1010G零散版友作文互改帖（Issue）

方方土UID: 2847461

Issue入门 求猛拍
Issue130"How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society."

The speaker also assetrs that highly-organized children are helpful in future society  and put out a question how we raise children to this level.However,I was dubious about this statement which put too much emphasis on children's socialization.There might be myraid factors that accounts for social success.

It is certain that early development of a country and the plan for its future both affects the success of our society.We can't imagine a poorly-developed region, where people are still lack of food,clean water as well as shelters and few modern manufacturing industry exists,will be able to be the most prosperous places in five years simply due to a intellegent leader.Kroraina,once a high-cilvilized oasis state located in southwestern China ,prospered for centuries and eventually lost its history in 400AD.According to the report of History Institute of China,as a oasis in the cross of a few significant commercial routes,Kroraina never had a plan to change its role from a business center to one as an agricultural country,leading to its extinction.Historians searching for the details of complex and numerous history stories,never tell the public hows children are socialized today determines the destiny of society.Sociologists researching into human destiny ,rarely found evidence to support the speaker's assertion.

Furthermore,prediction about future condition in a few years remains hard to both normal people and social experts.Even if children now are well-socialized ,will the nation be well-organized in future?Even if children now are poor-slcialized,will the country be really less-developed?It still remains questioning to we human beings.The speaker's assertion that how children are socialized today might probably be an arbitrary decision.

Yet I still concede that well-socialized students are helpful in future society.A presentation given by Chinese Ministry of Educaton in February this year,reveals that education costs 4 percent of GDP as well as over 15 percent of national financial income,which indicates the government focuses on education to make itself more powerful in the future.Needless to say,socialization as a term of education,might include a series of procedures such as enriching expertise knowledge,improving ones' responsibility and loyalty for the country,and whole-heartedly devotion to one's position.Take a student majoring in material engineering and science for example,we can imagine that without firm belief in his nation he may work for the enemies during the wartime and even join in terrorism group.It is quite easy for us to imagine the incorrect use of material,which may cause the increase of war casualities.Thus we concede that highly-socialized student can serve as a positive factor for the whole society.

Nevetheless,it remains questioning for an educator to make a socilization plan for the students.Teachers in elementary school,in middle school,in high school and even in colleges always pay most their attention to the teaching method of a certain subject.Dr. Samuel Stone,an experienced reseacher in Global Reseach Center of Behaviors and Psychology,tells us that only 3.4 percent of elmentary school teachers have a clear view of socialized students while 4.5 percent of college professors and only 3.1 percent of middle school students.Now edcational experts in New Jersey take action to encourage teachers and parents to make the students more socialized.Even though the result of this measure is hard to predict,the public maintain their confidence in this matter.

In conclusion ,I strongly disagree with the speaker's assertion that the solization level of students affects the destiny of society.However,I still concede that well-educated students will be helpful in the future construction work.What's more ,it is quite hard and necessary for educators to build a system improving socialized students.

tyarelUID: 2756223

改17L



Issue130"How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society."

The speaker(author比较好吧) also(为什么要also？还是漏了一句？) assetrs that highly-organized(socialize: 1.to fit or train for a social environment.2.to adapt to social need or use.以上是摘自MW中对socialize的解释，个人感觉这个well-organized中的不太合适，值得斟酌一下) children are helpful in future society  and put out a question how we raise children to this level.However,I was dubious about (dubious:not certain and slightly suspicious about something; not knowing whether something is good or bad特别注意我加粗的部分，dubious有表示自己也不确定的意思，你想表达的怀疑应该是否定的态度吧？doubt就可以了)this statement which put too much emphasis on children's socialization. There might be myraid factors that accounts for social success.
个人观点，这个开头花了太多篇幅在重复题干了，而且还是以the speaker…的形式，感觉像一篇argument了，个人觉得，开头更重要的是抛出自己的观点，甚至最好是可以为下文论述埋下伏笔，让人可以从开头就明确你的观点还有你大概会怎么来论述你的观点。

It is certain that early development of a country and the plan for its future both affects(affect) the success of our(前面是泛指的a country，这里怎么又变成our了？小地方不注意也会给人留下逻辑混乱的印象) society.We can't imagine a poorly-developed(感觉比较奇怪的用法，没见过，undeveloped就可以了吧) region, where people are still lack of (lack或者are lacking，而且lack是及物动词，只有在作为名字的时候才有lack of这个用法) food,clean water as well as shelters and few modern manufacturing industry exists,will be able to be the most prosperous places(前后单复数不一直，region怎么变成places?) in five years simply due to a intellegent leader.Kroraina,once a high-cilvilized oasis state located in southwestern (on southwestern of，介词on表示接壤或者往某个方向)China ,prospered for centuries and eventually lost its history(对这个不是很能理解) in 400AD.According to the report of History Institute of China,as a oasis in the cross of a few significant commercial routes,Kroraina never had a plan to change its role from a business center to one as an agricultural country,leading to its extinction.Historians searching for the details of complex and numerous history stories,never tell the public hows children are socialized today determines the destiny of society.Sociologists researching into human destiny ,rarely found evidence to support the speaker's assertion.
老实说，感觉作者这段论述逻辑有点紊乱。首先论据分析就有点逻辑漏洞。为什么“一个贫穷的国家在5年内在一个有智慧的领导人的领导下就不可能成为最富裕的地方”？作者扔出了这么一个结论，却没有给出合理的理由。其次，作者在例子的运用上感觉没有很好的支持分论点。在这里，TS认为“early development and plan”决定了国家的命运吧？例子里完全没有看出与early development有什么关联。最多是说后期规划不好，没有向农业国家转变导致了国家灭亡。而且我觉得例子也不是非常翔实充分，国家灭亡完全归功于没有向农业国家转变，总觉得稍显牵强。或者可以再稍微详细一点。最后，我认为最后2句分析也值得商榷，这毕竟不是argument，你不是在驳斥题干，只要提自己的看法就可以了，刻意得套回children我觉得没有必要了，而且，虽然你这里提到说历史学家没有提及how children are socialized today determines the destiny of society.但那并不一定能说明就socialization就真的一点都不起作用了，本来自己对于决定country destiny的因素分析得好好的，突然要跑去反驳人家的观点，反驳得还很没有说服力，反倒是论述更没有条理了。

Furthermore,prediction about future condition in a few years remains hard to both normal people and social experts.Even if children now are well-socialized ,will the nation be well-organized in future?Even if children now are poor-slcialized,will the country be really less-developed?It still remains questioning to we human beings.The speaker's assertion that how children are socialized today might probably be an arbitrary decision.
如何论证自己的观点？这段范了大忌，作者只是简单地扔出观点，甚至，这个观点还是很不确定的意味。更不要谈去论证自己的观点了，没有分析，没有举例。非常没有说服力。

Yet I still concede that well-socialized students are helpful in future society.A presentation given by Chinese Ministry of Educaton in February this year,reveals that education costs 4 percent of GDP as well as over 15 percent of national financial income,which indicates the government focuses on education to make itself more powerful in the future.Needless to say,socialization, as a term(是想表达社会化是教育的一部分？用part吧？) of education,might include a series of procedures such as enriching expertise knowledge,(expertise就有专业技能知识的意思了，knowledge不需要了)improving ones' responsibility and loyalty for the country,and whole-heartedly devotion(既然前2个都用了ing形式，建议这里还是用devoting，句式也显得比较整齐) to one's position.Take a student majoring in material engineering and science for example,we can imagine that without firm belief in his nation he may work for the enemies during the wartime and even join in terrorism group.It is quite easy for us to imagine the incorrect use of material,which may cause the increase of war casualities.Thus we concede that highly-socialized student can serve as a positive factor for the whole society.
一个让步段，但是同样我认为在例子的适用把握上是有问题的。这里我先谈下例子本身，对于例子是否恰当，题干看法我们最后再讨论。这个例子我觉得作者编得有点想当然了，或者说绝对了。对于一个战争中的毕业学生，没有firm belief就那么容易转投敌人和恐怖分子那工作了？为什么不在自己的国家工作？除非是声名显赫的学者，不然一个刚毕业的学生会值得敌对国特地去挖角？这个例子我个人觉得相当没有说服力。另外，我不太明白作者该段开头列举我国教育支出的目的，说明教育很重要？然后呢？socialization作为教育的一部分所以也被看得很重？最后再提一点关于用词，needless to say，这个我觉得还是少用。Issue的目的就是尽可能的详细的阐述你的观点并且准确的的论证它，什么叫“无需多说”？感觉就是，你扔出去一个东西，读者要问“为什么？”你来一句“无需多说，自己领会”…可能作者在这里认为对于socialization的定义按照enriching,improving,donating来是很自然的事情，但是读者不一定是这么想的，那么什么叫做”
Needless to say”,何况请作者注意一下，在主句中你是这么写的” of education, might
include”,什么是might？表示对于这个定义作者自己也不确定咯？只是给出一种可能？那既然如此，为什么又needless to say？这些小细节同样也是会给人逻辑紊乱的感觉的，在AW里会是很不好的印象吧？

Nevetheless,it remains questioning(questionable) for an educator to make a socilization plan for the students.Teachers in elementary school,in middle school,in high school and even in colleges(不要那么多in了，太啰嗦了) always pay most their attention to the teaching method of a certain subject.Dr. Samuel Stone,an experienced reseacher in Global Reseach Center of Behaviors and Psychology,tells us that only 3.4 percent of elmentary school teachers have a clear view of socialized students(不太理解这里表达的意思) while 4.5 percent of college professors and only 3.1 percent of middle school students.Now edcational experts in New Jersey take action to encourage teachers and parents to make the students more socialized.Even though the result of this measure is hard to predict,the public maintain their confidence in this matter.
不明白这段有什么意义？说明什么？socialization现在进行得不多，但是人们对起很有信心？那和题干有什么关联嘛？不能表达作者全文的观点，完全没有意义的一段，甚至把文章的方向有点带偏了，不如删了。

In conclusion ,I strongly disagree with the speaker's assertion that the solization level of students affects the destiny of society.However,I still concede that well-educated students will be helpful in the future construction work.What's more ,it is quite hard and necessary for educators to build a system improving socialized students.
上面一段的分析我是在看结尾段之后写的，看得结尾我更迷惑了，我不是很理解作者你的观点到底是什么。看上去有独立的三段？
1.
不同意socialized children determined destiny of society
2.
承认well-educated student is helpful
3.
认为socializing student很难做？
读完全部段落加上作者的结尾给我的是这么一个感觉。
首先我想说的是，作者的文章感觉太散了，好像希望面面俱到，却显得完全没有重点。我想问，你在破题的时候抓的是什么作为关键字？我感觉好像作者希望对题干里每一个表达的意思都论述一番。但是我认为作者在本文里花大篇幅讨论的是对题干第一句的看法，既然如此，全文就应该去围绕那一部分，最多稍微带到后一句，而不应该花一整段又去论述后一句的内容。或者，索性就抓后一句，全文围绕，我们的教育究竟有没有让孩子了解怎么样对社会更好。现在前面讲点后面讲点，相互之间没有关联，显得文章非常散，不成一个体系。这是我觉得本文首先在结构上的问题。
然后，对于作者的观点，我也有点疑惑。对于第一句，作者花了一段“试图”反驳(接下来我再谈作者第二段的反驳问题)，然后花了一段做让步，承认socialized student很重要，相互之间没有轻重，没有详略，几乎是一样的2段，那么我想问作者到底是支持还是反对？从第一段的感觉来看，我相信作者更多的是对题干观点的反驳，那么，反驳就应该是详，让步就应该是弱，或者索性针对让步再进行一次反驳，反驳掉让步的内容，从而让反驳更有力度。现在作文文章结构安排中将让步放在反驳后面，而且让步以后没有进行再反驳，反倒让人觉得，作者的观点其实是在支持题干？可是，看语气，看用词，又不像是这样。于是，观点不清晰的问题就来了。
再之后就是关于第一段的反驳了。我是这么看的，作者想表达的是明确的对于原题干的反驳，甚至“指名道姓”地说不同意“speaker”，感觉都有点想argument了，把题干或者说表达题干意见的人放在对立面来试图批驳他。但是，从作者的第二段中我完全没有看书作者有什么首段来批驳。或者说第二段作者更想是使用“因素法”(XDF老师的讲法)。就是说，作者列举了一个影响destiny of society的可能原因。但是，逛逛列举early development and future plan这个原因并不能有效驳倒题干。这个因素可能决定社会未来并不代表socialization不能决定社会未来，这个问题不是非此即彼的判断题，它更想一个多选题，作者只做了一个选项，就想当然地将其它的归入错误的行列了？问题更大的是，例子仅仅也只能支持说future plan起的作用(这里例子就已经显得偏颇了)，并不能反驳socialization的作用，而作者还要牵强的就因为历史学家没有说socialization有用，就盖棺定论说它一定没用。好像就是生怕例子不够说服读者，所以特意来强调一下“这个是很有说服力的，可以驳倒题干的”，这样一来反倒让人越发觉得不能说服人了。其实既然这样，作者可以多思考一下，还有什么因素是可以决定社会命运的？这也同样是一个可以展开论述的角度
还有一个问题，就是我觉得socialize这个词的理解上，作者好像有些问题。我是这么理解的，socialize children其实就是让他们更好的了解社会，适应社会，所谓社会化。并不是笼统的说，教育。而是把他们和社会这个概念紧密的去联系起来。就好比，刚刚毕业的学生，掌握很多知识，但是对于现实工作是完全没有概念的，或者说对于社会是完全没有概念的。这个是我个人的看法，不一定很准，因为这个题目我感觉也头大，一家之言，作者可以参考下，如果对关键词理解有问题是直接影响行文的，没有把握的时候推荐还是英英字典查一下，应该会有帮助
最后最后一个小小的建议^_^，文章完成之后可以copy到word里面检查一下哦，本文拼写问题还是不少的，而且作者在标点之后都没有空格。这些可以很轻易在word里面查出来的～本来想全用红色带出来的，不过有些影响到分析了，还是算了，作者可以原文复制回去检查一下，小细节抓一下还是有意义的～～

发现自己洋洋洒洒写了好多，不是想批作者的不是，只是一些对文章的看法，没有办法保证都是准确的，只能作为一家之言仅供参考，希望有用，特别的结构，逻辑，建议作者能找更有经验的朋友或者这里的斑斑探讨探讨，我也是新手，不确定自己看得很准。一起加油啊～

tyarelUID: 2756223

我的，也是第一篇，谢谢lx拍的G友俄，可能会蛮辛苦＝_,＝

31"Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial."
花在研究上的资金基本上都是不错的投资，即使研究的结果是有争议的。


It is generally acknowledged nowadays that scientific research is playing and will play an important, or even critical, role in changing and improving our lives, which leads to a great number of companies’ sponsoring on research. However, whether these money spending on research is a good investment? The answer and the criteria may be quite diverse to different people.

Foremost, those sponsors may consider the questions, care the answers and evaluate the investment more than others and the target of their investment is the revenue. Whether the research results are controversial or not, the key point to these corporations is what the research results can bring. In short, the criterion is the profit. Hence, if the result of the research is not that profitable, the investment is a wrong decision even if the research is meaningful and significant in scientific fields. For instance, the famous founder of the Origin System (OS), a great game developer who released more than 1000 games and won wide recognition through its Ultima series, Richard Garriott known as the father of the Massively Multiplayer Online Game is a big fan of astronomy and absorbing in exploring space even after he operated OS. When the whole company members dedicate all their energies to the soon released Ultima 9, Garriott made the decision to sponsor the space project of Russia, which stunned everyone at that time. Admittedly, the research succeeded in the end and Garriott became the first individual to work on the space station, who is not work as an astronaut for the government. However, it is obviously that the investment is not so worthwhile to OS since it brought great damage to the development of Ultima 9 and the economic constraint placed on them was the major contributor to OS’s being purchased by EA Entertainment after Garriott’s investment on space research.

On the other side, compared with those bosses, scientists only concern whether they can fulfill the research. Since the majority of them dedicate themselves to their research, researchers place the work higher than anything else even though the result of it is controversial and the sponsorship helping buy equipments or experiment materials is actually critical to the progress. Taking the research done in my applied mechanic institute for example, the equipments, such as the vibrator platforms which can be purchased because of the sponsorship from many enterprises, are one of the most vital factors to the success of the research. Therefore, from these scientists’ point of view, every penny supporting the experiment and research is worthy especially when the work is bogged due to the lack of money. In short, the answer from scientists to the question is definitely yes.

Last but not least, the public is also the judge since almost all the research results are closely related to them. Understandably, the impacts of the research results, those controversial ones in particular, placing on their daily lives are what they refer to when they make the judgment. To those patients needing organ-transplantation, the cost on clone is undoubtedly a good investment as the technology may solve the problem of searching suitable organ while the others worrying about the moral and ethical problems may have the opposite opinion. Thus, clearly, if it does do good to them, people will applaud for the research result, otherwise the attitude will be the reverse.

In conclusion, just like the a thousand Hamlets in those a thousand people's eyes, whether money spent on research is almost always a good investment is not same to everyone.

wuqijiekathyUID: 2715735

占楼改19~
由于本人水平有限，有不当的地方请见谅。

It is generally acknowledged nowadays that scientific research is playing and will play an important, or even critical, role in changing and improving our lives, which leads to a great number of companies’ sponsoring
(貌似这个是adj.)
on research.(我觉得这个放到前面去比较好，因为research后面的太长了。)However, whether these （this）money spending on research is a good investment?
（这个应该不是疑问句。）The answer and the criteria（为什么answer不用复数而criterion要用复数？） may be quite diverse to different people.

Foremost, those sponsors may consider the questions, care (about)the answers and evaluate the investment more than others and the target of their investment is the revenue. (很抱歉，总感觉这句话很别扭，但是不知道怎么改比较好。)Whether the research results are controversial or not, the key point to these corporations is what the research results can bring. In short, the criterion is the profit. Hence, if the result of the research is not that profitable, the investment is (我个人觉得用will turn to be更好)a wrong decision even if the research is meaningful and significant in scientific fields. For instance, the famous founder of the Origin System (OS), a great game developer who released more than 1000 games and won wide recognition through its Ultima series, Richard Garriott known as the father of the Massively Multiplayer Online Game is a big fan of astronomy and absorbing（absorbed）
in exploring space even after he operated OS. When the whole company members dedicate (dedicated)all their energies to the soon released Ultima 9, Garriott made the decision to sponsor the space project of Russia, which stunned everyone at that time. Admittedly, the research succeeded in the end and Garriott became the first individual to work on the space station, who is not work(working) as an astronaut for the government. However, it is obviously that the investment is not so worthwhile to (for)OS since it brought great damage to the development of Ultima 9 and the economic constraint placed on them was the major contributor to OS’s being purchased by EA Entertainment after Garriott’s investment on space research.

On the other side, compared with those bosses, scientists only concern whether they can fulfill the research. Since the majority of them dedicate themselves to their research, researchers place the work higher than anything else even though the result of it is controversial and the sponsorship helping buy equipments or experiment materials is actually critical to the progress. Taking the research done in my applied mechanic institute for example, the equipments, such as the vibrator platforms which can be purchased because of the sponsorship from（of） many enterprises, are one of the most vital factors to the success of the research. Therefore, from these scientists’ point of view, every penny supporting the experiment and research is worthy especially when the work is bogged due to the lack of money. In short, the answer from scientists to the question is definitely yes.

Last but not least, the public is also the judge since almost all the research results are closely related to them. Understandably, the impacts of the research results, those controversial ones in particular, placing on their daily lives are what they refer to when they make the judgment. To those patients needing organ-transplantation, the cost on clone is undoubtedly a good investment as the technology may solve the problem of searching suitable organ (organs)while the others worrying about the moral and ethical problems may have the opposite opinion. Thus, clearly, if it does do good to them, people will applaud for the research result, otherwise the attitude will be the reverse.

In conclusion, just like the(that there are) a thousand Hamlets in those a thousand people's eyes, whether money spent on research is almost always a good investment is not (the)same to everyone.

wuqijiekathyUID: 2715735

第一篇习作，而且本人水平比较次。请求猛拍~
先谢谢下面修改的G友了。
50 "In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach."

The author propose all faculty spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach ,for the reason that it can improve the quality of instruction at college and university level.While it is true that instruction should integrate theory with practice,there is no need to ask all faculty to work outside.
  As teachers of college or university, many of them not only should impart theoretical knowledge,but also need to be engaged in scientific research.They may usually be too busy to take part in other projects,especially the professors in natural science.In my university,an extraordinary number of teachers keep working in laboratory day and night.When I was a freshman, someone told me that one of our teachers never go home before midnight.
  There is no doubt that the means to combine theory with practice is fairly important,such as the journalism,whose ideal is to inform the people.However some subjects like theorecial chemistry,mathematical physics,and some other basic courses.Take my major-chemistry for example,the latest information usually in laboratory.Due to the limitations of objective conditions,I think it will hardly change in the short term.
  What's more,even though some instructors participate in the programmes outside,no one can guaranteen that it will have positive effects on students.It might defeat its own purposes in fact.Firstly,it must take a good chunk of time ,which they might have thrown themselves into more cutting-edge work.Generally speaking ,it will distract teachers'attention ,and then affect the quality of instruction.Often I hear that part of computer teachers toy with curriculum for they want to make extral money outside.To make matter worse,some may give up teaching for gain.Secondly,the majority is to acquire more theoretical knowledge,and they may well take part in the practice extracurricularly if they want.Thus,the students concentrating on the theory study can spare time to gain what they want as well.
As a matter of fact,there is no need to waste time for pursueing a task outside the academic world.You should see that we are in the age of developed science and technology.We can definitely use the Internet to inform ourselves what's happening outside.The instructor can also send a message or attempt to reach the cooperation and consult what he/she need by email, phone, etc.If the professor is perceptive enough,he/she can catch up with the current developments in a short time,then make the analysis quickly and adjust his/her teaching programmes.Thus,he/she can be the most effective.
  To sum up,I prefer fixing teachers'attention on academic research and teaching stuff,which is their own duty.From my point of view,it's obviously true that theory should not be divorced from practice,but we just follow it in the most optimal way.Not only does it benefit school,but also the students.

maraschino1985UID: 2846549

占楼还债

现有的意见，LS用的词句不大标准。。
注意单复数、语句之间和段落之间的联系，好多逻辑关系我都没看懂。。。
例子只有生活中的，最好有一些evidence that universally acknowleged

50 "In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach."

The author propose（s) all faculty spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach ,for the reason that it can improve the quality of instruction at college and university level(这也太原话了。。）.While it is true that instruction should integrate theory with practice（这句学习）,（这里没连词表转折）there is no need to ask all faculty to work outside.
  As teachers of college or university, many of them not only should impart theoretical knowledge,but also need to be engaged in scientific research.They may usually be 总觉得这个说法好奇怪too busy to take part in other projects,especially the professors in natural science.In my university,an extraordinary number of teachers keep working in laboratory day and night学习.When I was a freshman, someone told me that one of our teachers never go home before midnight.在GRE里作文好像最好不要用日常生活的例子
  There is no doubt that the means to combine theory with practice is fairly important,好中式英语。。such as the journalism,whose ideal不准确，再说记者的理想是揭露真相 is to inform the people.However， some subjects like theorecial chemistry,mathematical physics,and some other basic courses.这句的谓语呢。。Take my major-chemistry- for example,the latest information usually谓语呢 in laboratory.Due to the limitations of objective conditions,I think it will hardly change in the short term.
  What's more,even though some instructors participate in the去掉 programmes outside,no one can guarantee that it will have positive effects on students我觉得太突兀了，最好是说对教学有好作用.It might defeat its own purposes in fact这句很突兀.Firstly,it must take a good chunk of time 新词,when they might have thrown(throw )themselves into more cutting-edge work新词.Generally speaking(In brief) ,it will distract teachers'attention ,and then affect the quality of instruction.Often I hear (AW中我觉得最好少出现i think i hear i witness)that part of computer teachers toy with curriculum(s) for they want to make extral money outside.To make matter worse新词,some may give up teaching for gain（换个词。。具体我也不知道你表达什么）.Secondly,the majority （majority这里指人，还是目的性？）is to acquire more theoretical knowledge,and they may well take part in the practice extracurricularly if they want.Thus,the students concentrating on the theory study can spare time to gain what they want as well.（我实在没看懂逻辑）
As a matter of fact,there is no need to waste time for pursueing a task outside the academic world.You should see that we are in the age of developed science and technology.We can definitely use the Internet to inform ourselves what's happening outside.The instructor can also send a message or attempt to reach the cooperation and consult what he/she need by email, phone, etc.If the professor is perceptive enough,he/she can catch up with the current developments in a short time,then make the analysis quickly and adjust his/her teaching programmes.Thus,he/she can be the most effective.
  To sum up,I prefer fixing teachers'attention on academic research and teaching stuff,which is their own duty.From my point of view,it's obviously true that theory should not be divorced from practice,but we just follow it in the most optimal way.Not only does it benefit school,but also the students.

楼下不用管我。。

奔跑的阿甘UID: 2635861

issue 94   the purpose of many advertisements is to make consumers want to buy a product so that they will be like the person in ad. this practice is effective because it not only sells products but also helps peope feel better about themselves.


The statement asserts that the objective of advertisements is to make consumers want to buy a commodity so that they will be like the person in the ad is effective since it not only sells products but also assists people to feel better about themselves. It has merit from a normative standpoint, and I agree insofar as advertisements have become indispensible parts of our life, indeed they provide us with a multitude of conveniences such as guiding us to buy the products we desire. However, the statement is indefensible because it overlooks the side effects that brought by bogus advertisements as well as social obligation that advertisements should take.
The speaker’s assertion that advertisements are able to promote the sell of products as well as to make people feel better is quite true. In today’s increasingly thriving business society, the sort of commodities, especially similar products offered by various brands are inundated in our life. It is a hard task for each individual to distinguish his or her desirable prodcuts from all commodities.Thus the demand and significance of advertisements are becoming more apparent. Advertisements play a pivotal role in guding comsumers in terms of shopping. They inform potential customers about the functions, effects, advantages and so forth about a product, thus consumers can make correct comparisons between divese alternatives so that they can make a adviserable decision. In the meantime more and more stores employ the advertisements that can make consumers feel better about themselves to attract the general populace’s attention, the effect of celebrity is applied in advertisements as well. It is proved that this strategy is useful since famous persons including actors, actresses, models and sport starts are those who stand for a admiring lifestyle, and provide people with comsumering patterns. They can not only enhance the image value of a product but also enhance its attention.
Beyond this concession, nevertheless, I disagree with the statement because sometimes producers brag the function and effect of commodities, and even fabricate beneficiaries who profit from their products in which people are most likely to waste their money. As a consequence, the primary principle and belief of advertisements is to commit to honesty so that consumers can make their decisions in an authentic business environment. Besides, advertisements should take social ethics and social effects into account along with profits. For instance, many advertisements about cigarette are designed really attractive in the past, it is most probably that adolescent’s first cigarette derives from viewing these advertisements.

The funcion of advertisements is to inform people about the authentic details of a product, therefore we can save time and money to seek out our desirable products from assorted commodities. If the advantages of a product are bragged and its disadvantages are hided, advertisements have become the means to cheat consumers. The end result would be that people might turn a blind eye toward advertisements from which they obtain wrong guidence. Besides, advertisements are well advised to take social obligation, they should not misguide our youngsters.

In sum, I concede the speaker’s assertion that the purpose of advertisements is to make people want to buy a commodity so that they will feel better with themselves is true to some extent. Under the guidence of advertisements, people can spend less time seeking out their desirable goods at low price. Novetheless, the speaker overlooks the negative effects of bogus advertisements as well as the social responsibility advertisements should take. In the finally analysis, advertisements must commit to honesty in terms of presenting a product, at the same time they should consider their social duty and influence.

追梦小木耳UID: 2781857

The statement asserts that the objective of advertisements is to make consumers want to buy a commodity so that they will be like the person in the ad
is This is effective since it not only sells products but also assists people to feel better about themselves.（这一句太长了点，中间考虑断句。那个is的主语是谁？） It has merit from a normative standpoint, and I agree insofar as advertisements have become indispensible parts of our life, indeed they provide us with a multitude of conveniences such as guiding us to buy the products we desire. However, the statement is indefensible because it overlooks the side effects that brought by bogus advertisements as well as social obligation that advertisements should take.


The speaker’s assertion that advertisements are able to promote the sell of products as well as to make people feel better is quite true. (可以对换位置。As well as强调的前面的内容)In today’s increasingly thriving business societyIn today’s society where business is increasingly thriving ,the sort of commodities, especially similar products offered by various brands are inundated in our life in which our lives are inundated . It is a hard task for each individual to distinguish his or her desirable products from all commodities. Thus the demand and significance of advertisements are becoming more apparent. Advertisements play a pivotal role in guiding comsumers consumers in terms of shopping. They inform potential customers aboutof the functions, effects, advantages and so forth about a product, thus consumers can make correct comparisons between divese
diverse alternatives so that they can make an adviserable proper decision. In the meantime more and more stores employ the advertisements that can make consumers feel better about themselves(定语从句)to can attract the general populace’s attention, the effect of celebrity is applied in advertisements as well. It is proved that this strategy is useful since famous persons including actors, actresses, models and sport starts are those who stand for a admiring lifestyle, and provide people with comsumering patterns.(什么意思？) They can not only enhance the image value of a product but also enhance its attention.


Beyond this concession, nevertheless, I disagree with the statement because sometimes producers brag the function and effect of commodities, and even fabricate beneficiaries who profit from their products inon which people are most likely to waste their money. As a consequence, the primary principle and belief of advertisements which is to commit to honesty so that consumers can make their decisions in an authentic business environment are totally ruined.(这句话逻辑不对，商家捏造信息的结果应该是破坏了广告的初衷吧)Besides, advertisements should take social ethics and social effects into account along with profits. For instance, many advertisements about cigarette are designed really attractive in the past; it is most probably that adolescent’s first cigarette derives from viewing these advertisements. (第二个理由广告有社会义务，论述的不充分，吸烟这个理由感觉有点勉强。因为香烟不做广告就无法宣传自己，做广告又误导青少年~很纠结的逻辑。不如说广告有引导消费者购买环保产品、保护环境的义务，但有些广告在宣扬不环保的生产材料和生活方式等等。你觉得呢？)

The funcion of advertisements is to inform people aboutof the authentic details of a product, therefore we can save time and money to seek out our desirable products from assorted commodities. If the advantages of a product are bragged and its disadvantages are hided, advertisements have become the means to cheat consumers. The end result would be that people might turn a blind eye toward advertisements from which they obtain wrong guidence guidance. Besides, advertisements are well advised to take social obligation, they should not misguide our youngsters. （这一段语义和上一段重复。既然总结了上一段是不是可以考虑一下合并？）

In sum, I concede the speaker’s assertion that the purpose of advertisements is to make people want to buy a commodity so that they will feel better with themselves is true to some extent. Under the guidenceguidance of advertisements, people can spend less time seeking out their desirable goods at low price. Novetheless,nevertheless the speaker overlooks the negative effects of bogus advertisements as well as the social responsibility advertisements should take. In the finally analysis, advertisements must commit to honesty in terms of presenting a product, at the same time they should consider their social duty and influence.(最后一段总结的很好)

请注意一下拼写.
结构完整。但是例子找的不充分。尤其是论述商家做虚假广告这一点可以再详细展开

我的思路是
（1）
承认广告这样做有提高销售量、扩大知名度等作用
（2）
但是忽略了消费者的利益。因为广告所倡导的消费方式、生活方式不一定是合理的、正确的生活方式。比如有些高脂肪的食物是很诱人的，但是会导致发胖。
（3）
广告也不利于消费者选择产品，因为夸大了优点、忽视了缺点

追梦小木耳UID: 2781857

17"There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws."


Word 530

Laws are set to regulate every individual’s behavior and activity in order to guarantee the order of society. Regardless whether they are viewed to be just or not, they should be obeyed by all the citizens.

As views of justice vary from person to person, it is quite difficult to define the type of a law. A just law in one’s eyes, which seems to maintain the benefit of all citizens, could be unfair to other groups of people. Even the most beneficial ones could suffer rebukes of lacking equity. We may cite a single example of the laws that limit the pollution produced by industrial companies, which must be regarded just by most individuals, since they aim to protect the environment. However, the consumers would hold the opposite opinion because they have to pay more for the products, owing to the fees that are used to reduce the pollution are added to the costs. The producers would also object to the rules since the higher prices could reduce the amount of customers.

In addition, if every one was deciding whether or not to follow the laws according to his judgment, there would be a soaring rate of crime, and the society therefore would be running limitlessly. For instance, the rich people may think it unjust for them to pay high taxes, while the poor, who are unemployed or homeless, can enjoy the free accommodation provided by the government. If they disregard and resist the tax laws, where will the government’s money come from? There are tremendous possibilities that the poor have to make a living by stealing, robbing and even killing, and these crimes are believed to be just and reasonable by the poor. Therefore, our society would hardly maintain peace if people are encouraged to violate laws of which they think lacking equity.

Even though one insists that one law is unjust and must be modified, it is not wise for him to resist the law by disobeying it. In modern society, every behavior against laws will bring about punishment and the judge would certainly not evaluate the criminal’s prospective of the law while sentencing upon him. Besides, every individual’s crime can not appeal to attention in society. On the contrary, the more crimes are committed, the severer the punishments will be. For these reasons, other sensible tactics should be adopted to fight against the injustice of laws. Such tactics may include demonstrating or writing articles to call for public attention. Our society is filled with such examples as the government of Belgium modified the law after seeing the movie Rosetta, in which a 18-year-old girl was struggling hard to support her poor family, in order to protect the rights of teenagers.

To conclude, there exists no sense to emphasis that the citizens should resist and disregard laws that they consider to be unjust, not only due to the vague definition of just or unjust laws, but also for the weak function of single individuals. The premature resistance and violence would consequently lead to the disorder of society and therefore, sever punishments. In order to improve the justice of laws, other legitimate and rational measures should be considered.
谢谢楼下了

figuechenUID: 2850619

25楼作文修改：

先概括一下作者的思路吧，就是直接反对原论点，认为个人应该遵从所有法律。分论点分别是：1.法律很难区别“公正”与否。2.随意违背法律会对社会造成危害。3.有其它比违背法律更合理的解决方法。论据分别有：环境类法律；穷富人对法律的看待；比利时政府因某电影而修改法律。

我很赞同作者提到的“法律很难区别公正与否”。在我的提纲里，我也有这个分论点。但是，我认为作者在对待题目中后半个论点的思路有些狭隘，直接地反对了原论点，缺少辩证性，所以导致了文章论据的缺乏和长度的不足。

详细地来说吧。我看到这个题目以后，首先映入脑海的就是The Civil Rights Movement以及Gandhi的Non-Cooperation Movement。这两个是很典型的不遵从和反抗不公正法律的例子。考虑到The Civil Rights Movement对于美国社会的巨大影响，我想，作者是不是应该在列提纲的时候，将其纳入考量范围呢？诚然，法律就是用来遵守的。但是法律体现的是立法者的意志，当非立法者的意志无法得到伸张的时候，反抗或许也是唯一的手段。

这个题目不是太好辩证，但我认为适当的辩证有利于观点的完整性。即使作者不改观点，我认为也可以加入对The Civil Rights Movement的弊端的阐述和分析。这种让步能让观点更有内涵，也更加完整。

再分享一下我列的提纲吧，也欢迎作者探讨~
我的观点是：不遵从和反抗不公正的法律，应该被允许，但在现代民主国家不应该被鼓励和提倡。
分论点：1.为何可允许？
法律体现的是立法者的意志，很难区分“公正”与否。
非立法者（特别是没有选举权的时候）有权表达他们的意志。

2.为何不应被鼓励和提倡？
                   通过违背法律来修正法律，本身就违反了现代民主国家的立法程序。
                   这种不遵从和反抗会带来经济的损失，社会的动乱，甚至内战。
论据：还没有仔细地去查。不过大致有：The Civil Rights Movement；Gandhi and his Non-Cooperation Movement；The Civil War等

以下是全文细节的一些修改和意见等


17"There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws."


Word 530

Laws are set to regulate every individual’s behavior and activity in order to guarantee the order of society. Regardless whether they are viewed to be just or not, they should be obeyed by all the citizens.

As views of justice vary from person to person, it is quite difficult to define the type of a law. A just law in one’s eyes, which seems to maintain the benefit of all citizens, could be unfair to other groups of people. Even the most beneficial ones could suffer rebukes of lacking equity. We may cite a single example of the laws that limit the pollution produced by industrial companies, which must be regarded just by most individuals, since they aim to protect the environment. However, the consumers would hold the opposite opinion because they have to pay more for the products, owing to the fees that are used to reduce the pollution are added to the costs. The producers would also object to the rules since the higher prices could reduce the amount of customers.

In addition, if every one was deciding whether or not to follow the laws according to his judgment, there would be a soaring rate of crime, and the society therefore would be running limitlessly. For instance, the rich people may think it unjust for them to pay high taxes, while the poor, who are unemployed or homeless, can enjoy the free accommodation provided by the government. （这里我认为对比不够，导致第一眼不太好理解。我觉得可以改成富人需要交很多税while穷人不需要交税）If they disregard and resist the tax laws, where will the government’s money come from? There are tremendous possibilities that the poor have to make a living by stealing, robbing and even killing, and these crimes are believed to be just and reasonable by the poor. Therefore, our society would hardly maintain peace if people are encouraged to violate laws of which they think lacking equity.

Even though one insists that one law is unjust and must be modified, it is not wise for him to resist the law by disobeying it. In modern society, every behavior against laws will bring about punishment and the judge would certainly not evaluate the criminal’s prospective of the law while sentencing upon him. Besides, every individual’s crime can not appeal to attention in society. On the contrary, the more crimes are committed, the severer the punishments will be. For these reasons, other sensible tactics should be adopted to fight against the injustice of laws. Such tactics may include demonstrating or writing articles to call for public attention. Our society is filled with such examples as the government of Belgium modified the law （这个论据还是加入年代什么的比较好吧~完整一些~）after seeing the movie Rosetta, in which a （应该是an，小小的语法错误）18-year-old girl was struggling hard to support her poor family, in order to protect the rights of teenagers.

To conclude, there exists no sense to emphasis （应该是emphasize）that the citizens should resist and disregard laws that they consider to be unjust, not only due to the vague definition of just or unjust laws, but also for the weak function of single individuals. The premature resistance and violence would consequently lead to the disorder of society and therefore, sever punishments. In order to improve the justice of laws, other legitimate and rational measures should be considered.


  作者的语言还是相当丰富的，非常不错~但是感觉论据里的实例和名言太少，大多只是自己的reasoning，这不太有说服力。其实作者的观点还是有很多可以找到的例证的。另外可以再找一些名言来辅佐，这样看上去更漂亮~总的来说还是不错哒~学习了~

figuechenUID: 2850619

Issue45——"Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carrying out the will of the people whom they serve."

   Should government officials rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carrying out the will of the people whom they serve? I agree insofar with the assertion that government officials ought not to carry out whatever will their taxpayers order. At the same time, however, I cannot accept the claim that government officials should rely completely on their own judgment instead of reasonable will of the people.
    One reason why I believe the government officials should not obey all the will of the people is that it is not feasible. It is common sense that each hierarchic class has its own interest, leading to varieties of wills which might be contradictory on the same topic, and therefore it is impossible that the government officials choose not to stand on a certain side. Before the U.S. Civil War began, the factory owners in the north were badly in want of freed slaves as workers while the landowners in the south had the intention of keeping the slaves to accomplish farm works. The two opposite wills cannot be carried out by the government officials obviously, resulting in the Civil War. John Locke, the English philosopher, assumed in his work that “people establish a civil society for resolving conflicts in a civil way with the help from the government”, while another English philosopher Thomas Hobbes pointed out in his work Leviathan that “There should be a strong government to avoid discord and civil war”.
    In addition, even assuming that the will of different kinds of people is harmony, we can still find out that the will of the people might be in conflict with the outlook of the government. A government takes charge in the military and social security aspects, whose work may not be easily accepted and understood by most people. Take the Afghanistan War and the Iraq War for an example; the political leaders are quite satisfied that political strategy to control the mid-east was carried into execution while the people care more about the casualty and the costs. As Clausewitz explained in On War “War is a continuation of a political commerce and merely a real political instrument”. In the game of politics, the majority of people might seem a little short-sighted compared with the long-term plan of the government officials.
    However, it does not mean that the government officials can sit in their offices and make whatever decisions they like. One of the reasons is that decisions made by officials without surveying or concerning the demands of people are usually unsound. Louis XVI, the French King, ignored the public concerns about reducing the legal rights of a King and rejected to accept the idea that all men are equal, which was declared as the cloture of the French Estates-General, directly causing the occurrence of the French Revolution. We cannot deny that it is obeying the will of some people that survives the Kingdom of England and it is the ignorance of the will of people that Louis XVI was executed and sentenced to death.
    Another reason why the will of people should be the reference to the decisions made by officials is that being accustomed to adopting policies with fully their own will would probably induce bureaucracy and autocracy. Hitler grabbed the power to do whatever he wants, and gambled the safety and prospers of Germany in a worldwide war. His deeds brought disaster to millions of innocent people, which forced people to meditate how to avoid autocracy. Perhaps   concerning the will of people when making decisions is an effective way for the officials. According to the French philosopher Rousseau, people form a government to protect them at the cost of some freedom, which means that people have the rights to confine what the government is doing and therefore can avoid bureaucracy and autocracy.
    In sum, it is true that the government officials should be given the freedom to have their judgment, which may disobey the will of some people, however it is also concerned that the officials should rely on the will of people instead of completely their own judgment. The government may have some privilege, which must be under the supervision of both Congress and the people.

verydarkUID: 2765585

Issue45——"Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carrying out the will of the people whom they serve."

   Should government officials rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carrying out the will of the people whom they serve? I agree insofar with the assertion that government officials ought not to carry out whatever will此处will作名词，似乎可省去 their taxpayers order. At the same time, however, I cannot accept the claim that government officials should rely completely on their own judgment instead of reasonable will of the people.反问句开头，重抄题目，似乎缺乏新意，个人认为不当，另外整个开头看是看懂了，感觉意思表达有点僵硬。
    One reason why I believe the government officials should not obey all the willwill是可数名词吧应为wills of the people is that it is not feasible. It is a common sense that each hierarchic class has its own interest, leading to varieties of wills which might be contradictory on the same topic, and therefore it is impossible that the government officials choose not to stand on a certain side. Before the U.S. Civil War began, the factory owners in the north were badly in want of freed slaves as workers while the landowners in the south had the intention of keeping the slaves to accomplish 用do即可，用accomplish显得很奇怪 farm works. The two opposite wills cannot be carried out by the government officials obviously, resulting in the Civil War. 我感觉该例子似乎有些不当，建议再斟酌一番，背景资料可以看看http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E ... 7%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89 John Locke, the English philosopher, assumed in his work that “people establish a civil society for resolving conflicts in a civil way with the help from the government”, while another English philosopher Thomas Hobbes pointed out in his work Leviathan that “There should be a strong government to avoid discord and civil war”.两句话没有明显的对立关系，为什么用while?个人认为本段一个例子足以，这2句名言倒显得有点画蛇添足了
    In addition, even assuming that the will of different kinds of people is harmony, we can still find out that the will of the people might be in conflict with the outlook of the government. A government takes charge in the military and social security aspects 可省, whose work may not be easily accepted and understood by most people. Take the Afghanistan War and the Iraq War for an example; the political leaders are quite satisfied that political strategy to control the mid-east was carried into execution while the people care more about the casualty and the costs. 以上是你的观点还是真实范例？我觉得美国佬未必这么想。As Clausewitz Who is Clausewitz? explained in On War “War is a continuation of a political commerce and merely a real political instrument”. In the game of politics, the majority of people might seem a little short-sighted compared with the long-term plan of the government officials.前言不搭后语，你这个结尾没有照顾到该段的主题句，倒像是另起一段的新主题句。
    However, it does not mean that the government officials can sit in their offices and make whatever decisions they like. One of the reasons is that decisions made by officials without surveying or concerning the demands of people are usually unsound. Louis XVI, the French King, ignored the public concerns about reducing the legal rights of a King and rejected to accept the idea that all men are equal, which was declared as the cloture of the French Estates-General, directly causing the occurrence of the French Revolution.长句子语法混乱 We cannot deny that it is obeying the will of some people that survives the Kingdom of England and it is the ignorance of the will of people that Louis XVI was executed and sentenced to death.
    Another reason why the will of people should be the reference to the decisions made by officials is that being accustomed to adopting policies with fully fully是副词their own will would probably induce bureaucracy and autocracy. Hitler grabbed the power to do whatever he wants, and gambled the safety and prospers of Germany in a worldwide war. His deeds brought disaster to millions of innocent people, which forced 换为cause later people to meditate how to avoid autocracy. Perhaps concerning the will of people when making decisions is an effective way for the officials. According to the French philosopher Rousseau, people form a government to protect them at the cost of some freedom, which means that people have the rights to confine what the government is doing and therefore can avoid bureaucracy and autocracy.名人名言用得太多了，读到后面没劲，不如自己说理或用比喻的手法
In sum, it is true that the government officials should be given the freedom to have their judgment, which may disobey the will of some people, however it is also concerned that the officials should rely on the will of people instead of completely their own judgment. 这个长句子又非常混乱，建议分成2个句子，把你想表达的意思表达清楚The government may have some privilege, which must be under the supervision of both Congress and the people.
会用例子，足见作者知识面广，一些词组用的也很不错，语法比较扎实，让我很佩服O(∩_∩)O~然而例子的使用要精，目的在于强化自己的论点，而不是为举例而举例，不要把例子当作凑字数的道具。段与段之间的逻辑关系不是很清楚，甚至一段之内就有逻辑关系不清的现象，建议每个段中所有内容都为该段主题句服务，不要另起炉灶，段间的承接要连贯，使人感觉各段的主题句是连贯的，都在为首段的中心服务，这样才能让读者不疑惑你的思想。另外用词简单自然即可，做作的用一些大词单词反而适得其反，文章会味同嚼蜡。只有读起来顺畅的文章才能吸引人，哪怕没有名人名言，没有历史故事。

verydarkUID: 2765585

157"There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observation is subjective; it is always guided by the observer's expectations or desires."
限时，写得极烂，请狠拍

Recent year has witnessed a heated discuss about the objectiveness of observation in researching. I will contend that almost all observations are guided by the observer's expectations or desires, because any observations are based on the subjective intent of observers.

Observation will be affected by subjective understanding of the object. It depends on the culture, the knowledge formation, even the mood of the observer. For example, when a sociologist is observing society for a given problem, he would probably tend to think from social factors. However, a economist who is observing for the same problem may possibly tend to take more financial or economical factors into consideration. That is to say, even looking into same issue, different people may begin different observations, getting distinct results.

The subjective view is not always has bad effect on the result. Help deeply understand the object. Like towards art, literature, advertisement. It’s the human way to keep one's attitude on things. Look at those figures in art and music, like Picasso, Monet, and Beethoven, all of them achieved their success by a subjective view in their given field, and express this individual view by creative works. In fact, subjective view contributes to development in many fields such as art, music, philosophy, literature, humanities, and so on. Without this subjectivity we cannot enjoy all sorts of eminent novels, paintings, and music.


In science study, the observation should be objective although the hypothesis can be subjective but if the outcome turns out to be different from what one conceives, the scientist should objectively obey the truth he gets. In science world, almost every conclusion scientists reach should be lay on the foundation of truth, and the truth must come from clear observation and statistics. Although Einstein’s theory of relativity was first raised from imagination of him, its correctness was finally proved by numerous experiences on apparatus and accurate observation.


However, we should try to prevent the observation being guided by expectations. it may change the original sense thing presents. Though it seems impossible to eradicate subjective tendency in observations, people are trying many possible methods to eliminate deviation that may caused by people's subjective desires. For instance, people use more accurate and advanced instruments in science research, in order to avoid any error in observing, this turns to reduce the influence added by observer's subjectivity.

To sum up, any observations will be absolutely influenced by subjective inclination of people. These influences can bring either positive or negative impact, depending on the nature and quality, of what field researcher is in. In some fields that minimized factors of subjectivity are required, people should try hard to exhibit any desires and expectations before their observations.

奔跑的阿甘UID: 2635861

issue 136         The absence of choice is a circumstance that is very,very rare.

The speaker asserts that we live in an environment which is inundated with choice. I strongly agree with this assertion, as the absence of choice is a circumstance that is really rare.


We live in a society which requires us to make a decision all the time. In fact, determining amounts to choosing to some extent. when we need to decide, we actually choose an option from certain alternatives. even though there is only one option, we actually experience the process of choosing due to the hiden alternative ------- quit. we make numerous decisions each day. for example, when we wake in the morning, we commence deciding. we choose what time to get up, what we should wear today, what kind of food for breakfast, by which means of transportation to go to shool, even the lectures. in short, the phenomenon of lacking of choice is a situation that is very rare.

however, every choice we carry out is performed within some confines. one reason for this is that inadequate resoures inherently call for restrictions, choices, and priorities. for instance, when we alloctae finite public resoures to research, we are well advised to be prudent, since these resources could be applied to address social immediate pressing problems which do not require research. we can help those children who drop out owing to proverty to finish their study as well as afford homeless shelter, and so forth. as a consequence, when we make the finally decision, we should give the priority to the research whose objective is clear, whose potential benefits are possible. Another reason why we should determine under some restrictions has to do with the range of choice. one apt illustration of this point involves the time for class, which is regulated by school. if we start class at 8' o clock in the morning, we have to arrive at shool before 8, therefore, the alternatives for choosing are diminished.

Finally, in some circumstance we have no options to choose, even the alternative of quit is absence. some individuals might resent our society and often ask themselves why should they come to this world, obviously, which they cannot determine. our parents make decisions about the time when we were born as well as the place. in addition, we cannot choose our family, our parents, our relatives.

In sum, I concede the absence of choice is pretty rare, we constantly make choice and dicision. yet, very choice we make is nearly attained by some restrictions, we cannot choose without confines. however, we cannot defy the fact in some circumstance we fail to make choice by ourselves.

奔跑的阿甘UID: 2635861

TOPIC: ISSUE25 - "Anyone can make things bigger and more complex. What requires real effort and courage is to move in the opposite direction-in other words, to make things as simple as possible."









The speaker asserts that it is a simple thing to render things bigger and more complicated, which can be achieved by each individual .To the contrary, making things as simple as possible calls for real effort and courage. I strongly agree with this statement as to make things simple requires us to have comprehensive understanding of it and then command the core.

The speaker's assertion that anyone can make things bigger and more complex is quite ture. sometimes we can achieve that merely by simple repeat. complicated things are composed of numerous simple things, during which some play a pivotal role while others just serve to add to complicity. The more the irrelevant things, the more complex the things will be. Consider, for example, in the event that we have three English classes today, therefore we need to take English book to school, yet if we take books of all disciplines only has things become bigger and more complex. Another example is that complex thing is similar to solving a mathematic justification we can utilize widely acknowledged laws to prove it, however, many others might also exert their utmost efforts to prove the laws. Indisputably, they have made an initially simple thing become increasingly complicated. In short, it is a rather simple thing to make things become more complex just by adding irrelevant things.
We cannot deny the fact making things as simple as possible requires us to dedicate great effort and courage. We attempt to transform complex thing into simple one should be based on the fact that we have comprehensive understanding toward it as well as command the core of it. Then we can obliterate useless things or programs and carry out the crucial one. Actually, the foundation of any new theory has experienced the process from complexity to simplicity. Consider, for example, the creation of Genetics. Mendel who is hailed as the father of genetics spent eight years observing the inherent characteristic of pea plants, and documented the phenomenon according to what he had observed. Finally he generalized all these complicated characteristics and delete worthless ones to formulate the new theory ------- genetics. Another example involves the research of perpetual motion machine which was initially designed to provide energy without input, scientists had devoted great efforts and invaluable resources to this research, however, at the end as it turns out this machine violated the law of energy conservation. If researchers had turn to the conservation law at the beginning, the end result would be that scientists could economize considerable resources and time.

In sum, I concede that making a thing bigger and more complex is rather simple which can be attained by anyone. Yet, to transform complicated things into simple ones necessarily costs great effort and courage due to the fact that we have to command the core of it.