【G盟阅读日记篇】orangetree,iceoolong（欢迎其他G友随时加入哦！）

orangetreeUID: 189984

NO.5-1-2长文
Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized
as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established
and producing not what is acceptable but what will
become accepted. According to this formulation, highly
creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form
and establishes a new principle of organization. How-
ever, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends
established limits in misleading when it is applied to the
arts, even though it may be valid for the sciences. Differ-
ences between highly creative art and highly creative sci-
ence arise in part from a difference in their goals. For the
sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the
creative act. Innovative science produces new proposi-
tions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be
related to one another in more coherent ways. Such phe-
nomena as a brilliant diamond or a nesting bird are rele-
gated to the role of data, serving as the means for for-
mulating or testing a new theory. The goal of highly
creative art is very different: the phenomenon itself
becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shake-
speare’s Hamlet is not a tract about the behavior of
indecisive princes or the uses of political power; nor is
Picasso’s painting Guernica primarily a propositional
statement about the Spanish Civil War or the evils of
fascism. What highly creative artistic activity produces is
not a new generalization that transcends established lim-
its, but rather an aesthetic particular. Aesthetic particu-
lars produced by the highly creative artist extend or
exploit, in an innovative way, the limits of an existing
form, rather than transcend that form.
This is not to deny that a highly creative artist some-
times establishes a new principle of organization in the
history of an artistic field; the composer Monteverdi,
who created music of the highest aesthetic value, comes
to mind. More generally, however, whether or not a
composition establishes a new principle in the history of
music has little bearing on its aesthetic worth. Because
they embody a new principle of organization, some
musical works, such as the operas of the Florentine
Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few
listeners or musicologists would include these among the
great works of music. On the other hand, Mozart’s The
Marriage of Figaro is surely among the masterpieces of
music even though its modest innovations are confined
to extending existing means. It has been said of
Beethoven that he toppled the rules and freed music
from the stifling confines of convention. But a close
study of his compositions reveals that Beethoven over-
turned no fundamental rules. Rather, he was an incom-
parable strategist who exploited limits—the rules, forms,
and conventions that he inherited from predecessors
such as Haydn and Mozart, Handel and Bach—in strik-
ingly original ways.

21. The author considers a new theory that coherently
   relates diverse phenomena to one another to be the
  (A) basis for reaffirming a well-established scientific
     formulation
  (B) byproduct of an aesthetic experience
  (C) tool used by a scientist to discover a new
particular
  (D) synthesis underlying a great work of art
  (E) result of highly creative scientific activity

22. The author implies that Beethoven’s music was
   strikingly original because Beethoven
  (A) strove to outdo his predecessors by becoming
     the first composer to exploit limits
  (B) fundamentally changed the musical forms of
     his predecessors by adopting a richly inven-
     tive strategy
  (C) embellished and interwove the melodies of sev-
     eral of the great composers who preceded him
  (D) manipulated the established conventions of
musical composition in a highly innovative
fashion
  (E) attempted to create the illusion of having tran-
     scended the musical forms of his predecessors

23. The passage states that the operas of the Florentine
   Camerata are
  (A) unjustifiably ignored by musicologists
  (B) not generally considered to be of high aesthetic
     value even though they are important in the
     history of music
  (C) among those works in which popular historical
     themes were portrayed in a musical produc-
     tion
  (D) often inappropriately cited as examples of
musical works in which a new principle of
organization was introduced
  (E) minor exceptions to the well-established gener-
     alization that the aesthetic worth of a com-
     position determines its importance in the his-
     tory of music

24. The passage supplies information for answering all
   of the following questions EXCEPT:
  (A) Has unusual creative activity been character-
     ized as revolutionary?
  (B) Did Beethoven work within a musical tradition
     that also included Handel and Bach?
  (C) Is Mozart’s The Marriage of Figaro an example
     of a creative work that transcended limits?
  (D) Who besides Monteverdi wrote music that the
     author would consider to embody new prin-
     ciples of organization and to be of high aes-
     thetic value?
  (E) Does anyone claim that the goal of extraordi-
     nary creative activity in the arts differs from
     that of extraordinary creative activity in the
     sciences?

25. The author regards the idea that all highly creative
   artistic activity transcends limits with
  (A) deep skepticism        (B) strong indignation
  (C) marked indifference
  (D) moderate amusement
  (E) sharp derision

26. The author implies that an innovative scientific con-
   tribution is one that
  (A) is cited with high frequency in the publications
     of other scientists
  (B) is accepted immediately by the scientific com-
     munity
  (C) does not relegate particulars to the role of data
  (D) presents the discovery of a new scientific fact
  (E) introduces a new valid generalization

27. Which of the following statements would most logi-
   cally concluded the last paragraph of the passage?
  (A) Unlike Beethoven, however, even the greatest
     of modern composers, such as Stravinsky, did
     not transcend existing musical forms.
  (B) In similar fashion, existing musical forms were
     even further exploited by the next generation
     of great European composers.
  (C) Thus, many of the great composers displayed
     the same combination of talents exhibited by
     Monteverdi.
  (D) By contrast, the view that creativity in the arts
     exploits but does not transcend limits is sup-
     ported in the field of literature.
  (E) Actually, Beethoven’s most original works were
     largely unappreciated at the time that they
     were first performed.

orangetreeUID: 189984

NO.5-1-2长文是通过和科学界的创新相比，艺术界的评价还要加入美学的要素。错26，27。
21细节题，题干核心词a new theory,定位在L12。
22细节题，Beethoven定位到L45，原文改写 exploited limits=manipulated the
established conventions
exploit vt.开发；开拓
23直接事实题，题干核心词FC，定位L39。
24EXCEPT细节题，A是文章首句，B是末句,C L33，文中的表述是否定的,D定位在第2段的L5，however后的都是只能得到一方面的，所以D对。E,这道题如果选了E答案，则还反映了一点就是读原文的方法还应当改进。 因为文章的L9-L10有一句话基本上和E一模一样，而且这句话有一个极端显眼的词叫difference!这个词表达了事物之间的联系，是必然考点！在读原文的时候应该密切关注并且做下标记。25态度题，L8的misleading=skeptic.原文L5-L9，本文旧观点句，注意是旧观点，就意味着做这必然的负态度 因为后面说a new principle，L8 misleading反映了作者态度的词，读原文请强烈关注！
26细节题， L26的not a new generalization的主语是creative artistic,而26题问的是scientific contribution正好是它的取非,请再读L7-L11，这段话就是告诉读者art和science是多么多么的不同阿，而不同正是两者的关系之一，必然考点！强烈关注！
总结：此题并不是通过对题干核心词定位找到的答案，而是考查一处事物之间的比较关系，然后取非得到的。今后要注意对事物比较处的注意，还要灵活运用。
27续写题，选D,我以为艺术都是相通的，文中举了音乐方面，那么文学也是艺术范畴，那就可以也说文学也是这样的吧。可是。。。错了。。。 正确的思考方式应该是：文章最后一句话的改写，什么巴赫阿呀，莫扎特阿，贝多芬阿都是欧洲的，所以说Europe不局限，一般续写的题只看文章最后一句话就可以了。D这个选项，呵呵，出的其实很可爱，因为它一上来就说by contrast，这个答案应该永远不能是续写的答案，至少目前在GRE阅读所有的续写题都是顺承关系，即对原文末句的大意重复，极个别是对原文末段大意的重复。而且你看题干logically conclude，怎么就contrast提出新观点了呢
花儿提示：回答问题前想先说一个我自己的观点，分析一句话
新东方对于原文主旨题，结构题等等一类的主题型题目，进行了很好的引导，其中最重要的一种做主题型题目的方法，就是判断TS，即topic sentence，它认为读文章读的就是topic sentence,如果找到了ts,那么别的一般可以略读。

做过很多主题型题目，我发现用TS来做这一类题有一定的局限性，就是如果对于那种内容型的主题型题目，这个方法是很适用的，但是如果碰到一些问行文方法，段落作用，整篇文章或者某些行的organization的题目的时候，光用TS就不够了，所以我建议读原文不仅要找TS，还要找起到结构指示作用的单词、词组和句子，可不可以暂且统称structural direction(SD)
举个例子，今天的短文章，文章首句应该是TS，但是还有一句对原文结构、作者态度、上下文关系都有非常强的指示作用的句子：
Detailed understanding of this phenomenon awaits further study
这句话如果深入的理解，可以说明这么几个问题
1."this phenomenon"告诉我们这句话之前讲的是一个phenomenon
2.futher study告诉我们前文已经进行了study
3.awaits告诉我们作者对study的研究报有一定的负态度（研究的不够）
4.对此现象研究的缺陷是detailed understanding

试想全文你都没看懂，只看懂了首句TS和这句SD，你能做对几道题呢？
至少 17，B)describe a phenomenon
19, E)incomplete

由此，文章的结构指示词，结构指示词组，结构指示句值得予以高度关注，那这些起到结构指示作用的要素们有什么特点呢？不好意思，暂时卖个关子，且听下回分解，因为我现在对这部分的总结还没完全进行完。大家也可以试着自己找找，每篇文章都有，看看有没有规律呢？

还有，读文章的详略在此也可以略显其特征，就是重读、详读到底是什么意思，一句话到底可以读多深，大家可以以这句话为例，感觉一下。当然，以上我说的这句话所反映出来的1,2,3,4应该在一瞬间出现在你的大脑里:)
今天的长文章值得好好体会一下略读的方法

词汇收集：
saturate v.使饱和, 浸透, 使充满
disequilibrium＝dis（不）＋equili（相等）＋brium，n.不均衡, 不安定
momentum＝mom（＝mov移动）＋entum n.动力, 要素
fascism n.法西斯主义, 极端的国家主义
exploit vt.开拓, 开发,v.使用
indignation＝in（否定，相反）＋dign（权利，价值）＋ation，n.愤慨, 义愤
derision＝deri（＝laugh）sion n.嘲笑。derisive，derisory，deride

[ Last edited by orangetree on 2005-9-22 at 13:16 ]

ouymUID: 2109118

报告楼主，我今晚做了3长2短，待会在来个短的就睡觉！明天不上班，早点睡，但愿明天能起早点来做题！

还有个问题，什么是“真题”呀？是不是就是“国内题”？

ouymUID: 2109118

Originally posted by maping at 2005-9-21 16:38
斑竹同志，呵呵，先这么叫吧，不如我们大家一起做阅读，每天安排好做哪几篇，然后一起交流研究怎么样？来定一个小的每日阅读安排。斑竹现在正在进行什么呢？要求同步走，哈哈！一起加油！

东风2楼，哈哈！

同意！大家要同步才方便讨论！楼主给大家订个计划吧！

orangetreeUID: 189984

NO.5-1-1短文
  A Marxist sociologist has argued that racism stems
from the class struggle that is unique to the capitalist
system—that racial prejudice is generated by capitalists
as a means of controlling workers. His thesis works rel-
atively well when applied to discrimination against
Blacks in the United States, but his definition of racial
prejudice as “racially-based negative prejudgments
against a group generally accepted as a race in any
given region of ethnic competition,” can be interpreted
as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as
the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval
Europe. However, since prejudice against these latter
peoples was not inspired by capitalists, he has to reason
that such antagonisms were not really based on race.
He disposes thusly (albeit unconvincingly) of both the
intolerance faced by Jews before the rise of capitalism
and the early twentieth-century discrimination against
Oriental people in California, which, inconveniently,
was instigated by workers.

17. The passage supplies information that would
   answer which of the following questions?
  (A) What accounts for the prejudice against the
     Jews in medieval Europe?
  (B) What conditions caused the discrimination
     against Oriental people in California in the
     early twentieth century?
  (C) Which groups are not in ethnic competition
     with each other in the United States?
  (D) What explanation did the Marxist sociologist
     give for the existence of racial prejudice?
  (E) What evidence did the Marxist sociologist
     provide to support his thesis?

18. The author considers the Marxist sociologist’s the-
   sis about the origins of racial prejudice to be
  (A) unoriginal                (B) unpersuasive
  (C) offensive        (D) obscure        (E) speculative

19. It can be inferred from the passage that the Marxist
   sociologist would argue that in a noncapitalist soci-
   ety racial prejudice would be
  (A) pervasive        (B) tolerated        (C) ignored
  (D) forbidden        (E) nonexistent

20. According to the passage, the Marxist sociologist’s
   chain of reasoning required him to assert that prej-
  udice toward Oriental people in California was
  (A) directed primarily against the Chinese
  (B) similar in origin to prejudice against the Jews
  (C) understood by Oriental people as ethnic
     competition
  (D) provoked by workers       
  (E) nonracial in character

orangetreeUID: 189984

NO.5-1-1短文新旧观点型，即一个人先提出看法，作者再对此看法加以评论。文中，作者并没有直接写自己的看法，但在对sociologist的看法做出部分肯定后来了一个but，表示在有些方面是不同意sociologist：Jews & Oriental people。错17，20。
17细节题，本来选的D,后来改成E了。选a是因为对作者态度关注的不够，而作者态度是三个必然考点之一。最后一句没看懂其实没关系，只要看见一个词inconveniently，就可以了，这句话在考试的时候可以理解到这个深度：他对Jews和California什么一类的东西有个观点，对于这个观点作者是负态度。那么既然作者持有负态度，说明对这个问题，并没有给出有效的解释。故a错
18态度题
19取非题，题干核心词noncapitalist society racial prejudice，定位文章首句，unique to取非。
20细节题，题干核心词Oriental people in California，定位末句was instigated by workers，但是，在这句话的开头，He disposes thusly ( albeit unconvincingly)。。。，作者直接就把这个观点否定了：1。Dispose of是不要了的那种处理（翻阅花儿JJ的帖子）2。Unconvincingly负态度。因此，在这个观点里的内容都是错的，D是错的。而E可以定位到L14，not really based on race.。此题和NO.5-1-2长文的26题很像，值得注意！！！
Instigated v.鼓动

orangetreeUID: 189984

Originally posted by ouym at 2005-9-21
报告楼主，我今晚做了3长2短，待会在来个短的就睡觉！明天不上班，早点睡，但愿明天能起早点来做题！

还有个问题，什么是“真题”呀？是不是就是“国内题”？

晕菜！！真题就是真正的ETS出的正儿八经的考试题。NO题，国内题，都是！XDF的模拟啦，什么笔考模拟啦，凡是挂了模拟的都不算，呵呵。

orangetreeUID: 189984

Originally posted by ouym at 2005-9-22 00:33


同意！大家要同步才方便讨论！楼主给大家订个计划吧！

好吧，那我先草拟一个，大家看看，有问题的话，咱们随时再调整。

总的时间安排如下：
每天白天2长2短。
22：00之前做好个人阅读日记，拍在版中。
22：00开始报告完成情况，心得。大家互评，讨论。

PS：大家在网上看到好的学习，经验，方法的文章尽管链接过来，资源共享嘛，呵呵！

本月计划如下：
9月22日：NO.5-2-1，NO.5-2-2
9月23日：NO.5-3-1，NO.5-3-2
9月24日：NO.6-1-1，NO.6-1-4
9月25日：NO.6-2-1，NO.6-2-4
9月26日：NO.6-3-2，NO.6-3-4
9月27日：NO.7-1-1，NO.7-1-4
9月28日：NO.7-2-1，NO.7-2-4
9月29日：NO.7-3-1，NO.7-3-4
9月30日：NO.8-1-3，NO.8-1-6

加油加油！！！A ZA A ZA FIGHTING!

ouymUID: 2109118

支持楼主计划！

yovoUID: 209758

感谢分享，受益匪浅！

orangetreeUID: 189984

刚刚做完了1长1短，过来先把文章贴出来，便于手边没有资料的朋友们浏览。
NO.5-2-1
Visual recognition involves storing and retrieving mem-
ories. Neural activity, triggered by the eye, forms an
image in the brain’s memory system that constitutes an
internal representation of the viewed object. When an
object is encountered again, it is matched with its inter-
nal representation and thereby recognized. Controversy
surrounds the question of whether recognition is a paral-
lel, one-step process or a serial, step-by-step one. Psy-
chologists of the Gestalt school maintain that objects are
recognized as wholes in a parallel procedure: the inter-
nal representation is matched with the retinal image in a
single operation. Other psychologists have proposed that
internal representation features are matched serially with
an object’s features. Although some experiments show
that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal represen-
tation becomes more holistic and the recognition process
correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence
seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for
objects that are not notably simple and familiar.

17. The author is primarily concerned with
  (A) explaining how the brain receives images
  (B) synthesizing hypotheses of visual recognition
  (C) examining the evidence supporting the serial-
     recognition hypothesis
  (D) discussing visual recognition and some
hypotheses proposed to explain it
  (E) reporting on recent experiments dealing with
     memory systems and their relationship to
     neural activity

18. According to the passage, Gestalt psychologists
make which of the following suppositions about
visual recognition?
  I. A retinal image is in exactly the same
     forms as its internal representation.
II. An object is recognized as a whole without
     any need for analysis into component
     parts.
III. The matching of an object with its internal
     representation occurs in only one step.
(A) II only                        (B) III only       
(C) I and III only                (D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III

19. It can be inferred from the passage that the match-
   ing process in visual recognition is
  (A) not a neural activity
  (B) not possible when an object is viewed for the
     very first time
  (C) not possible if a feature of a familiar object is
     changed in some way
  (D) only possible when a retinal image is received
     in the brain as a unitary whole
  (E) now fully understood as a combination of the
     serial and parallel processes

20. It terms of its tone and form, the passage can best
   be characterized as
  (A) a biased exposition
  (B) a speculative study
  (C) a dispassionate presentation
  (D) an indignant denial       
  (E) a dogmatic explanation

  In large part as a consequence of the feminist move-
ment, historians have focused a great deal of attention
in recent years on determining more accurately the status
of women in various periods. Although much has been
accomplished for the modern period, premodern cultures
have proved more difficult: sources are restricted in
number, fragmentary, difficult to interpret, and
often contradictory. Thus it is not particularly surprising
that some earlier scholarship concerning such cultures
has so far gone unchallenged. An example is Johann
Bachofen’s 1861 treatise on Amazons, women-ruled
societies of questionable existence contemporary with
ancient Greece.
  Starting from the premise that mythology and legend
preserve at least a nucleus of historical fact, Bachofen
argued that women were dominant in many ancient soci-
eties. His work was based on a comprehensive survey of
references in the ancient sources to Amazonian and
other societies with matrilineal customs—societies in
which descent and property rights are traced through the
female line. Some support for his theory can be found in
evidence such as that drawn from Herodotus, the Greek
“historian” of the fifth century B. C., who speaks of an
Amazonian society, the Sauromatae, where the women
hunted and fought in wars. A woman in this society was
not allowed to marry until she had killed a person
in battle.
  Nonetheless, this assumption that the first recorders of
ancient myths have preserved facts is problematic. If one
begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons, it
becomes clear that ancient Greek descriptions of such
societies were meant not so much to represent observed
historical fact—real Amazonian societies—but rather to
offer “moral lessons” on the supposed outcome of
women’s rule in their own society. The Amazons were
often characterized, for example, as the equivalents of
giants and centaurs, enemies to be slain by Greek heroes.
Their customs were presented not as those of a respect-
able society, but as the very antitheses of ordinary Greek
practices.
  Thus, I would argue, the purpose of accounts of the
Amazons for their male Greek recorders was didactic, to
teach both male and female Greeks that all-female
groups, formed by withdrawal from traditional society,
are destructive and dangerous. Myths about the Ama-
zons were used as arguments for the male-dominated
status quo, in which groups composed exclusively of
either sex were not permitted to segregate themselves
permanently from society. Bachofen was thus misled in
his reliance on myths for information about the status of
women. The sources that will probably tell contempo-
rary historians most about women in the ancient world
are such social documents as gravestones, wills, and
marriage contracts. Studies of such documents have
already begun to show how mistaken we are when we
try to derive our picture of the ancient world exclusively
from literary sources, especially myths.

21. The primary purpose of the passage is to
  (A) compare competing new approaches to
understanding the role of women in ancient
societies
  (B) investigate the ramifications of Bachofen’s
theory about the dominance of women in
ancient societies
  (C) explain the burgeoning interest among
historians in determining the actual status of
women in various societies
  (D) analyze the nature of Amazonian society
and uncover similarities between it and the
Greek world
  (E) criticize the value of ancient myths in
determining the status of women in ancient
societies

22. All of the following are stated by the author as
   problems connected with the sources for knowledge
   of premodern cultures EXCEPT
  (A) partial completeness
  (B) restricted accessibility
  (C) difficulty of interpretation
  (D) limited quantity       
  (E) tendency toward contradiction

23. Which of the following can be inferred from the
   passage about the myths recorded by the ancient
   Greeks?
     I. They sometimes included portrayals of
   women holding positions of power.
II. They sometimes contained elaborate
   explanations of inheritance customs.
   III. They comprise almost all of the material
   available to historians about ancient Greece.
  (A) I only        (B) III only         (C) I and III only
  (D) II and III only          (E) I, II, and III

24. Which of the following is presented in the passage
   as evidence supporting the author’s view of the
   ancient Greeks’ descriptions of the Amazons?
  (A) The requirement that Sauromatae women kill
      in battle before marrying
  (B) The failure of historians to verify that women
      were ever governors of ancient societies
  (C) The classing of Amazons with giants and
centaurs
  (D) The well-established unreliability of Herodotus
      as a source of information about ancient
      societies
  (E) The recent discovery of ancient societies with
      matrilineal customs

25. It can be inferred from the passage that the probable
   reactions of many males in ancient Greece to the
   idea of a society ruled by women could best char-
   acterized as
  (A) confused and dismayed
  (B) wary and hostile
  (C) cynical and disinterested
  (D) curious but fearful
  (E) excited but anxious

26. The author suggests that the main reason for the
   persisting influence of Bachofen’s work is that
  (A) feminists have shown little interest in ancient
     societies
  (B) Bachofen’s knowledge of Amazonian culture is
     unparablleled
  (C) reliable information about the ancient world is
     difficult to acquire
  (D) ancient societies show the best evidence of
women in positions of power
  (E) historians have been primarily interested in the
     modern period

27. The author’s attitude toward Bachofen’s treatise is
   best described as one of
  (A) qualified approval
  (B) profound ambivalence
  (C) studied neutrality
  (D) pointed disagreement
  (E) unmitigated hostility

orangetreeUID: 189984

NO.5-2-2
Initially the Vinaver theory that Malory’s eight
romances, once thought to be fundamentally unified.
were in fact eight independent works produced both a
sense of relief and an unpleasant shock. Vinaver’s the-
ory comfortably explained away the apparent contra-
dictions of chronology and made each romance inde-
pendently satisfying. It was, however, disagreeable to
find that what had been thought of as one book was
now eight books. Part of this response was the natural
reaction to the disturbance of set ideas. Nevertheless,
even now, after lengthy consideration of the theory’s
refined but legitimate observations, one cannot avoid
the conclusion that the eight romances are only one
work. It is not quite a matter of disagreeing with the
theory of independence, but of rejecting its implica-
tions: that the romances may be taken in any or no
particular order, that they have no cumulative effect,
and that they are as separate as the works of a modern
novelist.

17. The primary purpose of the passage is to
  (A) discuss the validity of a hypothesis
  (B) summarize a system of general principles
  (C) propose guidelines for future argument
  (D) stipulate conditions for acceptance of an
   interpretation
  (E) deny accusations about an apparent
   contradiction

18. It can be inferred from the passage that the author
   believes which of the following about Malory’s
   works?
              I. There are meaningful links between and
          among the romances.
  II. The subtleties of the romances are obscured
      when they are taken as one work.
III. Any contradictions in chronology among the
      romances are less important than their over-
      all unity.
(A) I only                                (B) III only   
(C) I and III only                (D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III

19. The author of the passage concedes which of the
   following about the Vinaver theory?
  (A) It gives a clearer understanding of the unity of
  Malory’s romances.
  (B) It demonstrates the irrationality of considering
     Malory’s romances to be unified.
  (C) It establishes acceptable links between Malory’s
     romances and modern novels.
  (D) It unifies earlier and later theories concerning
     the chronology of Malory’s romances.
  (E) It makes valid and subtle comments about
Malory’s romances.

20. It can be inferred from the passage that, in evaluating
   the Vinaver theory, some critics were
  (A) frequently misled by the inconsistencies in
Malory’s work
  (B) initially biased by previous interpretations of
     Malory’s work
  (C) conceptually displeased by the general
interpretation that Vinaver rejected
  (D) generally in agreement with Vinaver’s
comparisons between Malory and modern
      novelists
  (E) originally skeptical about Vinaver’s early
   conclusions with respect to modern novels

  We can distinguish three different realms of matter,
three levels on the quantum ladder. The first is the
atomic realm, which includes the world of atoms, their
interactions, and the structures that are formed by them,
such as molecules, liquids and solids, and gases and plas-
mas. This realm includes all the phenomena of atomic
physics, chemistry, and, in a certain sense, biology. The
energy exchanges taking place in this realm are of a rela-
tively low order. If these exchanges are below one elec-
tron volt, such as in the collisions between molecules of
the air in a room, then atoms and molecules can be
regarded as elementary particles. That is, they have
“conditional elementarity” because they keep their iden-
tity and do not change in any collisions or in other pro-
cesses at these low energy exchanges. If one goes to
higher energy exchanges, say 104 electron volts, then
atoms and molecules will decompose into nuclei and
electrons; at this level, the latter particles must be consi-
dered as elementary. We find examples of structures and
processes of this first rung of the quantum ladder on
Earth, on planets, and on the surfaces of stars.
  The next rung is the nuclear realm. Here the energy
exchanges are much higher, on the order of millions of
electron volts. As long as we are dealing with phenom-
ena in the atomic realm, such amounts of energy are
unavailable, and most nuclei are inert: they do not
change. However, if one applies energies of millions of
electron volts, nuclear reactions, fission and fusion, and
the processes of radioactivity occur; our elementary par-
ticles then are protons, neutrons, and electrons. In addi-
tion, nuclear processes produce neutrinos, particles that
have no detectable mass or charge. In the universe, ener-
gies at this level are available in the centers of stars and
in star explosions. Indeed, the energy radiated by the
stars is produced by nuclear reactions. The natural
radioactivity we find on Earth is the long-lived remnant
of the time when now-earthly matter was expelled into
space by a major stellar explosion.
  The third rung of the quantum ladder is the subnu-
clear realm. Here we are dealing with energy exchangers
of many billions of electron volts. We encounter excited
nucleons, new types of particles such as mesons, heavy
electrons, quarks, and gluons, and also antimatter in
large quantities. The gluons are the quanta, or smallest
units, of the force (the strong force) that keeps the
quarks together. As long as we are dealing with the
atomic or nuclear realm, these new types of particles do
not occur and the nucleons remain inert. But at subnu-
clear energy levels, the nucleons and mesons appear to
be composed of quarks, so that the quarks and gluons
figure as elementary particles.

21. the primary topic of the passage is which of the
   following?
  (A) The interaction of the realms on the quantum
     ladder
  (B) Atomic structures found on Earth, on other
planets, and on the surfaces of stars
  (C) Levels of energy that are released in nuclear
reactions on Earth and in stars
  (D) Particles and processes found in the atomic,
nuclear, and subnuclear realms
  (E) New types of particles occurring in the atomic
     realm

22. According to the passage, radioactivity that occurs
   naturally on Earth is the result of
  (A) the production of particles that have no
   detectable mass or electric charge
  (B) high energy exchanges on the nuclear level that
       occurred in an ancient explosion in a star
  (C) processes that occur in the center of the Sun,
       which emits radiation to the Earth
  (D) phenomena in the atomic realm that cause
   atoms and molecules to decompose into
   nuclei and electrons
  (E) high-voltage discharges of electricity that took
       place in the atmosphere of the Earth shortly
       after the Earth was formed

23. The author organizes the passage by
  (A) making distinctions between two groups of par-
     ticles, those that are elementary and those
     that are composite
  (B) explaining three methods of transferring energy
     to atoms and to the smaller particles that
     constitute atoms
  (C) describing several levels of processes, increasing
     in energy, and corresponding sets of particles,
     generally decreasing in size
  (D) putting forth an argument concerning energy
     levels and then conceding that several qualifi-
     cations of that argument are necessary
  (E) making several successive refinements of a defi-
     nition of elementarity on the basis of several
     groups of experimental results

24. According to the passage, which of the following
   can be found in the atomic realm?
  (A) More than one level of energy exchange
  (B) Exactly one elementary particle
  (C) Exactly three kinds of atomic structures
  (D) Three levels on the quantum ladder
  (E) No particles smaller than atoms

25. According to the author, gluons are not
  (A) considered to be detectable
  (B) produced in nuclear reactions
  (C) encountered in subnuclear energy exchanges
  (D) related to the strong force
  (E) found to be conditionally elementary

26. At a higher energy level than the subnuclear level
  described, if such a higher level exists, it can be
  expected on the basis of the information in the pas-
  sage that there would probably be
  (A) excited nucleons        (B) elementary mesons
  (C) a kind of particle without detectable mass or
       charge
  (D) exchanges of energy on the order of millions of
       electron volts
  (E) another set of elementary particles

27. The passage speaks of particles as having
   conditional elementarity if they
  (A) remain unchanged at given level of energy
   exchange
  (B) cannot be decomposed into smaller constituents
  (C) are mathematically simpler than some other set of
       particles
  (D) release energy at a low level in collisions
  (E) belong to the nuclear level on the quantum
ladder

大家加油哦！！我去做总结咯！！！嘿啾嘿啾！！！

ouymUID: 2109118

No.5-2 sectionA

短文

这篇文章很简单，可我错了2个（18，19），惭愧！

文章结构属于现象解释型，两种解释：parallel；serial。作者倾向后者！

第18题：I中有个exactly，错。II是我漏选的选项，文章有提示“as whole”，我怎么就没看见呢！

第19题：我选E。当然是选B。

这两个错误纯属自己过于急躁造成的。读文章＋做题，总共花了4分52妙，不断地催自己快点快点，结果惨剧发生了！

长文

这篇以前做过，没啥感想！

有个句子不太懂！An example is Johann Bachofen’s 1861 treatise on Amazons, women-ruled societies of questionable existence contemporary with ancient Greece.这句话中“of questionable existence contemporary with ancient Greece”是啥意思呢？

第21题：关键词criticize
第22题：细节题 easy
第23题：罗马题 III中有个almost all，排除！
第24题：细节题
第25题：也算细节题吧！
第26题：细节题 easy
第27题：态度题

No.5-2 sectionB

短文

这篇以前也做过，今天重做仍然觉得很难！
我只做对了第17题！

1．Initially the Vinaver theory that Malory’s eight romances, once thought to be fundamentally unified, were in fact eight independent works produced both a sense of relief and an unpleasant shock. 这个句子不难，可我在理解这个句子时花了好多时间。刚开始还以为这是个病句。后来经过反复读反复读，发现是自己错了。是我自己无意中在produced后加了一个by造成的，以致于我老觉得从that到句子结束都是定语，句子主干没有谓语！这时注意力不集中的表现！！！


2．第1段最后的那个“set ideas”是啥意思呀？是“先入为主的思想”吗？我想是的。后面的第20题考的就是这个！

3．第19题 选项e中的“valid and subtle” 是文中第2段第1句“refined but legitimate”的同义替换！

4．文章首先介绍V理论，这个理论认为M是独立的8本书（而传统的看法认为是1本书）。作者明显是对V理论持否定态度，却又给它“refined but legitimate”这样的正评价词。原因在于作者也说不出个道道来，表现在文章的最后一句话。唉！好阴险的题目！

长文
又是一篇做过的！没啥感觉！


“边看，边记，边想”太重要了！
今天的这4篇，居然有3篇我以前做过！当是复习吧！感觉这些文章真是非常非常套路化！！

[ Last edited by ouym on 2005-9-23 at 22:25 ]

mapingUID: 204985

好，知道了，那我从明天开始NO5-3的，一起讨论

ouymUID: 2109118

今天论坛是不是有点问题，没法预览和编辑。所以发的贴子好难看，各位包涵！
祈祷问题早点解决！