【段落写作练习】issue 73 faculty should be required to work outside

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73) Colleges and universities should require all faculty to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.
Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.

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开头段写作练习 #issue-intro-paragraph-exercises
第一句：指出为了提高教学质量，有人提出题目中的建议
第二句：提出在社会科学研究领域，教授可通过工作收集数据、验证理论；在法学、医学、商学等实务领域，教授可通过工作了解雇主需求更有效教学、建立人脉邀请guest speaker；而在纯理论学科如哲学和数学，教授未必能找到合适的职位，同时也会占用本可以用来做理论研究和准备相关课件、和学生讨论的时间、经历 #concept-opportunity-cost


依提纲写中间段练习   #issue-middle-paragraph-exercises  
Requiring faculty members in social sciences can provide the professors the opportunities to collect empirical data from the fields and verify their theories based on their experiences, which would ultimately help them teach more effectively.  
- consider a sociologist interested in relationship between doctors and patients (or any other examples in social science)
- how working in the hospital can help the professors to collect more data
- try to explain the observation using existing theories
- can talk about all these in the classroom to enrich the discussion; engage the students

请回帖写以上两段或其中一段  
本练习的主要目的是练习句子的写作
请在自己的练习后加上#issue-middle-paragraph-writing 或 #issue-intro-paragraph-writing
同时请阅读上一楼同学的练习并指出明显的语法错误或不清晰的表达

maoerdwnUID: 3551290

In order to improve teachers' level of teaching in colleges and universities, someone claims that they should be required to spend time working outside the academic world to do jobs relevant to the courses they teach. I think whether this recommendation is helpful or not depends on what disciplines we are talking about and the relation between these courses and the reality. For disciplines that are combined closely with usage in reality, this policy will be helpful, while for some theoretical courses, both science and arts, this suggestion may not have desirable consequences.


(TS1)There is no doubt that for some disciplines closely related with the reality, like business management and medical science, this policy will be very helpful to improve teachers' teaching standard.一些与实际紧密联系的学科：经管、工科、医科、法学，去与课程相关的职业工作对于教师的教学水平是有提升作用的。比如教授经济管理专业的老师去企业里做HR,有助于他将理论知识与实际情况结合起来，对课本内容做更灵活的理解，这样授课也会更贴近实际，并能教授学生怎样运用管理知识到实例中。教临床医学clinical medicine的老师有当实习医生的经历，他们对疾病的理解和应对策略也会有比课本中更生动、更实际的认识，这有助于他们在教学中将理论和实际应用更紧密地结合起来教授学生。

(TS2)While for some theoretical courses in science, it may have disparate conditions in academic fields and the practical application.  老师教授的知识可能是学术界的基础，但与这些学科在实际中的运用十分不同。比如老师教授的科目是信息理论，它研究的是信息传输过程在理想情况下能够达到的性能极限，而现实情况总是非理想的，永远达不到信息理论中研究的性能。所以老师不能把理论运用到工作中，对老师这门课的教学水平提高不大，反而耽误了老师的时间，这个时间用来与教授同类型课的老师交流教学经验、调查学生对老师的教学建议等能比该政策起到更好的效果。

(TS3)Besides, for theoretical courses in arts, it may be very difficult to find a proper profession fits those teachers.文科的理论：这些学科的价值完全在于理论，学术界之外没有这样的职位可供给该项政策。比如哲学，学习哲学的人基本都在学术界工作，学术界之外没有关于哲学的职位。所以这项政策对于这些学科是不可行的。对于这些教师，研读他人的著作、对哲学问题进行深入思考，多解答学生的疑问能更好的起到提高教学水平的效果。

我的疑问：为了展开论述，进行了举其他可能起到同类效果的政策，不知这样写可不可以？

tesolchinaUID: 2191404

开头段写作练习 #issue-intro-paragraph-exercises
第一句：指出为了提高教学质量，有人提出题目中的建议
第二句：提出在社会科学研究领域，教授可通过工作收集数据、验证理论；在法学、医学、商学等实务领域，教授可通过工作了解雇主需求更有效教学、建立人脉邀请guest speaker；而在纯理论学科如哲学和数学，教授未必能找到合适的职位，同时也会占用本可以用来做理论研究和准备相关课件、和学生讨论的时间、经历 #concept-opportunity-cost

已涂白，请练习后参考
In order to enhance the quality of higher education, it is proposed that universities should require all faculty members to take jobs outside academy related to the courses they teach. I agree that this policy would help faculty members in social sciences such as sociology and professional fields such as law to improve their teaching. Nevertheless, the requirement would be counterproductive for professors focusing on theoretical researches in subjects such as mathematics and philosophy.  


依提纲写中间段练习   #issue-middle-paragraph-exercises  
Requiring faculty members in social sciences can provide the professors the opportunities to collect empirical data from the fields and verify their theories based on their experiences, which would ultimately help them teach more effectively.  
- consider a sociologist interested in relationship between doctors and patients (or any other examples in social science)
- how working in the hospital can help the professors to collect more data
- try to explain the observation using existing theories
- can talk about all these in the classroom to enrich the discussion; engage the students

答案已涂白，请写完后参考
Requiring faculty members in social sciences can provide the professors the opportunities to collect empirical data from the fields and verify their theories based on their experiences, which would ultimately help them teach more effectively.  Consider an educational psychlogist who is interested in how praises of positive behaviors could affect the learning performance of elementary school students. If the researcher spends a semester teaching in an elementary school, he would have access to the research site where first-hand data can be collected. In addition to the field notes he can write and interviews he can conduct with teachers and students, the researcher can also try to explain what he observe in the site with the theories he is developing. The off-campus work experience can also help him to verify his theories. After working in the elementary school, he can then discuss his work with his students in relevant courses which would be much more interesting than a course that only covers textbook materials.  

chrishong119UID: 3412641

    TS
    The speaker claims that colleges and universities should require all faculty to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach. Well, this would bring benefits to faculty in fields such as social science, but would do no help or even significantly cripple the academic performances to faculty in natural science and logistics.

    ts1
    It is true that a wide involvement would help sociology to get a full picture of the society and then effectively do the research and study. 社会学研究的对象比较广，涉及各个领域，所以很需要社会学家熟知别的领域的工作机情况，比如说计算机，商业，艺术甚至是体力活；有时候，社会学家得跟得上当代文化的潮流，那么，广泛的知识及参与就显得非常需要，这样子，才能在调研时很好的与对象交流，且更专业的做相关的研究。

    ts2
    With respect to faculty in medicine, it would be a waste of time to spend time working in other fields even though such a undertaking significantly works for sociologist. 医学是独立的学科，相关工作者没有必要参与其他学科的工作。而且，医学有很多门学科有很多知识，这些知识跟新很快，太忙了，会影响学术的研究。

    ts3
    Finally, for faculty in logistics which has little relationship with academic research, there is simply no need for them to working in some other fields to improve work efficiency. 比如财务、计算机、食堂的，做好他们的工作就行，根本没有必要参与别的领域的工作，那知识浪费时间和金钱。

maoerdwnUID: 3551290

与老师讨论的结果汇报：
关于我的疑问：为了展开论述，进行了举其他可能起到同类效果的政策，不知这样写可不可以？

Simon说：最好不要列举其他解决方案，如果要举，则要与原文解决方案结合非常紧，只有一点改变，比如老师在Governments should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development. 这一题中的思路：

I believe that governments should never restrict research activities of any scientists in any fields in order to respect the academic freedom and encourage creative activities of mankind. Nevertheless, the scientific communities should establish a set of ethical codes to restrict research activities that would clearly harm the well-beings of mankind.  

虽然老师的alternative policy与原来的论题联系十分紧密，但老师强调这种思路要谨慎使用，有偏题的风险。尤其是在把alternative policy作为主题的一部分，老师也不是十分有把握这样不算偏题。

总结：展开论述过程中不同于argument，列举他因要谨慎，如果要写则注意紧扣主旨。

老师对提纲的意见：第二段和第三段中的文科理科理论学科讨论的其实是同一件事，建议把两段合成一段，而把政策有好处的部分写成两段。并且注意一定要强调政策带来的后果。

讨论后的提纲：

(ts1)There is no doubt that for some disciplines closely related with the reality, like business management and the science of law, this policy will be very helpful to improve teachers' teaching standard.老师在工作中的经历融入课堂中，让学生更了解企业或Industry的情况。根据企业需要的技能，对课程进行调整，有针对性培训学生，后果：提高学生的学习兴趣，并使学生将来更好地适应工作。

(ts2)Besides making teachers available to combine the working experience with their teaching, this policy can also benefit the teaching standard by helping with faculty’s researches. 有些学科在工作的时候能观察，搜集到一些数据，验证现有的理论，即田野调查（filed work），有助于科研。如环境科学和语言学，比如去气象站工作验证自己研究的大气理论，比如Simon老师没有在寄托上开辅导小组，而是去当了新东方的老师。（乱假设啦，求原谅:lol）
结果：教学质量上升，对科研有帮助，对课程也有帮助，因为科研为教学提供理论基础。
   
(ts3)For some theoretical courses in science, this policy may not have desirable effects.分论点1：一些纯理论学科在实际工作中用不上，所以没有这样的职位，比如哲学。后果：因为找不到合适的市场中的位置，老师可能会frustrated。分论点2：成本问题，老师的经历是有限的。理论学科即使找到职位也与自己教授的课程关系不紧，更偏重于应用。比如数学和物理，还有我一直想扯进来的信息论。。后果：老师从事这些职业，失去了本来用于做科研、研究教学的时间，反而不利于提高教学水平。

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Instant writing:

From a well-intentions consideration of improving teaching quality, some suggest that all staff in colleges and universities should be required to work rather than only to teach on fields on what they have mainly focusing on as teaching programs. Whether these sparing time jobs should be recommend depends on the which field we are talking about. For social scientific study, professors may gain much data to substantiate their studies through working progress. And professors majoring in laws,  medicines and businesses might also understand deeper needs of employers related to the field, leading them to guide students more efficiently as well as building social network, say inviting guest speaker for a tour lecture, for them to approach the realistic world. But those who work in theoretical fields like mathematic or philosophy will face with plight of lacking vacancy since positions in these fields are far less than others. They may also feel compelling to concentrate on teaching and mentoring because of distracted by employing assignments.

Requiring faculty members in social sciences can provide the professors the opportunities to collect empirical data from the fields and verify their theories based on their experiences, which would ultimately help them to teach more effectively. For example, if a sociologist is interested in relationship between doctors and patients and follow a group of long term treatment, after years of record and study he/she may finally conclude what is the best way for doctors to deal with their patients.Thus may in return help the sociologist developing his theory  in academic world. Or considering how much benefits a medical professor will get if he work in a hospital receiving actual data instead of empirical ones. Also with the experience from work, professors now are capable to use their own examples to alive their classes—by asking students to discuss approachable data and instances, the class surly engage its students.

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73) Colleges and universities should require all faculties to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.


Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.

相关题目：沒有
请回帖时按照指引( https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1777364-1-1.html )列出英语提纲并用汉语解释并根据指引点评楼上的提纲。 第一个回帖的同学不必点评

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Whether colleges and universities should require all faculty members to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach is contingent on the type of faculties. Whether the policy is desirable depends of the field of studies of the faculty members. For the social science and business science faculties, they should be required to spend time working outside the academic field that is related to the courses they teach. On the contrary, for theoretically-oriented disciplines such as philosophy, they should not be required to work outside the academic world/ community.

1.        social science 老師可以由在社會上的工作直接接觸社會不同的人任，了解不同人對社會的看法。可以更深入了解他們教的科目, for example, 社會學的老師
2.        business science老師可以由市場上的工作了解商界對學生的要求，　所以更明白如何訓練學生。 E.g: Human Resource teachers
3.        philosophers 不可以在市面上有工作，　所以不合適出去工作。

王老師的comment:
1.        再注重tense的應用
2.        把分科再細分: for example, for those philosophy professors, such as political and theoretical philosophers, they are hardly to find a job in the market.

lisa_CUID: 2678347

讨论MEMO

73) Colleges and universities should require all faculty to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.
Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.


Lisa’s

Thesis Sentence:
It is always a good concern that all faculty in colleges and universities of all majors- not only social science and engineering, but also pure science – should spend time working outside the academic world to help them keep in pace with the time and have better achievement in their teaching and research.

TS1: Social Science like economics and science, the field faculties study are closely connected with real issues and requiring faculties to experience more in real life definitely could help them have more insightful understanding about their studies.
（《企业的性质》是科斯大学本科毕业论文，这篇论文奠定了制度经济学开宗立派的基础，科斯是在实习一年中写了这篇毕业论文）

TS2: Engineering like computer science, technology changes so fast, and faculties should keep pace with most updated knowledge by sparing more time in fields other than academic research.
（知识更新快的学科，否则落后无论对教学还是科研都不利）

TS3: Even for pure science like physics, many brilliant scientist in history gained inspiration from real life and had significant achievements.
（牛顿力学发现，苹果；伽利略的父亲精通音乐理论，著有《音乐对话》一书，伽利略也一直热爱音乐。在比萨大学学医期间，一次他在比萨教堂做礼拜的时候，注意到教堂屋顶悬挂着一盏摇摆不定的吊灯。他利用脉搏的跳动和自己擅长的音乐节拍，得出了摆的等时性。此外，伽利略受到鲁特琴的启发，做出斜面实验，从而发现了“落体定律”）

原题纲问题:

1. 举例子的时候不能仅仅摆在那，论证的过程、从例子中提炼观点很重要
First hand data
在初阶生活中用theory验证
题目是Faculty就举faculty不要去举学生
举例不一定是真实的真人真事，譬如说研究需要什么，这样的话faculty必须去实践

2. 第二点的观点有点问题，其实科研比企业更前沿一些。企业关注的是更实际的问题，可以使faculty 更着眼于research的practical value。

3. 工程学, 可以提及最后学生需要就业，企业需求，相应的课程训练
也可以提及人脉方面帮学生

4. 第三点，例子跟profession的工作都不太合适

5. 题目中还提到courses…帮助提高教学的质量这点必须要提到

6. 法学院和医学院、  practical
Business school 教MBA… law school都是很好的例子

7. 第三个观点可以认为理论类研究的老师不太合适，不一定能找到合适的位置