught them that one plus one equals two. Should students doubt and do not accept it? If the student raise the hand to question, how does the teacher answer it which is profound question even connected with Goldbach Conjecture. As to solve this problem which seems easy but hard to explain needs large numbers of basic knowledge. The so-called basic knowledge is bricks which can construct buildings. If we have doubt about whatever we learn, one the hand, students will not master the essential knowledge efficiently; on the other hand, the basic knowledge is the fundamental of further study or skepticism.

In addition, the assertion that children should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively is presumptuous. In fact, does accept knowledge not passively equals to question everything? The goal of some specific class is to impart the knowledge to students and the ultimate aim is to bring up some kind of thinking model which is more than just skepticism. For instance, the ability to accept the proved knowledge and to use them flexible is in the same importance as skepticism. Even we regard skepticism as an irreplaceable thoughts, the standard of it still need to be fixed or at least not to everything. If we doubt about everything without any standard, the expectation to boost the development of some specific academic field will only laid in dream.

After the discussion about the result about excessively use of skepticism, it is easier to realize the core of skepticism is to judge the world or theory more objective and walk closer to the truth. In the process of grasp the truth, there still exist more other sprits more than just question, and the only focus on skepticism is hard to get the core of truth.