【G盟阅读日记篇】orangetree,iceoolong（欢迎其他G友随时加入哦！）

orangetreeUID: 189984

no.6－1－1
这两篇新东方老师讲过，网络课堂也讲了。我做过2遍了。不作了。
NO.6-1-4
长文做的很顺。不到25分钟，错20，21。
20题更冤，我误选了C，我把2段末的那个probably= skeptical.因为E里面的单词印错啦我不认识咯。。。。要不，E是个多好的答案呀，我怎么可能会错过嘛！！！！
21题错得丢脸！直接就 15-6=9就完拉嘛！地表的平均温度－1KM的温差6度。我还在那用－18度算起来没完那！真白！

短文读的时候有点糊涂，24，24都没有那么坚定，错25。
24题,A和B开始有点犹豫，后来觉得B里面提的development of human morphology就只有首句一带而过。所以肯定不对了。
25题，定位在18-20行，答案D是一个扩大化的改写。 原文how badly they guide us now ——〉选项how they function now。可是光看题干，怎么能定到最后呢？？一个一个排除吗？满篇都是frailty，找得我眼都花啦！请解答！！

词汇收集
infrared adj.红外线的n.红外线
prevail vi.流行, 盛行, 获胜, 成功
archetypal adj.原型的
beneath adv.在...之下
frailty n.虚弱, 脆弱, 意志薄弱, 过失, 品德上的弱点

orangetreeUID: 189984

NO.6-2-1
短文太顺啦。5分钟就做完了，还没错！！哈哈！
长文也是XDF讲烂的，没啥说的！
NO.6-2-4
短文错17题，因为里面的enigma（ n.谜, 不可思议的东西）不认识，开始没有选C是因为我觉得文章前一大半都是在说H，后面一半才开始说误解，所以想选一个类似于describe的词，刚好后面的词不认识，就选错啦！单词不行呀！还要再背！
长文章又是XDF讲烂的，懒得说了。估计这几天做的都是经典篇目，大家要好好研究研究哦！有什么问题大家好讨论讨论，集中解决一下！

总结一下最近的收获和不足：前天到今天这几篇文章做下来，觉得自己确实是有提高的。边看，边记，边想。
存在问题：
1．看过的出题点记不牢，做到后面的题时，总是有模糊的印象，不确定答案，回头还要去文章中再找一次看看。这就是为什么我的时间用的多，正确率比较高的原因。
2．单词不过关，好多题是单词障碍。
3．有一类题我总是错。就是我按照题干核心词定位，在定位处找答案，结果正确选项却在离这里好远以外的地方，而且方圆百里也找不着核心词。这类题的特点一都是问对一个具体的事物（核心词）的细节or 描述的对错，如 NO.6-1-4的25。
4．Which of the following would occur/Can answer which of the following question？的题目感觉特别难定位，是不是要用排除法一一的看？？有没有更快的办法？？如NO.5-1-2的20。

PS.我自己感觉3，4这样的问题可能是对文章整体把握的还不够，之间小处，不见全牛。可是究竟要怎样解决那？？大家有没有和我一样的感觉，说说看，帮帮我吧，8858！！！！

orangetreeUID: 189984

Originally posted by wsdeg at 2005-9-24 19:55
No 5-2-2

短阅读：
新老观点对比型
正文：两个层次initially....    Nevertheless, even now....
ts:新观点出现处one cannot avoid the conclusion that the eight romances are only one work

具体分层 ...

葡萄做得不错哦！加油加油！渐入佳境！！

orangetreeUID: 189984

Originally posted by wsdeg at 2005-9-25 14:34
楼主好快啊
我赶不上啊，怎么办？？？

先跟上进度，然后每天往回多做几篇，没多久就赶上咯！先不要着急哦！有句话送给你：眼是懒汉，手是好汉！

只要你在做，就是在进步！

orangetreeUID: 189984

Originally posted by 逆风飞羊 at 2005-9-25 14:45

谢谢　２２明白了，看来任何地方都不能臆断啊
可是　２１，他们不是都琢磨ＷＡＳＰ吗？

21,看2段首句，是说“从Fisher的时代开始，....就被认识了。”说明什么呢？说明本段前半部分的事情不一定是fisfer做的吧,说的是那个时候的研究，没说一定是fisher.所以这部分出现wasp不一定是Fisher的研究对象！
22，全文作者对Fisher持的是大正小负，but 后面的是主要态度。你选E不是变成了小正大负了？！所以无论从文章对应改写的角度，还是大态度上，E都不对。

orangetreeUID: 189984

TO 葡萄：

是不是一般自然科学的文章都比较客观？（和orangetree 学的，把问题orange出来）

一般都是复杂态度，大正小负或大负小正的，文学评论也是，所以。。。哈。
不过也有几篇是从头到尾都是一种的，很少。
BTW,呵呵！你也喜欢这样就好！版式还很统一呀！！美~!

这篇是什么套路啊   
结论解释型吧！我是这么理解的。


葡萄的思路很清楚，要保持哦!

逆风飞羊UID: 182440

Originally posted by orangetree at 2005-9-25 16:09


21,看2段首句，是说“从Fisher的时代开始，....就被认识了。”说明什么呢？说明本段前半部分的事情不一定是fisfer做的吧,说的是那个时候的研究，没说一定是fisher.所以这部分出现wasp不一定是Fisher的研究对象 ...

彻底明白了 谢谢橘子树啊 呵呵
我刚开始做阅读不久，好多地方还不敏感。要狂做才行。
看来是太晚了 急ing！！
狂做

嘶喊的牧歌UID: 197463

你们都在做NO啊。
我在做国内题ing。
NO留着十一集中突破法呢。
不能参与讨论了。:(
等你们讨论到国内的时候。
牧歌再来共同学习哦。
呵呵。:)

davinazengUID: 177601

我no题做了一遍，有些地方还是不太明白

现在打印了pp2的阅读开始做

国内题目做了一点

现在大家都讨论no题么？

阅读不知道要达到什么样 的标准

no题感觉后面越来越容易呵呵

[ Last edited by davinazeng on 2005-9-26 at 10:52 ]

orangetreeUID: 189984

NO6-3-2
The use of heat pumps has been held back
largely by skepticism about advertisers’ claims that
heat pumps can provide as many as two units of
thermal energy for each unit of electrical energy
(5) used, thus apparently contradicting the principle of
energy conservation.
Heat pumps circulate a fluid refrigerant that
   cycles alternatively from its liquid phase to its
vapor phase in a closed loop. The refrigerant,
(10) starting as a low-temperature, low-pressure vapor,
enters a compressor driven by an electric motor.
The refrigerant leaves the compressor as a hot,
dense vapor and flows through a heat exchanger
called the condenser, which transfers heat from the
(15) refrigerant to a body of air. Now the refrigerant,
as a high-pressure, cooled liquid, confronts a flow
restriction which causes the pressure to drop. As
the pressure falls, the refrigerant expands and par-
tially vaporizes, becoming chilled. It then passes
(20) through a second heat exchanger, the evaporator,
which transfers heat from the air to the refrigerant,
reducing the temperature of this second body of
air. Of the two heat exchangers, one is located
inside, and the other one outside the house, so
(25) each is in contact with a different body of air:
room air and outside air, respectively.
  The flow direction of refrigerant through a heat
pump is controlled by valves. When the refrigerant
flow is reversed, the heat exchangers switch func-
(30) tion. This flow-reversal capability allows heat
pumps either to heat or cool room air.
Now, if under certain conditions a heat pump
puts out more thermal energy than it consumes in
electrical energy, has the law of energy conserva-
(35) tion been challenged? No, not even remotely: the
additional input of thermal energy into the circu-
lating refrigerant via the evaporator accounts for
the difference in the energy equation.
  Unfortunately, there is one real problem. The
(40) heating capacity of a heat pump decreases as the
outdoor temperature falls. The drop in capacity is
caused by the lessening amount of refrigerant mass
moved through the compressor at one time. The
heating capacity is proportional to this mass flow
(45) rate: the less the mass of refrigerant being com-
pressed, the less the thermal load it can transfer
through the heat-pump cycle. The volume flow
rate of refrigerant vapor through the single-speed
rotary compressor used in heat pumps is approxi-
(50) mately constant. But cold refrigerant vapor enter-
ing a compressor is at lower pressure than warmer
vapor. Therefore, the mass of cold refrigerant—
and thus the thermal energy it carries—is less than
if the refrigerant vapor were warmer before com-
(55) pression.
  Here, then, lies a genuine drawback of heat
pumps: in extremely cold climates—where the
most heat is needed—heat pumps are least able to
supply enough heat.

17. The primary purpose of the passage is to
  (A) explain the differences in the working of a heat
pump when the outdoor temperature
changes
  (B) contrast the heating and the cooling modes of heat
pumps
  (C) describe heat pumps, their use, and factors
affecting their use
  (D) advocate the more widespread use of heat
pumps
  (E) expose extravagant claims about heat pumps
as false

18. The author resolves the question of whether heat
pumps run counter to the principle of energy con-
servation by
  (A) carefully qualifying the meaning of that prin-
ciple
  (B) pointing out a factual error in the statement
  that gives rise to this question
  (C) supplying additional relevant facts
  (D) denying the relevance of that principle to heat
pumps
  (E) explaining that heat pumps can cool, as well as
heat, room air

19. It can be inferred from the passage that, in the
   course of a heating season, the heating capacity of a
   heat pump is greatest when
  (A) heating is least essential
  (B) electricity rates are lowest
  (C) its compressor runs the fastest
  (D) outdoor temperatures hold steady
  (E) the heating demand surges

20. If the author’s assessment of the use of heat pumps
   (lines 1-6) is correct, which of the following best
   expresses the lesson that advertisers should learn
   from this case?
  (A) Do not make exaggerated claims about the
  products you are trying to promote.
  (B) Focus your advertising campaign on vague
  analogies and veiled implications instead of
  on facts.
  (C) Do not use facts in your advertising that will
strain the prospective client’s ability to
believe.
  (D) Do not assume in your advertising that the
  prospective clients know even the most ele-
mentary scientific principles.
  (E) Concentrate your advertising firmly on finan-
cially relevant issues such as price discounts
and efficiency of operation.

21. The passage suggests that heat pumps would
   be used more widely if
  (A) they could also be used as air conditioners
  (B) they could be moved around to supply heat
  where it is most needed
  (C) their heat output could be thermostatically con-
trolled
  (D) models with truly superior cooling capacity
  were advertised more effectively
  (E) people appreciated the role of the evaporator in
the energy equation

22. According to the passage, the role of the flow
   restriction (lines 16-17) in a heat pump is to
  (A) measure accurately the flow rate of the refriger-
ant mass at that point
  (B) compress and heat the refrigerant vapor
  (C) bring about the evaporation and cooling of
  refrigerant
  (D) exchange heat between the refrigerant and the
air at that point
  (E) reverse the direction of refrigerant flow when
needed

23. The author regards the notion that heat pumps have
   a genuine drawback as a
   (A) cause for regret
   (B) sign of premature defeatism
   (C) welcome challenge
   (D) case of sloppy thinking
   (E) focus for an educational campaign

All of Francoise Dupare’s surviving paintings blend
portraiture and genre. Her subjects appear to be acquain-
tances whom she has asked to pose; she has captured
both their self-consciousness and the spontaneity of their
everyday activities, the depiction of which characterizes
genre painting. But genre painting, especially when it
portrayed members of the humblest classes, was never
popular in eighteenth-century France. The Le Nain
brothers and Georges de La Tour, who also chose such
themes, were largely ignored. Their present high standing
is due to a different, more democratic political climate
and to different aesthetic values: we no longer require
artists to provide ideal images of humanity for our moral
edification but rather regard such idealization as a falsifi-
cation of the truth. Duparc gives no improving message
and discreetly refrains from judging her subjects. In brief,
her works neither elevate nor instruct. This restraint
largely explains her lack of popular success during her
lifetime, even if her talent did not go completely unrecog-
nized by her eighteenth-century French contemporaries.

24. According to the passage, modern viewers are not
   likely to value which of the following qualities in a
   painting?
   (A) The technical elements of the painting
   (B) The spontaneity of the painting
   (C) The moral lesson imparted by the painting
   (D) The degree to which the painting realistically
      depicts its subject
   (E) The degree to which the artist’s personality is
     revealed in the painting

25. If the history of Duparc’s artistic reputation were
   to follow that of the Le Nain brothers and Georges
   de La Tour, present-day assessments of her work
   would be likely to contain which of the following?
   (A) An evaluation that accords high status to her
work
   (B) Acknowledgement of her technical expertise
but dismissal of her subject matter as trivial
   (C) Agreement with assessments made in her own
time but acknowledgements of the excep-
tional quality of a few of her paintings
   (D) Placement of her among the foremost artists of
her century
(E) A reclassification of her work as portraiture
rather than genre painting

26. It can be inferred from the passage that the term
   “genre painting” would most likely apply to which
   of the following?
   (A) A painting depicting a glorious moment of vic-
tory following a battle
   (B) A painting illustrating a narrative from the
    Bible
   (C) A portrayal of a mythological Greek goddess
   (D) A portrayal of a servant engaged in his work
   (E) A formal portrait of an eighteenth-century
  king

27. The argument of the passage best supports which of
the following contentions concerning judgements of
artistic work?
   (A) Aesthetic judgments can be influenced by the
political beliefs of those making the judge-
ment.
   (B) Judgments of the value of an artist’s work
    made by his or her contemporaries must be
    discounted before a true judgment can be
    made.
   (C) Modern aesthetic taste is once again moving in
the direction of regarding idealistic painting
as the most desirable form of painting.
   (D) In order to be highly regarded, an artist cannot
be solely identified with one particular kind
of painting.
   (E) Spontaneity is the most valuable quality a por-
trait painter can have.

orangetreeUID: 189984

NO6-3-4
Mycorrhizal fungi infect more plants than do any
other fungi and are necessary for many plants to thrive,
but they have escaped widespread investigation until
recently for two reasons. First, the symbiotic associa-
tion is so well-balanced that the roots of host plants
show no damage even when densely infected. Second,
the fungi cannot as yet be cultivated in the absence of a
living root. Despite these difficulties, there has been
important new work that suggests that this symbiotic
association can be harnessed to achieve more economi-
cal use of costly superphosphate fertilizer and to permit
better exploitation of cheaper, less soluble rock phos-
phate. Mycorrhizal benefits are not limited to improved
phosphate uptake in host plants. In legumes, mycor-
rhizal inoculation has increased nitrogen fixation
beyond levels achieved by adding phosphate fertilizer
alone. Certain symbiotic associations also increase the
host plant’s resistance to harmful root fungi. Whether
this resistance results from exclusion of harmful fungi
through competition for sites, from metabolic change
involving antibiotic production, or from increased vigor
is undetermined.

17. Which of the following most accurately describes
   the passage?
   (A) A description of a replicable experiment
   (B) A summary report of new findings
   (C) A recommendation for abandoning a difficult
area of research
   (D) A refutation of an earlier hypothesis
   (E) A confirmation of earlier research

18. The level of information in the passage above is
   suited to the needs of all of the following people
   EXCEPT
  (A) a researcher whose job is to identify potentially
  profitable areas for research and product
  development
  (B) a state official whose position requires her to
alert farmers about possible innovations in
farming
  (C) an official of a research foundation who identi-
fies research projects for potential funding
  (D) a biologist attempting to keep up with scien-
tific developments in an area outside of his
immediate area of specialization
  (E) a botanist conducting experiments to deter-
mine the relationship between degree of
mycorrhizal infection and expected uptake
of phosphate

19. It can be inferred from the passage that which of
the following has been a factor influencing the
extent to which research on mycorrhizal fungi has
progressed?
  (A) Lack of funding for such research
  (B) Lack of immediate application of such research
  (C) Lack of a method for identifying mycorrhizal
fungi
  (D) Difficulties surrounding laboratory production
of specimens for study
  (E) Difficulties ensuing from the high cost and
  scarcity of superphosphate fertilizers

20. The passage suggests which of the following about
the increased resistance to harmful root fungi that
some plants infected with mycorrhizal fungi seem to
exhibit?
   (A) There are at least three hypotheses that might
account for the increase.
   (B) An explanation lies in the fact that mycorrhizal
fungi increase more rapidly in number than
harmful root fungi do.
   (C) The plants that show increased resistance also
exhibit improved nitrogen fixation.
   (D) Such increases may be independent of mycor-
rhizal infection.
   (E) It is unlikely that a satisfactory explanation
   can be found to account for the increase.

In the early 1950’s, historians who studied pre
industrial Europe (which we may define here as
Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800)
began, for the first time in large numbers, to inves-
(5) tigate more of the preindustrial European popula-
tion than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the
political and social elite: the kings, generals, judges,
nobles, bishops, and local magnates who had hith-
erto usually filled history books. One difficulty,
(10) however, was that few of the remaining 97 percent
recorded their thoughts or had them chronicled by
contemporaries. Faced with this situation, many
historians based their investigations on the only
records that seemed to exist: birth, marriage, and
(15) death records. As a result, much of the early work
on the nonelite was aridly statistical in nature;
reducing the vast majority of the population to a
set of numbers was hardly more enlightening than
ignoring them altogether. Historians still did not
(20) know what these people thought or felt.
One way out of this dilemma was to turn to the
records of legal courts, for here the voices of the
nonelite can most often be heard, as witnesses,
plaintiffs, and defendants. These documents have
(25) acted as “a point of entry into the mental world of
the poor.” Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie have
used the documents to extract case histories, which
have illuminated the attitudes of different social
groups (these attitudes include, but are not confined
(30) to, attitudes toward crime and the law) and have
revealed how the authorities administered justice. It
has been societies that have had a developed police
system and practiced Roman law, with its written
depositions, whose court records have yielded the
(35) most data to historians. In Anglo-Saxon countries
hardly any of these benefits obtain, but it has still
been possible to glean information from the study
of legal documents.
The extraction of case histories is not, however,
(40) the only use to which court records may be put.
Historians who study preindustrial Europe have
used the records to establish a series of categories of
crime and to quantify indictments that were issued
over a given number of years. This use of the
(45) records does yield some information about the
nonelite, but this information gives us little insight
into the mental lives of the nonelite. We also know
that the number of indictments in preindustrial
Europe bears little relation to the number of actual
(50) criminal acts, and we strongly suspect that the rela-
tionship has varied widely over time. In addition,
aggregate population estimates are very shaky,
which makes it difficult for historians to compare
rates of crime per thousand in one decade of the
(55) preindustrial period with rates in another decade.
Given these inadequacies, it is clear why the case
history use of court records is to be preferred.

21. The author suggests that, before the early 1950’s,
most historians who studied preindustrial Europe did
which of the following?
  (A) Failed to make distinctions among members of
the preindustrial European political and social
elite.
  (B) Used investigatory methods that were almost
exclusively statistical in nature.
  (C) Inaccurately estimated the influence of the
preindustrial European political and social
   elite.
  (D) Confined their work to a narrow range of the
preindustrial European population.
  (E) Tended to rely heavily on birth, marriage, and
death records.

22. According to the passage, the case histories extracted
by historians have
  (A) scarcely illuminated the attitudes of the political
and social elite
  (B) indicated the manner in which those in power
apportioned justice
  (C) focused almost entirely on the thoughts and feel-
ings of different social groups toward crime and
the law
  (D) been considered the first kind of historical writ-ing
that utilized the records of legal courts
  (E) been based for the most part on the trial testi-
mony of police and other legal authorities

23. It can be inferred from the passage that much of the
early work by historians on the European nonelite of
the preindustrial period might have been more illu-
minating if these historians had
  (A) used different methods of statistical analysis to
investigate the nonelite
  (B) been more successful in identifying the attitudes of
civil authorities, especially those who
administered justice, toward the nonelite
  (C) been able to draw on more accounts, written by
contemporaries of the nonelite, that described
what this nonelite thought
  (D) relied more heavily on the personal records left
by members of the European political and
social elite who lived during the period in
question
  (E) been more willing to base their research on the
birth, marriage, and death records of the
nonelite

24. The author mentions Le Roy Ladurie (line 26) in
order to
  (A) give an example of a historian who has made
one kind of use of court records
  (B) cite a historian who has based case histories on
the birth, marriage, and death records of the
nonelite
  (C) identify the author of the quotation cited in the
previous sentence
  (D) gain authoritative support for the view that the
case history approach is the most fruitful
approach to court records
  (E) point out the first historian to realize the value of
court records in illuminating the beliefs
and values of the nonelite

25. According to the passage, which of the following is
true of indictments for crime in Europe in the pre-
industrial period?
  (A) They have, in terms of their numbers, remained
relatively constant over time.
  (B) They give the historian important information
about the mental lives of those indicted.
  (C) They are not a particularly accurate indication
of the extent of actual criminal activity.
  (D) Their importance to historians of the nonelite
has been generally overestimated.
  (E) Their problematic relationship to actual crime
has not been acknowledged by most his-
torians.

26. It can be inferred from the passage that a historian
who wished to compare crime rates per thousand in
a European city in one decade of the fifteenth cen-
tury with crime rates in another decade of that cen-
tury would probably be most aided by better infor-
mation about which of the following?
  (A) The causes of unrest in the city during the two
decades
  (B) The aggregate number of indictments in the
city nearest to the city under investigation
during the two decades
  (C) The number of people who lived in the city
   during each of the decades under investiga-
tion
  (D) The mental attitudes of criminals in the city,
   including their feelings about authority, dur-
ing each of the decades under investigation
  (E) The possibilities for a member of the city’s
   nonelite to become a member of the political
and social elite during the two decades

27. The passage would be most likely to appear as
   part of
  (A) a book review summarizing the achievements
of historians of the European aristocracy
  (B) an essay describing trends in the practice of
   writing history
  (C) a textbook on the application of statistical
   methods in the social sciences
  (D) a report to the historical profession on the
   work of early-twentieth-century historians
  (E) an article urging the adoption of historical
   methods by the legal profession

orangetreeUID: 189984

NO7-1-1
Our visual perception depends on the
reception of energy reflecting or radiating from
that which we wish to perceive. If our eyes could
receive and measure infinitely delicate sense-
(5) data, we could perceive the world with infinite
precision. The natural limits of our eyes have, of
course, been extended by mechanical instru-
ments; telescopes and microscopes, for example,
expand our capabilities greatly. There is, how-
(10) ever, an ultimate limit beyond which no instru-
ment can take us; this limit is imposed by our
inability to receive sense-data smaller than those
conveyed by an individual quantum of energy.
Since these quanta are believed to be indivisible
(15)packages of energy and so cannot be further
refined, we reach a point beyond which further
resolution of the world is not possible. It is like a
drawing a child might make by sticking indivis-
ible discs of color onto a canvas.
(20)    We might think that we could avoid this
limitation by using quanta with extremely long
wavelengths; such quanta would be sufficiently
sensitive to convey extremely delicate sense-data.
And these quanta would be useful, as long as we
(25) only wanted to measure energy, but a completely
accurate perception of the world will depend
also on the exact measurement of the lengths
and positions of what we wish to perceive. For
this, quanta of extremely long wavelengths are
(30) useless. To measure a length accurately to within
a millionth of an inch, we must have a measure
graduate in millionths of an inch; a yardstick
graduated in inches is useless. Quanta with a
wavelength of one inch would be, in a sense,
(35) measures that are graduated in inches. Quanta
of extremely long wavelength are useless in
measuring anything except extremely large
dimensions.
Despite these difficulties, quanta have
(40) important theoretical implications for physics. It
used to be supposed that, in the observation of
nature, the universe could be divided into two
distinct parts, a perceiving subject and a per-
ceived object. In physics, subject and object were
(45) supposed to be entirely distinct, so that a descrip-
tion of any part of the universe would be
independent of the observer. The quantum
theory, however, suggests otherwise, for every
observation involves the passage of a complete
(50) quantum from the object to the subject, and it
now appears that this passage constitutes an
important coupling between observer and
observed. We can no longer make a sharp
division between the two in an effort to observe
(55) nature objectively. Such an attempt at objec-
tivity would distort the crucial interrelationship
of observer and observed as parts of a single
whole. But, even for scientists, it is only in the
world of atoms that this new development
(60) makes any appreciable difference in the explana-
tion of observations.

17. The primary purpose of the passage is to
  (A) discuss a problem that hinders precise
    perception of the world
  (B) point out the inadequacies of accepted units
    of measurement
  (C) criticize attempts to distinguish between
    perceiving subjects and perceived objects
  (D) compare and contrast rival scientific
    hypotheses about how the world should
    be measured and observed
  (E) suggest the limited function of sensory
    observation

18. According to the passage, quanta with an
   extremely long wavelength cannot be used to
   give complete information about the physical
   world because they
  (A) exist independently of sense-data
  (B) are graduated only in inches
  (C) have an insignificant amount of energy
  (D) cannot, with present-day instruments, be
    isolated from quanta of shorter wavelength
  (E) provide an insufficiently precise means of
    measuring length and position

19. Which of the following describes a situation
   most analogous to the situation discussed in
   lines 9-13?
  (A) A mathematician can only solve problems
    the solution of which can be deduced
    from known axioms.
  (B) An animal can respond to no command
       that is more complicated syntactically
       than any it has previously received.
  (C) A viewer who has not learned, at least
    intuitively, the conventions of painting,
    cannot understand perspective in a
    drawing.
  (D) A sensitized film will record no detail on a
    scale that is smaller than the grain of the
    film.
  (E) A shadow cast on a screen by an opaque
    object will have a sharp edge only if the
    light source is small or very distant.

20. The author uses the analogy of the child’s
   drawing (lines 17-19) primarily in order to
  (A) illustrate the ultimate limitation in the
    precision of sense-data conveyed by
    quanta
  (B) show the sense of helplessness scientists feel
        in the face of significant observational
    problems
  (C) anticipate the objections of those scientists
    who believe that no instrumental aid to
    observation is entirely reliable
  (D) exemplify the similarities between packages
        of energy and varieties of color
  (E) disparage those scientists who believe that
    measurement by means of quanta offers
    an accurate picture of the world

21. The author implies that making a sharp division
   between subject and object in physics is
  (A) possible in a measurement of an object’s
   length and position, but not in a
   measurement of its energy
  (B) still theoretically possible in the small-scale
   world of atoms and electrons
  (C) possible in the case of observations involv-
       ing the passage of a complete quantum
  (D) no longer an entirely accurate way to
   describe observation of the universe
  (E) a goal at which scientists still aim

22. The author’s use of the phrase “in a sense”
   (line 34) implies which of the following?
  (A) Quanta of extremely long wavelength are
    essentially graduated in inches.
  (B) Quanta of one-inch wavelength are not
    precisely analogous to yardsticks
    graduated in inches.
  (C) Quanta of extremely long wavelength, in at
    lest one respect, resemble quanta of
    shorter wavelength.
  (D) Quanta of one-inch wavelength and quanta
  of extremely long wavelength do not differ
  only in their wavelengths.
  (E) Quanta of one-inch wavelength must be
    measured by different standards than
    quanta of extremely long wavelength.

23. According to the passage, the quantum theory
   can be distinguished from previous theories of
   physics by its
  (A) insistence on scrupulously precise
   mathematical formulations
  (B) understanding of the inherent
   interrelationship of perceiver and perceived
  (C) recognition of the need for sophisticated
   instruments of measurement
  (D) emphasis on small-scale rather than on
   large-scale phenomena
  (E) regard for philosophical issues as well as for
       strictly scientific ones

Tillie Olsen’s fiction and essays have been
widely and rightly acknowledged as major con-
tributions to American literature. Her work has
been particularly valued by contemporary fem-
(5) inists. Yet few of Olsen’s readers realize the
extent to which her vision and choice of subject
are rooted in an earlier literary heritage—the
tradition of radical political thought, mostly
socialist and anarchist, of the 1910’s and 1920’s,
(10) and the Old Left tradition of the 1930’s. I do not
mean that one can adequately explain the elo-
quence of her work in terms of its political
origins, or that left-wing politics were the single
most important influence on it. My point is that
(15) its central consciousness—its profound under-
standing of class and gender as shaping influ-
ences on people’s lives—owes much to that
earlier literary heritage, a heritage that, in
general, has not been sufficiently valued by
most contemporary literary critics.

24. The primary purpose of the passage is to
  (A) argue that Olsen’s understanding of class
   and gender is her greatest gift as a writer
  (B) acknowledge Olsen’s importance as the
   leading spokesperson for a radical literary
   heritage
  (C) point out a literary heritage to which Olsen’s
       work is related
  (D) urge literary critics to investigate the origins
       of a literary heritage
  (E) suggest that Olsen’s work has been placed in
       a literary heritage to which it does not
   belong

25. According to the author, which of the following
   is true of the heritage mentioned in the passage?
  (A) It emphasizes gender as the determinate
   influence on people’s lives.
  (B) It has been the most important influence on
   Olsen’s work.
  (C) It includes political traditions that span three
       decades of the twentieth century.
  (D) It explains the eloquence but not the subject
   matter of Olsen’s work.
  (E) It reflects primarily the development of
   socialist political thought in the early
   twentieth century.

26. In the sentence “I do not…influence on it”
   (lines 10-14), the author does which of the
   following?
  (A) Broadens an existing classification.
  (B) Contradicts the passage’s central thesis.
  (C) Qualifies a commonly accepted point of
   view.
  (D) Presents conflicting explanations for a
   phenomenon.
  (E) Denies possible interpretations of an earlier
   assertion.

27. According to the author, Olsen’s work has been
  (A) rightly acknowledged for its contribution to
   political thought
  (B) thought to represent the beginning of a new
   literary tradition
  (C) a needed impetus for social change
  (D) most clearly influenced by feminism
  (E) deservedly admired by readers

逆风飞羊UID: 182440

问一下NO4。3.2.2
In his 1976 study of slavery in the United States, Herbert Gutman, like Fogel, Engerman, and Genovese, has rightly stressed the slaves’ achievements. But unlike these historians, Gutman gives plantation owners little credit for these achievements. Rather, Gutman argues that one must look to the Black family and the slaves’ extended kinship system to understand how crucial achievements, such as the maintenance of a cultural heritage and the development of a communal consciousness, were possible. His findings compel attention.
Gutman recreates the family and extended kinship structure mainly through an ingenious use of what any historian should draw upon, quantifiable data, derived in this case mostly from plantation birth registers. He also uses accounts of ex-slaves to probe the human reality behind his statistics. These sources indicate that the two-parent household predominated in slave quarters just as it did among freed slaves after emancipation. Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent, he shows that the slaves’ preference, revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent, was very much for stable monogamy. In less conclusive fashion Fogel, Engerman, and Genovese had already indicated the predominance of two-parent households; however, only Gutman emphasizes the preference for stable monogamy and points out what stable monogamy meant for the slaves’ cultural heritage. Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of—and so was crucial in sustaining—the Black heritage of folklore, music, and religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.
Gutman’s examination of other facets of kinship also produces important findings. Gutman discovers that cousins rarely married, an exogamous tendency that contrasted sharply with the endogamy practiced by the plantation owners. This preference for exogamy, Gutman suggests, may have derived from West African rules governing marriage, which, though they differed from one tribal group to another, all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin. This taboo against cousins’ marrying is important, argues Gutman, because it is one of many indications of a strong awareness among slaves of an extended kinship network. The fact that distantly related kin would care for children separated from their families also suggests this awareness. When blood relationships were few, as in newly created plantations in the Southwest, “fictive” kinship arrangements took their place until a new pattern of consanguinity developed. Gutman presents convincing evidence that this extended kinship structure—which he believes developed by the mid-to-late eighteenth century—provided the foundations for the strong communal consciousness that existed among slaves.
In sum, Gutman’s study is significant because it offers a closely reasoned and original explanation of some of the slaves’ achievements, one that correctly emphasizes the resources that slaves themselves possessed.

26.Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
(A) The author compares and contrasts the work of several historians and then discusses areas for possible new research.
(B) The author presents his thesis, draws on the work of several historians for evidence to support his thesis, and concludes by reiterating his thesis.
(C) The author describes some features of a historical study and then uses those features to put forth his own argument.
(D) The author summarizes a historical study, examines two main arguments from the study, and then shows how the arguments are potentially in conflict with one another.
(E) The author presents the general argument of a historical study, describes the study in more detail, and concludes with a brief judgments of the study’s value.
答案E

Originally posted by orangetree at 2005-9-20 01:55
26结构题，答案是E。全文开头in his 1976 study...而且后面紧接着也出现了historian
应该可以判断出这个historical吧。

我也看了花的这句话，可是生性驽钝，怎么也不明白是如何判断出的。

sunflower123UID: 198033

先来报到，先在填空中，过几天来阅读

orangetreeUID: 189984

NO.6-3-2
长文做过在XDF做了，不说了。
短文10分钟，错25。
25题其实问得很巧妙，是在问对L&G的评价，如果你看题干看不明白，你这么想，follow这个词，一定表达了顺成关系，而不是反对。文中对L&G的评价是这样的：过去：忽略的。现在：high standing…..，是这样的吗？之所以选A，是因为A中的high status= high standing吗？？词汇收集
Portraiture n.肖像画法
Genre n.类型, 流派
Humble adj.卑下的, 微贱的, 谦逊的, 粗陋的vt.使...卑下, 挫, 贬抑
Spontaneity n.自发性
NO.6-3-4
短文好难啊！我用了快20分钟，还是错了1个，20。而且18，19还都是不坚定的。

翻译：菌根真菌（mycorrhizal fungi）比诸于其它任何真菌会感染到更多的植物，并且对于许多植物的茂盛生长显得不可或缺；然而，它们直到最近为止由于两个缘由而没能得到广泛的研究。首先，共生联系（symbiotic association）是平衡得如此之好，以致于寄主植物（host plant）的根部即使在遭到密集感染的情况下亦不会显示出任何受损害的迹象。其次，这种真菌迄今为止尚无法在缺乏有生命的植物根茎的情况下被培养出来。尽管存在这些困难，科学家已完成了重要的全新研究，表明这种共生联系可被利用起来，对昂贵的过磷酸钙化肥可获得更为经济的用途，并允许人们更好地利用较为廉价、不那么易于溶解的岩磷酸钙化肥。菌根的益处并非局限于寄主植物身上业已提高的磷酸肥吸收量。在豆科植物（legume）上，菌根的移入土壤提高了固氮率，其效果要超过单靠增施磷酸化肥所能取得的固氮水准。某些共生联系还能增强寄生植物对有害的根部真菌的抵抗力。这种抵抗力是否源自通过场所竞争对有害真菌的驱逐，是否源自那种涉及抗菌素产生的新陈代谢变化，或是否源自植物活力的提高，这些尚不得而知。
分析一下套路：
先说因为2个reason,直到最近才widespread investigation。然后despite让步，转折出新观点：there has been important new work ...就是TS了！（这里前面的until recently和new work 照应，前者说明直至最近还没能达到广泛研究，而后者说明最近有新的进展）。TS之后就一直围绕讲了2个benefits,一个是improved phosphate uptake,一个是固氮作用，举豆科植物为例。还有一个是increase resistance。两个之间用一个not limited to...转折句来连接。对后一个benefits提出了三种可能解释。（20题）
18主题题，E说的程度太高了，本文达不到。因为本文讲述的就是现在研究的程度，而不能作为专业人士研究用途。
19 题定位L8的difficulties. 是两个中的第二个。L7的cultivate隐晦表现出“实验”含义。这道是细节题吗？可是看题干找不到核心词吧！用意思定位，应该说的是L8的difficulties，是吗？？
20细节题：核心词increase resistance，文章最后有3个from，3个hypothesis。B里面有than，可是文中在这没有比较。A和E相比，A更好。因为原文是whether ...or...的结构，把三个解释作为一个整体，然后说is undetermined.说明是这几种可能解释中的哪一种不能决定。而这里的or..or..是开放式的，因此还可能有其他解释，但作者这里只提三种。所以A对。
词汇收集：
thrive v.兴旺, 繁荣, 茁壮成长, 旺盛
phosphate n.磷酸盐
harnessed n.马具，挽具vt.套上马具；套车
长文做过。从略。（略了两个长文，所以我再做2篇吧！不然心里好不踏实呀！）

NO.7-1-1
长文很清晰。20分钟，错19，22。
19：L9－13主要谈到limit和一个比较级，所以首先就把选项里面没有比较的部分给去掉了，在B，D中选，不知道怎么选啦！
22题：错选了C。“in a sense”是“从某种意义上说”，带点对quanta of one－inch的负评价。定位在L30-34，。
短文忘了计时了，不过不难。新老对比型。错27。
27题，错选D，也是不该错的，看到文章开头有TO的文章particularly valued by contemporary feminists就以为D对，臆断。关键是E中的deservedly：应得地，但做题时没注意看。

词汇收集
scrupulously adv.小心翼翼地, 多顾虑地